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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Studying "exposure" to firearms: household ownership v access.

BACKGROUND: Firearm ownership has often been used to measure access to weapons. However, persons who own a firearm may not have access to it and conversely, persons who do not own a firearm may be able to access one quickly. OBJECTIVES: To examine whether using firearm ownership is a reasonable proxy for access by describing the demographic characteristics associated with ownership and access. METHODS: Data are from the 1994 Injury Control and Risk Survey, a national, random digit dial survey. Information about household firearm ownership and ready access to a loaded firearm were collected and weighted to provide national estimates. Adjusted odds ratios for three separate models were calculated using logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 1353 (27.9%) respondents reported both having a firearm in the household and ready access to one. An additional 313 respondents (8.1%) reported having a firearm, but were not able to access these weapons. Another 421 respondents (7.2%) did not have a firearm in or around their home, yet reported being able to retrieve and fire one within 10 minutes. Based on the logistic regression findings, the demographic characteristics of this latter group are quite different from those who report ownership. Those who do not have a firearm, but report ready access to one, are more likely to be ethnic minorities, single, and living in attached homes. CONCLUSIONS: Asking only about the presence of a firearm in a household may miss some respondents with ready access to a loaded firearm. More importantly, those who do not own a firearm, but report ready access to one, appear to be qualitatively different from those who report ownership. Caution should be exercised when using measures of ownership as a proxy for access.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Strengthening the public health system.

Although the American public health system has made major contributions to life expectancy for residents of this country over the past century, the system now faces more complex health problems that require comprehensive approaches and increased capacity, particularly in local and State public health agencies. To strengthen the public health system, concerted action is needed to meet these five critical needs: First, the knowledge base of public health workers needs to be supplemented through on-the-job training and continuing education programs. To this end, self-study courses will be expanded, and a network of regional training centers will be established throughout the country. Second, communities need dynamic leadership from public health officials and their agencies. To enhance leadership skills and expand the leadership role of public health agencies, focused personal leadership development activities, including a Public Health Leadership Institute, and national conferences will provide a vision of the future role of public health agencies. Third, local and State public health agencies need access to data on the current health status of the people in their communities and guidance from the nation's public health experts. To improve access to information resources, state-of-the-art technologies will be deployed to create integrated information and communication systems linking all components of the public health system. Fourth, local and State agencies need disease prevention and health promotion plans that target problems and develop strategies and the capacity to address them. To provide communities with structured approaches to this process, planning tools have been developed and distributed, and technical assistance will be provided to local and State health agencies to involve each community in planning,priority setting, and constituency building.Finally, public health agencies need adequate resources to fund prevention programs. To improve the use of existing Federal support and enhance the availability of new community resources, grant programs will be modified, and innovative approaches to local resource enhancement will be developed and shared.Activities in these five key areas are designed to improve the infrastructure of the public health system and its capacity to carry out effectively the core functions of public health assessment, policy development, and assurance of the availability of the benefits of public health. If the nation is to achieve the health objectives for the year 2000, the public health system-the individuals and institutions that, when working effectively together, promote and protect the health of the people-must be strengthened.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impact of community health centers and Medicaid on the use of health services.

The impact of improved access to health care through the Federal community health center (CHC) and Medicaid programs was examined in five urban low-income areas. Data on access to care and physician, hospital, and dental services utilization were collected by baseline and followup health surveys in the CHCs' services areas. There was a shift in use from hospital clinics to CHCs. Followup surveys indicated that 23 percent of the population reported CHCs as usual source of care. Travel time to source of care was reduced for users of CHCs. Medicaid coverage of the population in the survey areas increased from 16 to 37 percent between the baseline and followup surveys, an interval of 4 to 7 years. Increases occurred in the use of physicians and dental care between the baseline and followup surveys, but the rates scarcely kept pace with the national rates. Respondents who reported CHCs as their usual source of care, however, had a higher rate of physician visits and a lower rate of hospitalization compared with those using private physicians or hospital clinics as the usual source of care. Respondents with Medicaid coverage usually had higher physician and hospital use, irrespective of usual source of care. Both CHC and Medicaid programs contributed to increased use of dental care by providing financial and dental care resources. Although these two programs greatly facilitated the use of health services, disparity in physician and dental utilization remains between the five low-income areas and the averages for the nation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

MDB: the Metalloprotein Database and Browser at The Scripps Research Institute.

The Metalloprotein Database and Browser (MDB; http://metallo.scripps.edu) at The Scripps Research Institute is a web-accessible resource for metalloprotein research. It offers the scientific community quantitative information on geometrical parameters of metal-binding sites in protein structures available from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The MDB also offers analytical tools for the examination of trends or patterns in the indexed metal-binding sites. A user can perform interactive searches, metal-site structure visualization (via a Java applet), and analysis of the quantitative data by accessing the MDB through a web browser without requiring an external application or platform-dependent plugin. The MDB also has a non-interactive interface with which other web sites and network-aware applications can seamlessly incorporate data or statistical analysis results from metal-binding sites. The information contained in the MDB is periodically updated with automated algorithms that find and index metal sites from new protein structures released by the PDB.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

Ultrastructural analysis supports transferring Nosema whitei Weiser 1953 to the genus Paranosema and creation a new combination, Paranosema whitei.

The current ultrastructural description of Nosema whitei is in agreement with the genus definition of Paranosema [Sokolova, Y.Y., Dolgikh, V.V., Morzhina, E.V., Nassonova, E.S., Issi, I.V., Terry, R.S., Ironside, J.E., Smith, J.E., Vossbrinck, C.R., 2003. Establishment of the new genus Paranosema based on the ultrastructure and molecular phylogeny of the type species Paranosema grylli Gen. Nov., Comb. Nov (Sokolova, Selezniov, Dolgikh, Issi 1994), from the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus Deg. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 84, 159-172]. In addition to exhibiting similar spore morphology and sporogony type, N. whitei, like P. grylli and Paranosema locustae, possesses a distinct meront-sporont transitional stage in the life cycle; develops in the host fat body, and produces secretory material arranged in "tubular structures" during sporogony. Ultrastructural analysis supports the similarity of N. whitei to P. grylli and to P. locustae as predicted on the basis SSrDNA sequence data (GenBank Accession Nos. AY305323, AY305325, and AY305324). Comparative studies of these three related species provide a good example of the consistency of morphological and sequence data, and support both the placement of N. whitei inside the genus Paranosema and the validity of the new combination Paranosema whitei (Weiser).

Animals↗
PubMed2005

ESTree db: a tool for peach functional genomics.

BACKGROUND: The ESTree db http://www.itb.cnr.it/estree/ represents a collection of Prunus persica expressed sequenced tags (ESTs) and is intended as a resource for peach functional genomics. A total of 6,155 successful EST sequences were obtained from four in-house prepared cDNA libraries from Prunus persica mesocarps at different developmental stages. Another 12,475 peach EST sequences were downloaded from public databases and added to the ESTree db. An automated pipeline was prepared to process EST sequences using public software integrated by in-house developed Perl scripts and data were collected in a MySQL database. A php-based web interface was developed to query the database. RESULTS: The ESTree db version as of April 2005 encompasses 18,630 sequences representing eight libraries. Contig assembly was performed with CAP3. Putative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection was performed with the AutoSNP program and a search engine was implemented to retrieve results. All the sequences and all the contig consensus sequences were annotated both with blastx against the GenBank nr db and with GOblet against the viridiplantae section of the Gene Ontology db. Links to NiceZyme (Expasy) and to the KEGG metabolic pathways were provided. A local BLAST utility is available. A text search utility allows querying and browsing the database. Statistics were provided on Gene Ontology occurrences to assign sequences to Gene Ontology categories. CONCLUSION: The resulting database is a comprehensive resource of data and links related to peach EST sequences. The Sequence Report and Contig Report pages work as the web interface core structures, giving quick access to data related to each sequence/contig.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1998

[Tina, a model for a supra-regional expert assessment information system].

A problem common to most medical assessment centres is how to avoid redoing work already done in a similar case? Or, more precisely, how to get knowledge about that similar case? The problem is aggravated by the companies' decentralization and the vast amount of yearly assessments. We present a model of an information system based on a public wide-area network which nevertheless complies with German law in respect of handling personal data. The system neither compiles a full-text data base, nor does it allow access to original documents. Instead, it automatically creates a thesaurus-based index file according to the users' specific queries. Each index points to the requested document giving its author and time of accomplishment. Upon written request the document will be mailed within the company. Internet technology is used, and hardware requirements are modest. As a hybrid system the Tina (thesaurus-based index file system with net access) model system guarantees data safety despite easy data base access. Its information is detailed, and the response time is adequate.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2003

Antidepressants and suicide: risk-benefit conundrums.

There has been a long-standing controversy about the possibility that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants might induce suicidality in some patients. To shed light on this issue, this paper reviews available randomized controlled trials (RCTs), meta-analyses of clinical trials and epidemiological studies that have been undertaken to investigate the issue further. The original clinical studies raising concerns about SSRIs and suicide induction produced evidence of a dose-dependent link on a challenge-dechallenge and rechallenge basis between SSRIs and both agitation and suicidality. Meta-analyses of RCTs conducted around this time indicated that SSRIs may reduce suicidal ideation in some patients. These same RCTs, however, revealed an excess of suicidal acts on active treatments compared with placebo, with an odds ratio of 2.4 (95; confidence interval 1.6-3.7). This excess of suicidal acts also appears in epidemiological studies. The data reviewed here make it difficult to sustain a null hypothesis that SSRIs do not cause problems in some individuals. Further studies or further access to data are indicated to establish the magnitude of any risk and the characteristics of patients who may be most at risk.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1989

The microcomputer as a clinical research tool.

A microcomputer system has been developed for clinical perinatal-neonatal research. This system is composed of commercially available hardware and software that is readily available, relatively inexpensive, and easy to learn to use. Systems like this permit compilation of data, statistical analysis, and the possibility of intercommunication with other microcomputers and mainframe systems in collaborative research endeavors. Further, microcomputer systems allow investigators immediate access to data and data analysis within their own offices.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2003

BSD: the Biodegradative Strain Database.

The Biodegradative Strain Database (BSD) is a freely-accessible, web-based database providing detailed information on degradative bacteria and the hazardous substances that they degrade, including corresponding literature citations, relevant patents and links to additional web-based biological and chemical data. The BSD (http://bsd.cme.msu.edu) is being developed within the phylogenetic framework of the Ribosomal Database Project II (RDPII: http://rdp.cme.msu.edu/html) to provide a biological complement to the chemical and degradative pathway data of the University of Minnesota Biocatalysis/Biodegradation Database (UM-BBD: http://umbbd.ahc.umn.edu). Data is accessible through a series of strain, chemical and reference lists or by keyword search. The web site also includes on-line data submission and user survey forms to solicit user contributions and suggestions. The current release contains information on over 250 degradative bacterial strains and 150 hazardous substances. The transformation of xenobiotics and other environmentally toxic compounds by microorganisms is central to strategies for biocatalysis and the bioremediation of contaminated environments. However, practical, comprehensive, strain-level information on biocatalytic/biodegradative microbes is not readily available and is often difficult to compile. Similarly, for any given environmental contaminant, there is no single resource that can provide comparative information on the array of identified microbes capable of degrading the chemical. A web site that consolidates and cross-references strain, chemical and reference data related to biocatalysis, biotransformation, biodegradation and bioremediation would be an invaluable tool for academic and industrial researchers and environmental engineers.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiac surgery outcomes.

Accrediting organizations and payers are demanding valid and reliable data that demonstrate the value of services. Federal agencies, healthcare industry groups, and healthcare watchdog groups are increasing the demand for public access to outcomes data. A new and growing outcomes dynamic is the information requested by prospective patients in an increasingly consumer-oriented business. Patients demand outcomes, and resources are developing to meet these demands. Physicians are increasingly confronted with requests for information about their mortality and morbidity rates, malpractice suits, and disciplinary actions received. For example, in Virginia, prospective patients have access to data provided by the nonprofit group Virginia Health Information. After numerous resolutions by the Virginia Senate since 1999, the prospective Virginia medical consumer now has access to several annual publications: Virginia Hospitals: A Consumer's Guide, 1999 Annual Report and Strategic Plan Update, and the 1999 Industry Report: Virginia Hospitals and Nursing Facilities. Consumers have access to cardiac outcomes data stratified by hospital, gender, and cardiac service line (cardiac surgery, noninvasive cardiology, and invasive cardiology). This is particularly relevant to IHI because Virginia Health Information specifically targets cardiac care. IHI has a sizable investment in cardiovascular outcomes and has found outcomes measurement and research are key to providing quality care. IHI's goal is to move from an outcomes management model to a disease management model. The hope is to incorporate all aspects of the patient's continuum of care, from preoperative and diagnostic services through cardiac interventions to postoperative rehabilitation. Furthermore, every step along the way will be supported with functional status and quality of life assessments. Although these goals are ambitious and expensive, the return on investment is high.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed2006

Family nurse practitioner students utilization of Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs): implications for practice.

Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) are a readily accessible source of information to aid in the delivery of patient care. A pilot group of five Family Nurse Practitioner students used PDAs to organize data and access information relevant to patient care. Utilization of the PDAs in the clinical setting provided practice guidelines, textbook information and protocols that were readily accessible. The PDA made it possible for students to utilize preexisting knowledge with additional learning resources. The PDAs were purchased with funds provided from a United States Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) grant.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

Implications of the National Practitioner Data Bank for nurse practitioners.

The National Practitioner Data Bank is a new federal repository of data on malpractice payments and adverse actions taken against the clinical privileges and licenses of all health care practitioners. This article summarizes the law governing the data bank and its implications for nurse practitioners. Specific reporting requirements are discussed, as well as guidelines for those who must and those who can access the data bank. This article also explains how NPs are notified when reports are made and gives methods for correcting errors in reports.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1986

[ENT computerized medical history documentation. Report of experiences over 15 years].

The results of 15 years of automated data processing are evaluated, and methods used in the beginning are compared with present-day procedures. The standardisation of E.N.T. case histories, and direct access to data files (34 500 case histories) created a well functioning base for scientific research. Nevertheless, many problems had to be solved first; such as loss of data through careless manipulation, inadequate coding (analog data), insufficiency of date definition, as well as a reluctance to fill in questionnaires properly. The advent of increasingly user-friendly hardware and software has done much to narrow the gap between physician and computer. This is clearly demonstrated by the increased use of the E.N.T. data bank for research in the last few years.

Computers↗
PubMed1997

Make2ddb: a simple package to set up a two-dimensional electrophoresis database for the World Wide Web.

Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) has become a highly reproducible protein separation technique that currently serves as the main basis for proteome research and in particular for protein identification. Also, the Internet provides large utilities for exchanging data, and we can observe increased interest among scientists to build remote 2-DE databases, since many members of the concerned community are now able to access the data. By preparing the data and programs that are required to create a federated 2-DE database, the Make2ddb package, described here, helps to build such a database on the user own World Wide Web site.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of the use of CD-ROM upload into the PACS or institutional web server.

PURPOSE: Patient data are increasingly distributed between hospitals using CD-ROMs instead of actual films. This introduces problems because different viewers from different vendors are provided, and sometimes viewers are unusable because local software installation is not allowed. In 2004, we started to facilitate the incorporation of CD-ROM data into the normal workflow of the hospital by using commercially available software to perform patient reconciliation based on the DICOM (digital imaging and communication in medicine) modality worklist. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate this new procedure. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A questionnaire was sent to all users to evaluate the satisfaction with the current facility and to evaluate possible improvements. Several quality parameters on speed and satisfaction were rated on a 5-point scale (1 = bad to 5 = excellent). RESULTS: Replies from 17 different respondents were evaluated, accounting for an average of 76 CD-ROMs per week. Mean (median) results showed a score of 3.6 (4) for handling time, 3.4 (4) for archival of second opinion data, 3.8 (median 4) for archival of external data onto the web server, and 4.5 (median 5) for the overall performance of the current procedure. CONCLUSION: Although some improvements can be made, storage of the study data from CDs from outpatients into PACS (picture archiving and communication system) and web server already provides for an existing need. Using this service, physicians can access the data with ease and familiarity. User satisfaction with the provided solution is high.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed1992

Dynamic arrays for fast, efficient, data manipulation during image analysis: a new software tool for exploratory data analysis.

Memory reallocation is used to construct a run-time data structure for fast/efficient storage of information during collection and analysis. The data structure presented uses dynamic memory but does not require the use of pointers to link nodes of information together. It allows for simple and efficient access to data via array indexing rather than through the use of lists or tree structures and it provides flexibility for competing storage requirements that are determined dynamically. The data structure is developed in the C programming language and a suite of ANSI standard C subroutines that make up a run-time data structure management system is provided.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2003

Clinical databases and data protection: are they compatible?

In the current climate of clinical governance and audit, and in the setting of an active academic unit, an effective clinical database is an invaluable tool. In this article, we will present our neurovascular database, discuss the issues related to setting up the ideal clinical database, discuss the problems related to accurate data input and review the legal requirements of data protection. The success of a clinical database is reflected by the completeness of the data, the accessibility of the information and how useful it has proven to be. After 4 years of experimentation we currently use a database designed on Microsoft Access. The form is a single page. Junior medical staff input the information as medical staff have been found to be the most reliable personnel for data input in terms of accuracy. However, time is generally in short supply amongst this group. For our purposes, the ideal database is one that is simple, that can be used to flag up cases, rather than provide all of the information and ensures a complete dataset. The arrival of the UK 1998 Data Protection Act has put many clinical databases and registries in jeopardy, and introduced further bureaucracy to research. We discuss the Act and its interpretation by the General Medical Council, Medical Research Council, British Medical Association, Department of Health and our own trust with respect to databases and research.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗