Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “additive”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Development of casting investment preventing blackening of noble metal alloys part 3. Effect of reducing agent addition on the strength and expansion of the investments.

Different reducing agents (B, Al, Si and Ti) were individually added to two gypsum-bonded investments to prepare investments preventing surface blackening of some noble cast alloys. The effect of different additive contents on green-body and burnout compressive strength, setting and thermal expansion of the investments were evaluated. The strength and expansion of the investments were changed by the additives. The compressive strength of Al-, Si- and Ti-added investments decreased with the increase of additive contents. The burnout strength of B-added investments significantly increased while green-body strength remained unchanged. The setting expansion of the B-added investments increased while those of the Al-, Si- and Ti-added investments decreased with the increase of additive contents. The thermal expansion of the Si- and Ti-added investments decreased, and that of the Al- and B-added investments remained unchanged. Further study is necessary to evaluate the effects of these additives on the accuracy of dental castings.

Aluminum↗
PubMed2004

Mutational analysis of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated N-nucleotide addition in V(D)J recombination.

The addition of nontemplated (N) nucleotides to coding ends in V(D)J recombination is the result of the action of a unique DNA polymerase, TdT. Although N-nucleotide addition by TdT plays a critical role in the generation of a diverse repertoire of Ag receptor genes, the mechanism by which TdT acts remains unclear. We conducted a structure-function analysis of the murine TdT protein to determine the roles of individual structural motifs that have been implicated in protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions important for TdT function in vivo. This analysis demonstrates that the N-terminal portion of TdT, including the BRCA-1 C-terminal (BRCT) domain, is not required for TdT activity, although the BRCT domain clearly contributes quantitatively to N-nucleotide addition activity. The second helix-hairpin-helix domain of TdT, but not the first, is required for activity. Deletional analysis also suggested that the entire C-terminal region of TdT is necessary for N-nucleotide addition in vivo. The long isoform of TdT was found to reduce N-nucleotide addition by the short form of TdT, but did not increase nucleotide deletion from coding ends in either human or rodent nonlymphoid cells. We consider these results in light of the recently reported structure of the catalytic region of TdT.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Association of additional health risks on medical charges and prevalence of diabetes within body mass index categories.

PURPOSE: The prevalence of obesity and diabetes continues to increase among employee populations. Although medical costs and the prevalence of diabetes have been studied across increasing body mass index (BMI) categories, little attention has been given to the association of additional health risks within those categories. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of health risk levels on medical charges and prevalence of diabetes across BMI categories within an employee population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design utilized health risk appraisal data (30% response rate) to measure BMI levels, self-reported diabetes status, and selected additional health risks among 38,841 active employees under age 65 of the General Motors Corporation. Associated average annual medical charges from 1996 to 2000 were calculated for defined health risk levels across five BMI categories (< 18.5; 18.5-24.9, 25-29.9, 30-34.9, and > 35). RESULTS: Higher medical charges were significantly associated with additional health risks (zero risks to four or more risks) across each of the BMI categories: $2689 to $7576 (< 18.5); $2655 to $6555 (18.5-24.9); $3239 to $7118 (25-29.9); $3579 to $7758 (30-34.9); and $4151 to $8075 (> or = 35). Likewise, higher prevalence of diabetes was significantly associated with additional health risks (zero risks to four or more risks) across the BMI categories: 2.6% to 7.0% (< 18.5); 1.3% to 2.7% (18.5-24.9); 2.4% to 5.3% (25-29.9); 5.5% to 8.3% (30-34.9); and 7.7% to 15.8% (> or = 35). DISCUSSION: Medical costs and the prevalence of diabetes were lower when the numbers of additional health risks were lower, regardless of the BMI category. Programs to promote weight management have largely been unsuccessful in maintaining long-term weight control. The current results suggest that a strategy focused on reducing health risks within any weight category could provide an alternative strategy to achieve medical cost savings and a lower prevalence of diabetes. The implied benefits of risk reduction within BMI categories would need to be confirmed with a longitudinal study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Medicare program; additions to and deletions from the current list of covered surgical procedures for ambulatory surgical centers--HCFA. Final notice with comment period.

This final notice with comment period implements section 1833(i)(1) of the Social Security Act, which requires, in part, that the list of covered ambulatory surgical center (ASC) procedures be reviewed and updated at least every 2 years. This notice announces the specific additions to and deletions from the list of surgical procedures for which facility services are covered when the procedures are performed in a Medicare-participating ASC, as well as the assigned payment groups for each addition. The notice also announces a change in our criteria for deleting procedures from the ASC list. This notice also responds to public comments received in response to our proposed notice published December 14, 1993 (58 FR 65357). In that notice, we requested comments on the proposed additions to and deletions from the list of covered surgical procedures for ASCs; the proposed quantitative change in our deletion criteria; the development of alternatives to the proposed quantitative deletion criteria; and the assignment of payment groups for each addition. Finally, this notice solicits public comment on certain additions to and deletions from the ASC list that had not been suggested in our December 1993 proposed notice. It also solicits public comment on the assignment of payment groups for certain new procedure codes.

Medicare↗
PubMed1999

Relationship between age and presbyopic addition using a sample of 3,645 examinations from a single private practice.

BACKGROUND: This study uses information collected in a private optometric practice to describe the relationship between age and the add power needed to correct presbyopia. METHODS: Computer-assisted data analysis with a database management program, Q&A, and Microsoft Excel was used to assess the relationship between age and presbyopic addition. Data collected from 3,645 examinations by one practitioner in a single private practice--over a period of approximately 23 years--were entered into the database. The patient base was primarily white and about equally divided between the sexes. The practitioner generally used the fused cross cylinder for the tentative presbyopic addition and refined this by patient preference and best visual acuity at near, all using a carefully determined near working distance. RESULTS: The presbyopic addition increased rapidly in patients from ages 40 to 50 years, the rate at age 40 being about 0.22 diopters per year and the average rate during the 40- to 50-year-old decade being about 0.12 diopters per year, or approximately 0.25 diopters every 2 years. After the patient reaches 50 years of age, the presbyopic addition increased more slowly, at the rate of approximately 0.03 diopters per year--or approximately 0.25 diopters in 8 years. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative data taken from more than 3,600 refractions showed a nearly parabolic relationship between age and presbyopic addition from approximately the age of 40 to 75 years.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Change of spontaneous reaction of glue and lipiodol mixture during embolization after the addition of tungsten powder: in vitro study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We have noted that glue-Lipiodol mixtures harden prematurely in the catheter during embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations. However, we observed that hardening of this embolic material does not occur when tungsten powder is added to the glue mixture. In order to clarify the effect of tungsten powder on the glue mixture, we evaluated the reaction time and hardness of the glue mixture in vitro after the addition of tungsten powder. We also measured the pH of the tungsten solution. METHODS: Six lots of Lipiodol and three lots of Histoacryl Blue were mixed in a 5-cc bottle with a 50% to 25% glue concentration (glue:Lipiodol = 1:1 to 1:3) and this mixture was observed for 2 weeks. The hardness of the polymerized glue mixture was categorized as liquid, gel, semi-solid, or solid. Various series of experiments were performed after the addition of tungsten powder (0.2 g) and blood (a drop) into the glue mixture. We also separately mixed tungsten and tantalum powder in tubes, each with 5 mL of distilled water, and then measured the pH of these three times. The mixed amounts of tungsten and tantalum ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 mg. RESULTS: In a 50% glue concentration, the glue mixture turned into a solid cast within 48 hours. In a 25% concentration, the glue mixture turned into gel within 24 hours. The casts became solid in the 50% and gelled in the 25% concentration, and solid or gel in 28% and 33% glue mixture concentrations. The addition of tungsten powder to 50% and 25% glue mixture concentrations caused the glue mixtures to remain in a liquid state for 2 weeks regardless of the Lipiodol products used. Measurement of acidity achieved using a pH meter in 5 cc of distilled water with tungsten powder (0.1 to 0.5 g) revealed a change of pH from 3.5 to 2.6 according to the amount of tungsten added. Tantalum revealed weak acidity, with a pH range from 6.4 to 5.7. The addition of blood immediately caused the mixture to become solid in 50% and semi-solid in 25% glue concentrations. CONCLUSION: The reaction time of the glue mixture differed according to the lot number of the Lipiodol. The addition of tungsten powder appeared to prevent premature cast formation by decreasing the pH with a mechanism similar to that of adding acetic acid.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed2001

Effect of GDNF on neuroblast proliferation and photoreceptor survival: additive protection with docosahexaenoic acid.

PURPOSE: In a previous study, it was reported that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is essential to postpone apoptosis and to promote differentiation of rat retina photoreceptors in vitro. In the current study, the protective effects of GDNF on photoreceptor cells during development in vitro and its action when combined with DHA were investigated. METHODS: Rat retina neuronal cultures were incubated in a chemically defined medium, either without photoreceptor survival factors or supplemented with GDNF, DHA, or GDNF plus DHA. Evolution of survival, apoptosis, opsin expression, mitochondrial functioning, and cell proliferation were investigated at different times of development in vitro. RESULTS: Incubation with GDNF selectively increased the number of surviving photoreceptors, reduced their apoptosis, and augmented opsin expression. Proliferative cell nuclei antigen (PCNA) determination and addition of [(3)H]-thymidine or bromodeoxyuridine showed that GDNF promoted neuroblast proliferation during the first hours of development in vitro. The combined addition of GDNF and DHA enhanced opsin expression and photoreceptor survival in an additive manner. The advance of photoreceptor apoptosis in cultures without trophic factors correlated with an increased impairment in mitochondrial functionality. Addition of GDNF and DHA significantly diminished the loss of mitochondrial activity. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that GDNF stimulated the cell cycle progression, leading to neuroblast proliferation at early stages of development, and delayed the onset of apoptosis later on, improving differentiation and acting as a trophic factor for photoreceptors. The combination of GDNF with DHA had an additive effect both on photoreceptor survival and on opsin expression. Preservation of mitochondrial function may be involved in the antiapoptotic effect of both factors.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

The efficacy and safety of additional bypass graft during isolated coronary artery bypass grafting.

In 19 patients with an undesirable hemodynamic condition (n=15) or with regional asynergy and coexistent ST-T change (n=4) during isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery, one (n=17) or two (n=3) additional saphenous vein grafts were placed onto left anterior descending (LAD) (n=16), right (n=4), and left circumflex (LCx) (n=2) coronary arteries. Diagnosis of the cause of the suboptimal condition was insufficient graft flow in 16 patients, and spasm of the ungrafted coronary artery in 3. Additional myocardial ischemic time was 17 9 minutes, and the graft flow was 59 25 ml/min. Additional bypass was effective in 94.5%. Eighteen patients could be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass, and 17 (89.5%) survived and were discharged from hospital. Median duration of mechanical ventilatory support and intensive care unit stay was 15 hours and 4 days, respectively. During 63 44 months follow-up, the additional graft was occluded and the treadmill test was positive for ischemia in 2 patients, and one child patient is now considered for redo CABG. Placement of additional bypass grafts thus appeared to be an effective and relatively safe strategy, although the decision has to be made cautiously.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Sympathetic block in dogs by a local anesthetic with addition of clonidine].

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to examine the duration and magnitude of vasodilating effect induced by sympathetic block with the addition of different concentrations of clonidine to mepivacaine. METHODS: In dogs, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and right as well as left brachial artery blood flow (BABF) were measured before and after stellate ganglion block (SGB) used as sympathetic block. The experimental protocol was designed as follows: 1) Group 1: left SGB using 0.5% mepivacaine 1 ml (n = 6), 2) Group 2: left SGB using the addition of clonidine 0.5 microgram to 0.5% mepivacaine 1 ml (n = 6), 3) Group 3: left SGB using the addition of clonidine 5 micrograms to 0.5% mepivacaine 1 ml (n = 6). RESULTS: MAP showed no significant change throughout the study in the groups 1 and 2. In the group 3, MAP was lower than that of the group 1. HR showed no significant change throughout the study in the three groups. Left BABF increased significantly after left SGB in the three groups. The duration of increased BABF in the group 2 was the longest, and that in the group 3 was the shortest among them. Right BABF after left SGB decreased significantly throughout the study in the three groups, and the magnitude of the decrease in BABF in the group 3 was the highest among them. CONCLUSION: Sympathetic block with the addition of clonidine to local anesthetics increases both duration and magnitude of its vasodilating effect. However, sympathetic block with the addition of higher doses of clonidine to local anesthetics may induce shorter duration and lower magnitude of vasodilating effect compared with local anesthetics alone.

Analgesics↗
PubMed2002

[Effects of H2O2 addition on cell growth and product formation in long-chain dicarboxylic acid fermentation].

When Candida tropicalis was cultivated in shakig-flask with the H2O2 addition, DCA (Dicarboxylic Acid, DCA) concentration was increased, especially at 2 mmol/L H2O2 concentration. The cytochrome P450 activity assays indicated that H2O2 addition significantly increased the activities of cytochrome P450 and DCA production positively correlated with the activities of cytochrome P450. The study on the cell growth demonstrated that the H2O2 addition inhibited the cell growth rate. However, the retarding effect was not irreversible since the cell growth rate could recover slowly to the original level after the H2O2 addition was halted. The mechanism of inducement on cytochrome P450 by H2O2 addition was also discussed in this article.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed2002

[Effect of iron oxides addition on organic acids content in paddy soil].

The addition of ferrihydrite into paddy slurries significantly reduced the concentration of acetate. In fresh paddy soil, due to the competitive consumption for acetate by addition of ferrihydrite, the concentration of acetate was reduced to 10-20 mumol.L-1 after 5d anaerobic incubation. However, in control slurries, the acetate concentration was still as high as more than 1200 mumol.L-1. In soil produced low acetate, the acetate was completely consumed by addition of ferrihydrite, resulting in a full inhibition of methane formation. Also, the application of lepidocrocite reduced methane genesis, but the reductive effect was less than ferrihydrite. The acetate was largely accumulated during a short-term anaerobic incubation from 1 to 10 days by hematite addition, but at the same time, the methane genesis was not extensively increased. The propionate concentration was also reduced under anaerobic incubation by addition of different iron oxides such as ferrihydrite, lepidocrocite and aluminum-substituted goethite, and the inhibitory effect was in order of ferrihydrite > lepidocrocite > Al-substituted goethite. The types and contents of organic acids in fresh soil were greatly different from those being incubated for 11 weeks under an anaerobic condition.

Fatty Acids↗
PubMed1992

Effect of additive solutions on platelet biochemistry.

Use of a synthetic medium for resuspension and storage of platelets has several advantages. In addition to the opportunity to save plasma, the use of a synthetic medium offers better possibilities for obtaining platelet products by automatic component processing in a more cost-effective and convenient manner. A synthetic medium also has the potential to avoid transfusion reactions caused by noncompatible plasma proteins and to improve platelet quality, which will lessen the number of units needed in transfusion. Platelets produce a substantial amount of lactic acid by metabolism of glucose. Thus, risk of pH fall is a major problem which platelet additive solutions must address. Two approaches have been used: (1) use of a glucose-free medium, and (2) use of a glucose-containing medium with a buffer system to neutralize the production of lactic acid. Using various synthetic media described in the literature, studies described in this paper suggest that some glucose is needed in the final suspending medium in order to obtain satisfactory maintenance of platelet quality during 5 days of storage. With the presence of acetate in the additive solution, platelet respiration is increased and glycolysis substantially decreased; therefore, with 10-20% of CPD-plasma carryover, sufficient glucose may be present in the final suspending medium to last for 5 days of storage. In addition, phosphate in the additive solution markedly enhances platelet glycolysis, and inhibitors of platelet activation reduce platelet metabolic activity and improve platelet viability and function.

Acetates↗
PubMed2003

The effect of the addition of different fibres on the transverse and impact strength of acrylic resin denture base material.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the addition of different types of fibres on the transverse and impact strength of acrylic resin denture base material. The addition of glass fibres (strand) and polyethylene fibres produced a non significant increase in the modulus of elasticity, compared with the control of conventional heat-cured acrylic resin. The addition of glass fibres (woven and strand), polyethylene and carbon fibres to acrylic resin produced a non significant increase in the modulus of rupture. The addition of carbon, glass (strand) and polyethylene fibres produced a significant increase in the impact strength. Within the limitations of this study the addition of silk fibres did not produce an improvement in the mechanical properties.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Facilitative effect of pulsed addition of dibutyryl cAMP on the acrosome reaction of noncapacitated human spermatozoa.

The in vitro acrosome reaction of noncapacitated human spermatozoa was induced by both calcium ionophore (A23187) and dibutyryl adenosine cyclic monophosphate (Bu2cAMP), a membrane permeant cyclic nucleotide analog, in a dose-dependent manner. Maximal frequencies of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa above baseline values (12%; 90% confidence limits = 10.6 to 14.2%) were similar for Bu2cAMP and A23187 (24.5% and 25.1%, respectively). The concentration of Bu2cAMP required for a half-maximal response was 14.3 mumol/L, while that for A23187 was 24.5 pmol/L. The ability of A23187 to induce the acrosome reaction depended on the presence of calcium ion in the incubation medium. The A23187-induced reaction was prevented by the inclusion of human serum albumin in the medium; the inhibitory effect of albumin was partially reversed after preincubation of spermatozoa for 3 hours under capacitating conditions. In contrast, the Bu2cAMP-induced acrosome reaction was unaffected by either Ca2+ or albumin. Pulsed addition of Bu2cAMP enhanced the frequency of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa. This effect appeared to be influenced by pulse frequency: additions made every 5 minutes produced a greater maximal response than additions made every 2 minutes or every 15 minutes. The maximum theoretical acrosome reaction above baseline values (12%) was 88% of the total number of cells, accounting for almost the entire sperm population. Pulsed addition of A23187 did not increase the frequency of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa above values obtained from single equimolar additions of this agent. These data indicate that: (1) intracellular mechanisms for the human acrosome reaction are functional in noncapacitated spermatozoa; (2) the acrosome reaction can be separated from the process of capacitation; and (3) the acrosome reaction is affected by the pattern, as well as the type, of activation.

Acrosome↗
PubMed2003

Upgrading of the biotreatment in a pharmaceutical industry with activated carbon addition.

The impact of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on the biotreatment of a chemical synthesis wastewater emerging from a pharmaceutical industry was studied. The aim of this addition was to decrease inhibitory and non-biodegradable organics. In the first step, PAC was directly added to activated sludge. In the next step, the wastewater was first contacted with PAC and then treated in an activated sludge reactor. COD, oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectral measurements were carried out for the evaluation of performance. Direct PAC addition and PAC pretreatment led to similar results, but direct PAC addition was considered more practical than pretreatment with PAC. With the addition of PAC, the level of non-biodegradable matter and the colour of the wastewater were significantly reduced. In any case, the addition of PAC increased the OUR of activated sludge, indicating that inhibition could be decreased. The combined evaluation of OUR, spectral parameters and COD gave a better insight into the processes taking place than the COD parameter alone.

Bioreactors↗
PubMed2004

Coping with disasters: estimation of additional capacity of the mental health sector to meet extended service demands.

BACKGROUND: The September 11th disaster in New York City resulted in an increase in mental health service delivery as a vast network of providers responded to the urgent needs of those impacted by the tragedy. Estimates of current capacity, potential additional capacity to deliver services and of potential shortfall within the mental health sector are needed pieces of information for planning the responses to future disasters. AIMS OF THE STUDY: Using New York State data, to determine the distribution of clinical service delivery rates among programs and to examine an explanatory model of observed variation; to estimate potential additional capacity in the mental health sector; and to estimate shortfall based on this capacity and data from studies on the need and use of services post September 11th METHODS: Empirical distributions of weekly clinical service delivery rates in programs likely to be used by persons with post disaster mental health problems were obtained from available data. Three regression models were fit to explain rate variation in terms of unmodifiable program characteristics likely to impact the rates. We argue that rates could not be easily increased if any of the models had good explanatory power, and could be increased if it did not. All models had poor fit. We then assumed that the median and 75th percentile of the clinical service delivery rates were candidates for the minimum production capability of a clinician. The service rates of those clinicians whose rates fell below these quartiles were increased to the quartile value to yield estimates of potential additional capacity. These were used along with data on clinical need to estimate shortfall. RESULTS: There is substantial variation in clinical service delivery rates within impact regions and among programs serving different age populations. The estimate of the percent increase in services overall based on the median is 12% and based on the 75th percentile is 27%. Using an estimate of need of.03 suggested by available data, and a range of services (1-10) that might be required in a six month period, shortfall estimates based on the median ranged between 22-92% and for the 75th percentile from no shortfall to 86%. A less conservative estimate of need of.05 produces median shortfall ranging between 59-96% and for the 75th percentile between 10-91%. LIMITATIONS: While the program descriptor variables used in the explanatory model of rates were those most likely to impact rates, explanatory power of the model might have increased if other characteristics that are not modifiable had been included. In this case, the assumption that service production can be increased is called into question. IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH CARE PROVISION AND USE: In the first six months post September 11th, in New York State (NYS) 250,000 persons received crisis counseling through Project Liberty. In 1999, NYS served approximately that same number in mental health clinic programs during the entire year. The estimates of this study suggest that additional funding and personnel are needed to provide mental health services in the event of a major disaster. IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH POLICIES: A disaster plan is needed to coordinate the use of current and additional personnel including mental health resources from other sources and sectors.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Influence of liquid ceramic additive on binding of heavy metal during the vitrification of fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerator].

Vitrification process can effectively control the leachability of heavy metals in fly ash generated from municipal solid waste incinerator (MWSI). The use of liquid ceramic (LC) additive as a heavy metal chemical stabilization agent was evaluated for MSWI fly ash. The residuals of chromium, lead and zinc in slag increase by different degree with liquid ceramic additive at 1400 degrees C, while those of cadmium and copper decreases. The migrating characteristic of nickel is hardly affected by the additive less than 10%. The volatilization of Cr and Zn occurs after 61 minute with 10% addition of LC, and the binding efficiency of Cr decreases with increasing of melting temperature. The results indicate that the binding efficiency of heavy metals was affected greatly by LC additive and showed significant differences according to type of heavy metal during melting process. The short melting time (no longer than 33 min) is useful to obtain high binding efficiency of heavy metals.

Carbon↗
PubMed1992

Two-dimensional electrophoretic analyses of cod (Gadus morhua, L.) whole muscle proteins, water-soluble fraction and surimi. Effect of the addition of CaCl2 and MgCl2 during the washing procedure.

Samples from pre- and post-rigor cod mince, surimi (a concentrate of fish myofibrillar proteins obtained after washing and dewatering the fish mince) and water from the first wash in the surimi manufacture, processed with and without the addition of 7.5 mM CaCl2 and 15 mM MgCl2, were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The results showed that the main myofibrillar proteins, including myosin, actin and tropomyosin, remained in the surimi. Several other proteins were selectively removed during the washing procedure. Some additional major spots were detected in the two-dimensional gels containing samples of the wash water and surimi processed with the addition of Ca2+ and Mg2+ salts. These spots were either absent or present in minor amounts in the samples of post-rigor cod mince, wash water and surimi processed without Ca2+ and Mg2+ salts and in all the pre-rigor samples. This induced us to suggest that the new additional spots may constitute fragments of proteins originated by increased proteolytic activity during the surimi manufacture upon the addition of the Ca2+ and Mg2+ salts. Two-dimensional electrophoresis has proved to be a valuable tool to quickly and easily assess the effect of different processing conditions on the protein content of the products.

Animals↗