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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Bilateral delta phalanx of the proximal phalanges of the great toes. A report on an affected family.

The condition known as delta phalanx (or longitudinally bracketed epiphysis) is a rare congenital anomaly first described in 1964. The deformity consists of a triangular bone with an epiphysis running along the shortened side of the phalanx in a proximal to distal direction, making longitudinal growth of the digit impossible. Isolated hallux varus congenitus due to a delta phalanx of the proximal phalanges of both great toes is extremely rare: there have been only three such cases reported, two of which were in one family--the only report of a familial occurrence of this deformity. This present report details the occurrence of isolated bilateral hallux varus congenitus in four members of one family, a father and his three eldest children. All three children show bilateral delta phalanx of the proximal phalanges of both great toes. There are associated thumb nail anomalies, but no suggestion of polydactylism.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Skimboarder's toe: findings on high-field MRI.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose is to report hyperdorsiflexion injuries of the metatarsophalangeal joints associated with the sport of skimboarding and to describe the MRI appearance of these injuries. CONCLUSION: Skimboarding can be associated with hyperdorsiflexion injuries of the metatarsophalangeal joint. MRI shows that such injuries are associated with hyperdorsiflexion of the extensor hallucis longus or extensor digitorum longus tendon, causing tear of the extensor expansion. Unlike turf toe, in which the plantar plate is involved, skimboarder's toe involves structures dorsal to the metatarsophalangeal joint.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Prevalence of toe nail onychomycosis in diabetic patients.

Onychomycosis among diabetic patients has been reported in some studies to be of high prevalence. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of onychomycosis among diabetic patients at a Danish University Hospital. Clinical and mycological examinations were performed on type 1 and 2 diabetic patients from in- and out-patient clinics. A total of 271 patients were enrolled, 72% males, mean age 61.3 years, 26% of the patients had diabetes type 1. The prevalence of toe nail onychomycosis (positive culture and/or microscopy) was 22% (n = 59) of which 55 cases were caused by dermatophytes (93%) and 4 cases by yeasts (7%). A correlation was found between onychomycosis and age (p =0.02) and severity of nail changes (p <0.001), respectively. However, no significant correlation was found to gender, type of diabetes, lower extremity arterial disease, neuropathy, toe amputation or oedema. Onychomycosis occurred with a high prevalence in diabetic patients, especially among older patients and those with severe nail changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Levels of fluconazole in normal and diseased nails during and after treatment of onychomycoses in toe-nails with fluconazole 150 mg once weekly.

Thirty-six patients with onychomycoses of their toe-nails were included in a double-blind, parallel-group comparative study of fluconazole 150 mg once weekly and griseofulvin 1,000 mg once daily for 12 months, or earlier if cured. Every month during treatment and in cured patients 3 and 6 months after stop of treatment one toe-nail was clipped and serum samples were taken. In patients treated with fluconazole the concentration of fluconazole was measured in serum and nails. We found a very high concentration of fluconazole in nails (peak 8.54 micrograms/g) and the nail concentration was statistically significantly higher than serum concentrations (p < 0.001). In cured patients fluconazole was still present in high concentrations 3 (1.7 micrograms/g) and 6 (1.4 micrograms/g) months after stop of treatment. These results indicate that fluconazole should be effective in the treatment of onychomycosis in a dose of 150 mg once weekly. The results also indicate that the treatment period could be shortened because fluconazole is still present in high concentrations 6 months after stop of therapy. The concentration of fluconazole found in nails is much higher than that found in the case of terbinafine and itraconazole, indicating that fluconazole should be at least as effective as these drugs in the treatment of tinea unguium.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1989

Dermatitis of the face, yellow toe nail changes, hairy leukoplakia and oral candidiasis are clinical indicators of progression to AIDS/opportunistic infection in patients with HIV infection.

In a prospective longitudinal study of 89 men with HIV infection and persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) we tried to find clinical signs predictive of development to AIDS/opportunistic infection (OI). The mean observation time was 47 months. 27 patients (30%) developed AIDS/OI after a mean of 37 months. The estimated median time from diagnosis of PGL to AIDS/OI was 68 months. Four clinical signs of progression towards AIDS/OI were identified: dermatitis of the face, yellow toe nail changes, hairy leukoplakia and oral candidiasis. One or more of these signs were recorded in 25/27 (93%) of the patients before the development of AIDS/OI. The estimated median time from registration of each sign to AIDS/OI was: dermatitis of the face, 29 months; yellow toe nail changes, 21 months; hairy leukoplakia, 18 months; and oral candidiasis, 10 months. The estimated median time from herpes zoster to AIDS was only slightly shorter than the estimated time from diagnosis of PGL to AIDS/OI.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Bioavailability of phosphorus from various phosphates based on body weight and toe ash measurements.

Two experiments involving 1,152 turkeys were conducted to determine the relative bioavailability of phosphorus of eight phosphates from commercial and experimental sources. The basal diet, composed of 52% dehulled soybean meal and 41% ground yellow corn, contained 1.48% calcium and .44% total phosphorus. Phosphorus from the eight sources was added to the basal diet at levels of .09, .18, or .27% to form 24 diets with a constant calcium content. Each diet was fed to one pen of eight males and eight females from 1 to 4 wk of age in the first experiment and to two pens (one of each sex) of 16 poults/pen from 0 to 4 wk of age in the second experiment. Measurements of percentage ash of the middle toe pooled from all poults within a pen and of average body weight at 4 wk of age provided similar relative phosphorus availability values. With the phosphorus in monocalcium phosphate as the standard set at 100%, phosphorus from two sources of dicalcium phosphate and one source of defluorinated phosphate were found not significantly different in bioavailability (95, 105, and 103%, respectively). Phosphorus in curacao phosphate was only 55% available and in the three experimental defluorinated phosphates, phosphorus was 81, 70, and 87% available. Significant differences in bioavailability between two samples greater than 13 and 18% were found when using toe ash and body weight measurement, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A previously unreported etiology of trigger toe.

Trigger toe is a rare entity, with only a few cases reported in the literature. It is usually seen in ballet dancers as a result of compression of the flexor hallucis longus tendon in the tarsal tunnel beneath the medial malleolus. We report a case of trigger toe due to a constricting lesion on the extensor hallucis longus tendon.

Constriction, Pathologic↗
PubMed1991

Hallux hammer toe secondary to pseudomonas osteomyelitis.

The authors present two cases of resultant hallux hammer toe secondary to the definitive treatment of hallux sesamoidal osteomyelitis. Pseudomonas osteomyelitis developed in both cases following puncture wounds to the first metatarsophalangeal joint complex. The authors also review the literature on pseudomonas osteomyelitis secondary to puncture wounds and the development of hallux hammer toe after removal of the involved sesamoid bones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Chondrosarcomas of the proximal femur and large toe. 2 case reports].

This is a report on two patients in their eighth decade suffering from a chondrosarcoma in the proximal femur and in the big toe. The resection of 22 cm of the proximal femur and the replacement with a modular tumour prosthesis proved successful. The other patient had a tumour in the proximal phalanx of the big toe and wide resection of the first ray was performed. No patient gave evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Techniques for covering soft tissue defects resulting from plantar ulcers in leprosy: Part II--First toe web and dorsal foot flaps.

The first toe web flap consists of the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the contiguous sides between the great and second toes. It is based on the first dorsal metatarsal artery or the common plantar digital artery. This flap was used as artery pedicled island graft to reconstruct losses of skin and soft tissue cushion in the ball of the foot in the first and second metatarsal head region in 16 cases. Follow-up examination revealed that ulceration had recurred in one case due to dehiscence of the flap margin 12 months post-operatively. The other 15 patients have done well without recurrence at 48 to 124 months follow-up examination. The dorsal flap of the foot based on the dorsalis pedis artery, the corresponding veins and the deep peroneal nerve was designed in 1974 to resurface skin and soft tissue defects in the sole of the foot. This flap was used in 30 cases of leprosy with excellent results. During follow-up 36 to 120 months after surgery the plantar ulcer had recurred in only one case. All the others have done well. The long-term curative effect has thus proved satisfactory.

Foot Ulcer↗
PubMed2001

Electromyography in cycling: difference between clipless pedal and toe clip pedal.

The purpose of this study was to verify if there is electromyographic difference in biceps femoris (long portion), semitendinous, semimembranous and gastrocnemius (lateralis and medialis) muscles, using clipless pedal and toe clip pedal. Thirty seven triathletes answered a questionnaire about their preferred type of pedal, which showed that 5.4% used toe clip pedal and 94.6% used clipless pedal. Four male triathletes (age: 21.75 +/- 2.50 years old; cycling experience: 5.00 +/- 2.45 years; preferred cadence: 83.75 +/- 7.5 rpm) rode their own bicycles on a stationary roller at 100 rpm. The subjects performed one trial with each type of pedal. Bipolar surface electrodes placed on right lower limb picked up the EMG signal during 6 s. A band-pass filter (10-600 Hz) was used. Two muscles (semitendinous and semimembranous) presented lower activity with clipless pedal for all subjects. Biceps femoris and gastrocnemius lateralis presented lower activity with clipless pedal for three subjects. This led us to conclude that there is less electromyographic activity with the use of clipless pedal.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Free pulp flap of toe in repairing thee pulp defect of finger].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate a method in repairing pulp defects of thumb and finger. METHODS: To examine and analyze 19 case of pulp defect of thumb and finger repaired with free pulp flap of toe since 1987. RESULTS: All the transplanted pulp flaps in 19 cases are survived and are followed up from 3 months to 12 years. All the digits recovered good out appearance with normal skin creases and ridges. The two-point discriminations are 6-8 mm. The repaired thumb or finger are free of paint during pinching and grasping. The split thickness skin grafts on the donor toes yield no hypertrophic scar and no callousity occurred on the donor feet. No detrimental influence occurred on the donor feet. CONCLUSION: The free pulp flap transfer has obvious advantages than any other methods in repairing pulp defects of single finger by, first, good outward appearance, second, quality of the skin over donor flap is almost as rub resistant as recipient finger, third, anastomosis of the digital nerves give functional influence, finally, short rehabilitation period however, the operation requires microsurgical technique and has a risk of failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The dropped big toe.

Surgical procedures for exposure of the upper third of the fibula have been known to cause weakness of the long extensor of the big toe post-operatively. The authors present three representative cases of surgically induced dropped big toe. From cadaveric dissection, an anatomic basis was found for this phenomenon. The tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles have their origin at the proximal end of the leg and receive their first motor innervation from a branch that arises from the common peroneal or deep peroneal nerve at about the level of the neck of the fibula. However, the extensor hallucis longus muscle originates in the middle one-third of the leg and the nerves innervating this muscle run a long course in close proximity to the fibula for up to ten centimeters from a level below the neck of the fibula before entering the muscle. Surgical intervention in the proximal one-third of the fibula just distal to the origin of the first motor branch to the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles carries a risk of injury to the nerves innervating the extensor hallucis longus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

FDG-PET imaging in Merkel cell carcinoma - value of head-to-toe scan.

A 63-year-old man was diagnosed with metastatic MCC. Preliminary staging PET scan with 18F-FDG was not done at the time of diagnosis. After completion of chemo- and radiotherapy, the patient underwent a CT scan of the area from the maxilla to the ischium; no evidence of disease was noted. Clinically, the patient was considered to be in remission. The CT scan was followed by head-to-toe FDG-PET scanning which revealed foci of metastatic disease in the right mid- thigh and left proximal calf. This case demonstrates the added value of head-to-toe FDG-PET for the detection of distant metastases in MCC.

Carcinoma, Merkel Cell↗
PubMed1995

The effect of a toe cap and bias on perceived pain during cold water immersion.

Cold water immersion is an integral part of acute injury care. Despite tremendous success, the treatment causes discomfort, which may result in noncompliance. Two variables, including use of a neoprene toe cap and prior knowledge of the perceived sensations of pain gained through a therapeutic modalities class, were examined for their effects on the perception of cold. Thirty four subjects were recruited and underwent two 21-minute cold water immersion treatments (14 degrees C). During this time, each subject completed a McGill Pain Questionnaire every 3 minutes. The results from the questionnaire were analyzed using a Stepwise Discriminant Analysis Function with factored categories undergoing multivariate analysis. Factors distinguishing between the perceptions of cold for both variables were identified. The toe cap does reduce pain sensation during cold immersion. Taking a therapeutic modalities class resulted in a higher perception of the sensory component of pain. Those who had not taken such a class tended to score higher in responses to the affective pain component and the categories that represented a combination of pain components. By providing athletes with a greater understanding of perceived pain associated with cold treatments, compliance with treatments should be greater.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Blue toe syndrome.

Taking a precise history from a patient who presents with a "bruised" toe in the absence of trauma requires sharp assessment skills and an investigative nature. Looking beyond the obvious in an otherwise healthy appearing individual calls for knowledge of many different disease processes including blue toe syndrome. Rapid identification, proper diagnosis, and correct medical and nursing management are essential for a positive outcome.

Embolism↗
PubMed1990

[The significance of ungulocoriitis septica (traumatic) in the toe of the bovine claw].

Due to the specific anatomy at the toe of the claw, inflammation of the corium at this site is characterised by a rapid spread to the distal phalanx. Radiography is important for the diagnosis and essential for determining the prognosis. In the early stage of the condition, therapy consists of correct wound care and relieving the affected claw from weight-bearing by applying an orthopaedic shoe to the partner claw. Resection of the claw toe is indicated if there is evidence of osteolysis. The postoperative healing period frequently lasts more than two months; there is a tendency to hypergranulation. Deformation of the claw due to irregular horn growth following surgery may occur. Compared to the treatment by amputation, the economic life of the patient is longer following resection and there are no restrictions on use.

Animals↗