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PubMed1998

Toothbrushes.

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Humans↗
PubMed1976

Plaque-removing effect of a toothbrush, dental floss, and a toothpick.

The ability of three different oral hygiene devices to remove 2-day-old bacterial deposits was evaluated on 21 young adults with healthy periodontia. On buccal tooth surfaces, the cleaning effect of a multitufted nylon brush was superior to that of a wooden toothpick or unwaxed dental floss. On lingual surfaces, the toothpick was as effective as the brush. On the visible portions of proximal surfaces, all three devices were equally efficient. A combined cleaning exercise with all three instruments together yielded significantly better results than did the use of each single device. Eight subjects were able to remove all disclosable deposits.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The reversal of localized experimental gingivitis. A comparison between mechanical toothbrushing procedures and a 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse.

Twenty dental students randomly divided into four groups of five participated in this trial. Three weeks of supervised oral hygiene preceded the study in order to ensure a optimum state of gingival health. The gingival condition was assessed by means of the Gingival Index and measurements of gingival exudate. Plaque accumulation was assessed by means of the Plaque Index. Using plaque-guards, two 21-day periods were alllowed for the induction of localized experimental gingivitis around a lateral incisor and adjacent canine in each jaw. The contralateral areas served as controls. Habitual oral hygiene procedures were maintained in all other areas of the mouth throughout the experimental periods. Following 21 days of localized plaque accumulation in the mandibular experimental areas, mechanical toothcleaning procedures were introduced at intervals of once a day (Group A), once every second day (Group B), once every third day (Group C) and once every fourth day (Group D). Groups A and B regained gingival health in 10 days. The experiment was then repeated in the maxillary experimental areas. Group A, rinsing once daily with chlorhexidine solution regained gingival health in 4 days. The results obtained in the localized experimental gingivitis model were similar to those reported when totally withdrawing oral hygiene.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Relative effectiveness of various alternating frequencies of a power toothbrush.

The influence on plaque-removing efficiency of the alternating frequency of a powered brush has never been established. In the present study, a mechanical brush was tested at various alternations per minute (F1 = 2100, F2 = 2500, F3 = 3500). A double-blind, randomized, triple crossover design was applied. After a plaque growth phase, the test brushes were used under supervision for 90 s and the remaining plaque scored. A ridit analysis yielded significant differences between F2 and F1/F3. Odds ratios and frequency distributions demonstrated a clinically meaningful advantage for F2. Subjective evaluation by the participants confirmed the positive performance of F2. The results can be generalized in 3 ways: (1) the alternating frequency of a power brush influences its effectiveness, (2) high frequencies are not generally superior, (3) the test brush has its optimal cleaning efficiency at F2, which does not necessarily need to be true for other brands. It seems imperative to determine the optimal frequency for any new brush in a controlled study.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1979

Survey of toothbrushing duration in 85 uninstructed English schoolchildren.

85 uninstructed children aged 11-13 years brushed their teeth and were unaware that they were recorded on video tape. By viewing the films, the time spent brushing in each of 16 areas of the dentition and the number of strokes used in each area were obtained. The mean overall brushing time was 60.3 s (+/- 23.8); the mean number of strokes used by each subject was 397 (+/- 224). More time was spent and more strokes employed brushing mandibular than maxillary arches, labial and buccal than occlusal areas, and occlusal than lingual areas. The percentages of time spent and number of strokes used brushing lingual areas were low.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Results of 10 years of supervised fluoride toothbrushing in Rygge, Norway.

At the annual examination in 1978 of 141 patients born in 1962, DMFS, sound teeth and the number of erupted permanent teeth were registered. The number of filled tooth surfaces per child per year was compared for the period 1967--78. The average number of erupted teeth in 1978 was 27.3 of which 69 were sound (mean = 18.9). The average DMFS score was 14.3 and decayed surfaces equaled 2.0. The mean number of filled tooth surfaces per year dropped from 6.1 in 1968 to 1.2 in 1978. The need for annual recall and examination routines at the dental clinics are questioned. More attention should be paid to preventive care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of caries prevalence 7 years after discontinuation of school-based fluoride rinsing or toothbrushing in Norway.

The purpose of this study was to compare caries prevalence in two groups of 21-yr-olds 6-7 yr after discontinuation of school-based preventive programs consisting respectively of fortnightly rinsing or brushing 3-5 times per year with NaF solutions. Stratified random samples of 125 persons were drawn from appropriate population registers. Non-response was 30%. Blind clinical and radiographic examinations were carried out and the subjects were interviewed concerning their dental health related behavior. The results revealed significantly lower mean DMFS score in the rinsing than in the brushing group (P less than 0.001). Comparisons with results of other studies suggest persistence of benefits of school-based preventive programs after discontinuation.

Adult↗