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PubMedDate not supplied

Microvessel density in ovarian carcinoma: computer image analysis in patients with shorter and longer survival.

We previously reported that tumor microvessel density (MVD) may have prognostic significance in ovarian carcinoma. The aim of this study was to compare the intratumoral microvessels using a computer-aided image analysis system between FIGO stage IIIC, serous, G3, ovarian carcinomas obtained from living patients who had no evident disease 5 years after primary treatment and ovarian carcinomas, matched for stage, histopathology, grade of differentiation, and treatment, obtained from patients who had died of progression of disease no later than 1 year after primary treatment. We observed that MVD is statistically correlated, according to the logistic regression in univariate and multivariate ways, with the survival (P= 0.03 and P= 0.05, respectively) and with the progression of the disease during first-line chemotherapy (P= 0.009 and P= 0.012, respectively). In the past years, the modulation of first-line chemotherapeutic treatment has been a question of discussion, because the oncologist observes extremely unpredictable behaviors with surprisingly long survivals and also short survivals. Pathologists may give clinicians some additional prognostic information useful in the management of ovarian carcinoma patients. The results of this study support the hypothesis that the evaluation of MVD with computer image analysis can help clinicians in the choice of the tailored treatment of the single case.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

Liver fibrosis assessment with semiquantitative indexes and image analysis quantification in sustained-responder and non-responder interferon-treated patients with chronic hepatitis C.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The effect of interferon on the reduction of liver fibrosis is controversial. We aimed to compare semiquantitative methods with a quantitative digital image analysis system to assess liver fibrosis in biopsies from patients with chronic hepatitis and different responses to interferon. METHODS: We studied 98 liver biopsies with chronic hepatitis C before and after recombinant interferon alfa-2 treatment, using conventional histological assessment, grading of histological activity, scoring/staging of fibrosis (Knodell and Scheuer), and quantification of fibrosis with image analysis (FibroQuant). RESULTS: Sustained-responders to interferon showed a significant reduction in histological lesions and in their Knodell and Scheuer activity indexes. The semiquantitative systems showed no reduction in fibrosis. The FibroQuant application showed a significant reduction in porto-periportal and septal areas among sustained-responders (P < 0.001) and non-responders (P < 0.05), and in porto-periportal and septal fibrosis areas only in sustained-responders (P < 0.001), whereas the percentage of fibrosis increased in non-responders (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The Scheuer system is useful for the daily evaluation of fibrosis, but the FibroQuant application provides more objective data on the anti-fibrogenic effects of interferon, which include a reduction in the porto-periportal area in sustained-responders and non-responders, accompanied by a reduction in the area of fibrosis only when the viral replication has ceased.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Automated microscope image analysis in the cytological tumor diagnostics. Results on borderline-cases of mammary tumors.

50 fine-needle biopsies of mammary tumors (20 medullary carcinomas, 20 fibroadenomas, and 10 false negative judged cases) were studied by automated microscopic image analysis. Eight morphometric and densitometric features of the tumor cell nuclei were determined on Papanicolaou stained smears. It was analyzed whether smears false judged as negative can be rightly allocated as carcinomas by the automated method. The results of this study have shown that it was possible by means of three cell nucleus parameters (standard deviation of the area, mean area ratio, and skewness of the grey value gradient at contours) with 100% correct separation of the unequivocal cytologies into malignant and benign smears to recognize about 90% of the false judged smears rightly as carcinomas. The results are reproducible and can be obtained in a time of 2-5 min per smear. The first results show that the automated microscope image analysis may be a valuable tool in the diagnosis of borderline-cases of mammary tumors.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1987

Quantitative immunocytochemistry by digital image analysis: application to toxicologic pathology.

Recent advances in immunocytochemical techniques allow the localization of specific antigens in tissue sections. The work reported here attempts to evaluate the application of antibody-labeled, disease-related protein, followed by microscopy and computerized image analysis. Using an experimental anti-tumor, polyclonal antibody (anti-oncomodulin) as a model, various tissues were prepared for light microscope immunocytochemistry. Sections were incubated with primary antibody, then biotinylated secondary antibody. This was followed by incubation with avidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC method). Marker was visualized by the presence of precipitated diaminobenzidine. Samples were evaluated using a Zeiss/Kontron IBAS I & II semi-automatic digital image analysis system. Statistical analyses were performed on output data. Results demonstrated the localization and determined optical density of immunolabel. Statistical comparisons showed significant differences between control and experimental sections. The practical application of these combined techniques provides the toxicologic pathologist with a powerful tool for accurate and objective determination of the location and relative amount of selected proteins in normal and abnormal tissues.

Calcium-Binding Proteins↗
PubMed2000

A case of superior oblique myokymia observed by an image-analysis system.

Superior oblique myokymia is a microtremor of the eye that causes monocular torsional oscillopsia. A modified Harada-Ito procedure was used to treat a case of the disease in a 20-year-old woman. The authors used video-image analysis pre- and postoperatively to evaluate the effect of the surgery on abnormal torsional eye movements. This analysis revealed that before surgery, the abnormal torsional movement had a very regular cycle (duration of attack, 8.0 +/- 0.5 s; time interval between attacks, 18.7 +/- 3.2 s; n = 9). After the surgery, amplitude of the abnormal torsional eye movement was reduced, and the oscillopsia had subjectively improved, although the movement cycle remained unchanged. The authors' video-image analysis, which used iris striation, proved to be a useful method for clinical measurement of torsional eye movements.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

A comparison of the use of an ATP-based bioluminescent assay and image analysis for the assessment of bacterial adhesion to standard HEMA and biomimetic soft contact lenses.

The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro adhesion of clinically relevant bacteria to standard HEMA and novel biomimetic soft contact lenses (SCL) using bioluminescent ATP assay and image analysis. Unworn SCL were incubated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis or Serratia marcescens suspended in sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The level of bacterial adhesion after 1, 2, 4, 6 and 18h, was assessed using both image analysis and a bioluminescent ATP assay. Species differences in the overall level of adhesion to the different types of lens were observed using both measurement techniques. Generally bacterial adhesion was shown to peak at 4-6 h, then decline to a much lower level by 18 h. After 4 h, adhesion of all species of bacteria to the biomimetic SCL (omafilcon A) was found to be significantly lower than to the standard HEMA SCL (polymacon) (p<0.05. Student's t-test, n = 4). Both these techniques demonstrated that novel biomimetic SCL materials exhibit significantly lower bacterial adhesion in vitro compared to standard HEMA SCL materials. SCL manufactured with these novel biomimetic materials may reduce the risk of infection.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed2005

Semi-automated digital image analysis of joint space width in knee radiographs.

OBJECTIVE: To design a semi-automated program to measure the minimum tibiofemoral joint space width (JSW) of knee radiographs. DESIGN: Bilateral knee radiographs were obtained twice within a 2 week period from 34 asymptomatic research participants. Radiographic images were analyzed to report both the variability of the image analysis program and the reproducibility of JSW measurements within a 2 week period. In addition, the results were compared with minimum JSW measurements read manually by an experienced musculoskeletal radiologist. RESULTS: The variability of the image analysis program was shown to be within one pixel. The results showed that reproducibility was better with the automated method. In addition, the manual method measured a greater minimum JSW than the automated method. There was no significant difference in between-day measurements. There was a significant difference reported between the automated and manual minimum JSW measurements. CONCLUSION: A novel semi-automated method for measurement of JSW has been developed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The Oxford modular cataract image analysis system.

A modular system of acquisition and analysis of Scheimpflug, retro-illumination and fluorescence images of the in vivo human crystalline lens is described. Image analysis is directed towards the following goals: Scheimpflug slit-images are analysed for: (1) The optical density of nuclear cataract present; (2) The dimensions of the lens and the lenticular zones; (3) The curvatures of the lens and lenticular zones. Retro-illumination images are analysed for: (1) The percentage area which is occupied by cataract; (2) A combined measure (weighted integral) describing both the amount of cataract present and its optical density. Lenticular auto-fluorescence images are analysed for the mean density (fluorescence) of the lens as a whole. A pilot study of the repeatability of the methods is presented.

Cataract↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of mailed urine specimens in diagnosing urothelial carcinoma by cytology and DNA image analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of urine specimens collected via a mailer system and analyzed by cytology and DNA ploidy for the detection of urothelial carcinoma (UC). STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively reviewed the diagnoses of 91 mailed urine specimens received from 72 patients, 67% of whom had a history of UC. The specimens were fixed in an equal volume of 50% ethanol solution before being mailed. The cytologic findings were interpreted in conjunction with DNA ploidy image analysis. We compared these initial diagnoses with those of follow-up examinations, including biopsies, cystoscopic findings and urinary cytology/DNA ploidy analyses. In addition, to examine the quality of the mailed samples, 3 cytopathologists performed a blinded assessment of cytologic slides of 20 mailed and 17 fresh urinary samples for bacterial overgrowth, urothelial degeneration, and presence of proteinaceous material and crystals. RESULTS: Follow-up was available for 68 of the 91 mailed specimens. The sensitivity for detecting UC using mailed urine specimens that were analyzed by both cytology and DNA ploidy was 61%, while specificity was 92%. The levels of bacterial overgrowth and urothelial degeneration in the mailed specimens were not significantly greater than in the fresh specimens (p>0.05). The levels of proteinaceous material and crystals were significantly higher in the mailed specimens (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of combined cytology and DNA ploidy image analysis by using mailed urine samples were comparable to those of fresh urine specimens for the detection of UC reported in previous publications. The increase in crystals and proteinaceous material did not impede diagnostic interpretation. The mailing system is a reliable and convenient method of monitoring and triaging patients with UC or related symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Monitoring of chemotherapy-induced morphonuclear modifications by means of digital cell-image analysis.

We illustrate the potential application of digital cell-image analysis to characterize the morphonuclear modifications induced by various drugs including VP16, a podophyllotoxin derivative, PE1001, an investigational alkylating agent, and doxorubicin, an intercalating agent. Fifteen parameters representative of morphometric (nuclear area), densitometric (nuclear DNA content), and textural (chromatin organization, condensation, and distribution) features were computed on Feulgen-stained nuclei obtained from fine-needle aspirations serially performed during treatment on the MXT mouse mammary cancer model. We observed marked differences between the control and drug-treated MXT cell nuclei. However, mathematical data processing was necessary to improve the ratio of the chemotherapy-induced morphonuclear signal to the control biological morphonuclear signal. This data processing relies upon the use of principal-component analysis followed by the canonical transformation of data. The present method can be applied to all human cancers on which fine-needle aspiration can be performed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Image analysis derived ploidy and proliferation indices in soft tissue sarcomas: comparison with clinical outcome.

AIMS: To compare prognostic information obtained by image analysis cytometry of paraffin wax embedded soft tissue sarcomas with conventional assessment. METHODS: A CAS 200 image analyser was used to determine DNA content of Feulgen stained cytology preparations and tissue sections and to quantify immunostaining by Ki67 and PC10 antibodies. A mitotic count in 50 high power fields was undertaken and histological grade assigned by the Trojani system. Clinical details including follow up and outcome were obtained by case note review. The Kruskal-Wallis one way analysis test, Spearman rho significance test, Kaplan-Meier method, and log-rank test were applied in statistical analysis. RESULTS: Ploidy status, DNA index, 2.5c exceeding rate, 5c exceeding rate, mitotic count and Trojani grade all correlated significantly with clinical outcome. The relation between Ki67 index and outcome did not reach significance. The PC10 index and outcome were not related. Only 2.5c exceeding rate, 5c exceeding rate, and mitotic count correlated significantly with Trojani grade. CONCLUSIONS: DNA content determination of soft tissue sarcomas by image analysis provides quantifiable information of benefit in prediction of outcome. Larger series are required to determine the independent value of ploidy. In this study quantification of anti-Ki67 and anti-PC10 immunostaining was not of prognostic benefit) by contrast with mitotic count and Trojani grade.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1988

Evolution of the elastic fiber network of the human uterine cervix before, during and after pregnancy. A quantitative evaluation by automated image analysis.

To assess the evolution of the elastic fiber network of the human uterine cervix before, during and after pregnancy, biopsy samples were obtained from 49 women. The high affinity of the polyphenolic compound (+)-catechin for elastin was used to stain the elastic fibers selectively, and enabled automated image analysis. In the human uterine cervix, the elastic fiber network is made up of: (1) fibers running parallel to the basement lamina of the epithelium, and (2) thinner, perpendicular fibers. Quantification using automated image analysis shows a decline in the cervical elastin content from a prepregnancy level of 1.33 +/- 0.08 (SEM) to 0.73 +/- 0.09% (Vv) at the end of pregnancy. In parallel with a constant decline, dissociation and disorganization of the fibers become more clearly evident as pregnancy progresses. However, by 5-7 weeks postpartum the elastic fiber network appears almost completely restructured. These changes support a role of elastin in the processes of cervical maturation and reconstruction during pregnancy and after delivery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Image analysis of Feulgen-stained transformed NIH 3T3 cells differing in p21 expression and ras-induced metastatic ability.

Nuclear phenotypes of clonal and polyclonal T24 H-ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells differing in p21 expression and experimental metastatic ability were studied in Feulgen-stained preparations by image analysis. The objective was to determine if these cells varied in their degree of chromatin condensation, as previously reported with cell transformation, or in any other chromatin texture property highlighted by image analysis parameters. The majority of nuclei in all of these ras-transformed cells exhibited increased levels of chromatin condensation, independent of ras levels or metastatic properties. This chromatin texture characteristic was assumed to be related to the transformed phenotype. No significant changes in chromatin supraorganization that could be correlated directly with ras levels or metastatic ability were found, with the exception of an increased frequency of a relatively rare phenotype in highly metastatic cells. This phenotype was characterized by an extreme contrast in packing state between condensed and noncondensed chromatin. It is suggested that ras transformation results in alterations in chromatin structure but that there is not a simple relationship between ras p21 expression levels or ras-induced metastatic ability and the degree of these changes.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adrenal cortical carcinoma with a liver metastasis in a child. Report of a case with fine needle aspiration findings and image analysis of nuclear DNA.

BACKGROUND: Adrenal cortical carcinoma is a rare and highly malignant neoplasm. Liver metastases from it may require special differential techniques in addition to cytologic findings. CASE: A 14-month-old child had adrenal cortical carcinoma and a liver metastasis confirmed by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Histologic and clinical criteria of malignancy only partially applied to this tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis of both the primary tumor and metastasis supported an adrenal cortical origin. Other ancillary tests-DNA ploidy, proliferation index (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Ki-67) and p53 protein immunolocalization-were utilized in a diagnostic sequence. Flow cytometric and image analysis of DNA ploidy of the primary tumor gave similar results. Assessment of DNA content of the adrenal cortical carcinoma and liver metastasis by image analysis showed identical patterns. CONCLUSION: The applicability of new diagnostic techniques to FNAB material may provide new objective measures of the biologic potential of adrenal cortical carcinoma. The validity of these tests is enhanced with the use of image-based quantitative approaches that provide greater reproducibility and objectivity of their results.

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Immunofluorescence localization of Z-DNA in chromosomes: quantitation by scanning microphotometry and computer-assisted image analysis.

Anti-Z-DNA polyclonal and monoclonal immunoglobulins raised against left-handed polynucleotides show various degrees of specificity for base sequence and substitution. Class 1 IgGs recognize all Z-DNA with equal affinity; class 2 IgGs show a preference for d(G-C)n sequences and class 3 IgGs for d(G-C)n sequences with substitutions at the C5 position of the pyrimidine. These antibodies served as probes for the localization of Z-DNA in polytene and metaphase chromosomes and in interphase chromatin by indirect immunofluorescence. A quantitative assessment of the binding of anti-Z-DNA IgGs to polytene chromosomes of Chironomus and Drosophila was made by scanning microphotometry and by computer-assisted image analysis of double immunofluorescence and DNA-specific dye fluorescence images. The three classes of antibodies bind to most of the bands in acid fixed polytene chromosomes of C. thummi; however, preferential binding of one class of antibody over another can be observed in certain regions. These differences can be quantitated by arithmetic division or subtraction of the normalized digital images. If a class 2 antibody is first bound at saturating concentrations the binding of class 1 antibody is reduced throughout most bands by 40-50%. However, the telomeres of the three large chromosomes bind greater than 10 times as much class 1 antibody as class 2 antibody, indicating that the Z-DNA tracts in these regions are comprised largely of alternating sequences containing the A X T basepair, e.g., A-C. High-resolution image analysis of class 1 and class 2 immunofluorescence patterns and the total DNA distribution from polytene chromosomes of D. melanogaster show that the two antibody distributions are very similar in a large majority of the bands, but they often deviate from the mean DNA distribution profile. Z-DNA sequences of both G-C and A-C type are detectable at all levels of ploidy from 2n to 2(13)n and in species as diverse as insects and man. We conclude that the vast majority of polytene chromosome bands (genes) contain one or a few DNA sequences with potential for undergoing the B----Z transition and contain both alternating purine-pyrimidine G-C and A-C tracts or mixed sequences. Highly heterochromatic bands and telomeres have more Z potential sequences than do other bands.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Image analysis for quantification of bacterial rock weathering.

A fast, quantitative image analysis technique was developed to assess potential rock weathering by bacteria. The technique is based on reduction in the surface area of rock particles and counting the relative increase in the number of small particles in ground rock slurries. This was done by recording changes in ground rock samples with an electronic image analyzing process. The slurries were previously amended with three carbon sources, ground to a uniform particle size and incubated with rock weathering bacteria for 28 days. The technique was developed and tested, using two rock-weathering bacteria Pseudomonas putida R-20 and Azospirillum brasilense Cd on marble, granite, apatite, quartz, limestone, and volcanic rock as substrates. The image analyzer processed large number of particles (10(7)-10(8) per sample), so that the weathering capacity of bacteria can be detected.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1995

Digital image analysis of microcomedones.

OBJECTIVE: Developing a technique for quantifying the number and size of follicular casts and microcomedones. BACKGROUND: There is no human testing that is validated up to now to predict comedogenesis and comedolysis following topical applications of drugs or cosmetics. DESIGN: Evaluations are performed by digital image analysis of cyanoacrylate follicular biopsies. The effects of two topical products are compared. RESULTS: Microcomedogenesis was disclosed after a 2-month period of application of a cosmetic product aimed at treating acne. Microcomedolysis occurred following usage of a topical preparation containing benzoyl peroxide 5% and miconazole nitrate 2%. CONCLUSION: Digital image analysis of skin surface biopsies is a sensitive method documenting microcomedo formation and dissolution.

Acne Vulgaris↗