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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Traumatic arteriovenous malformation of the eyelid.

Traumatic arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are formed by an abnormal and usually complex communication between arteries and veins. In contrast to congenital AVMs which occur most commonly in the head and neck, traumatic AVMs are usually reported in the extremities and are commonly the result of military conflicts. In 1757, William Hunter delivered his classical treatise on true and false aneurysms and described a traumatic fistula between the brachial artery and vein following phlebotomy. Approximately thirty cases of acquired traumatic AVMs of the facial region appear in the literature. Only two cases of acquired AVMs of the eyelid region have been reported--one of a post inflammatory origin and one which developed spontaneously. This paper presents the case of a large traumatic AVM of the right lower eyelid along with a discussion of the principles and management of these vascular lesions.

Arteriovenous Malformations↗
PubMed1982

Effect of hypertension on lipid metabolism and beta-oxidation in rat aorta and brain microvessels.

The effects of hypertension on various enzyme activities involved in lipid metabolism and beta-oxidation in rat brain microvessels and aorta were studied. The purity of the brain microvessel preparation was confirmed immunologically and microscopically. Activities involved in lipid synthesis, such as triacylglycerol synthesizing activity, acyl-CoA synthesizing activity, acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase and cytidine diphosphate choline:1,2-diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase, were significantly higher in brain microvessels than in aorta in both normotensive and hypertensive rats; lipid hydrolyzing activities, such as lipases and cholesterol esterases, were similar in the two preparations. beta-oxidation in brain microvessels was more active than in aorta in both groups. Hypertension did not alter these enzyme activities in either aorta or brain microvessels, or change beta-oxidation in the aorta. However beta-oxidation in brain microvessels was significantly lower in hypertensive rats than in normotensive rats. These results suggest that brain microvessels are metabolically more active than aorta, and that their beta-oxidation activity is more susceptible to effects of hypertension. Reduced beta-oxidation in brain microvessels might lead to angionecrosis by derangement of energy production, which in turn may cause cerebral bleeding.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A study of the artrial arteries in man.

The arterial blood supply to the atria of 40 human hearts has been studied using a clearing technique which leaves the anatomy of the heart intact. The general arrangement of the atrial arteries is described. The arterial supplies to the S.A. and A.V. nodes are considered in more detail as these ar probably the most important and most consistent vessels found. In over 50% of the hearts both the S.A. and A.V. nodes were supplied from branches of the right coronary artery. In only 7% were both nodes supplied by branches of the left coronary artery. In the remainder the S.A. node was supplied by one coronary artery and the A.V. node by the other, in either combination. The actual site of origin of the S.A. nodal artery varied considerably, but the single most common site (47%) was from the first part of the right coronary artery. The second most common site was from the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery (27%). The site of origin of the A.V. nodal artery was predominatly from the terminal part of the right coronary artery (80%), the remainder being supplied from the left. Some of the relatively large atrial vessels not primarily concerned with the supply of nodal tissue are described. A nomenclature has been suggested both for these and for the nodal arteries. There were many small and variable vessels that defied classification.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Luminal release of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 by arteries distal to small-caliber prosthetic grafts.

Myointimal hyperplasia distal to prosthetic grafts may be due to a local imbalance of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 that exaggerates platelet adherence. This study evaluated prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 production by arteries distal to prosthetic grafts. In 12 dogs, control segments of both iliac arteries were excised and a 5 cm segment of polytetrafluoroethylene was grafted end to end. One iliac artery was circumferentially dissected from the distal anastomosis to the inguinal ligament. The contralateral artery was not dissected. Of the 24 grafts, 19 remained patent and the arteries distal to these grafts were studied. After excision, each artery was analyzed for its ability to produce prostacyclin and thromboxane A2. Our data indicate that the luminal surface of a normal artery spontaneously produces both prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 and that the arterial wall distal to a prosthetic graft produces increased levels of these arachidonic acid metabolites. However, only those arteries not surgically dissected maintain a normal balance of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2. The dissected artery may thus be more susceptible to platelet interaction and myointimal hyperplasia.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Ultrastructural changes in the aorta following damage to the transport through the vessel wall].

Be the ligature of lymphatic vessels lymphostasis has been produced and the consequences of it in the myocardium were studied. Lymphatics of the myocardium in lymphostasis were compared with those in the normal one. It was found that the space between lymphatics and myocardial fibers filled mainly with connective tissue due to accumulation of oedema fluid enlarges and the collagen fibers disintegrate. At the same time accumulation of fluid and dilatation of lymphatics takes also place. Pinocytotic activity of endothelial cells increases. Due to oedema vacuolization of myocardial cells occurs. Disturbance of the capillary circulation leads to swelling of endothelial cells and narrowing the capillary lumen. This lies on the basis of hypoxia and fatty degeneration of the myocardium. The coronary vessels have also shown alterations. In the subendothelial space accumulation of plasma constituents, in the smooth muscle cells of the vessel wall oedema was found. Thus, lymphostasis in the myocardium results in significant alterations.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Age and variability in the blood vessels of the walls of the human iliac veins].

The investigation of the vascular bed in walls of the human iliac veins has been performed in 92 preparations obtained from embryos, children and mature persons of both sex by means of injection and non-injection methods. It has been stated that vascular bed in walls of the human iliac veins includes the intramural vessels both delivering and evacuating blood. Structural changes of the intramural bed in ontogenesis can be followed during three stages (development and differentiation, stabilization, involution).

Adolescent↗