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Results for “Temporal Muscle”

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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Fundamental properties of the human lateral pterygoid muscle activity and quantitative observation in relation to vertical dimension and bite force].

The purpose of this study is to investigate the fundamental property of the superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPT) of the human beings. The experiments were performed on 6 subjects. Electromyographic activity of the superior head of LPT were simultaneously recorded with masseter, temporal and digastric muscle. The findings may be summarized as follows: 1. Superior head of LPT showed the maximum activity during closing and clenching. 2. Superior head of LPT showed remarkable tonic activity at rest position and notable activity during swallowing and passive retrusion. 3. Superior head of LPT activity was related to vertical dimension and bite force quantitatively, but such relationship was quite different from masseter and temporal muscle. 4. Jaw-jerk reflex was evoked by mechanical chin tap in the superior head of LPT, masseter and temporal muscle showing identical time course. 5. Periodontal excitatory reflex was evoked by mechanical tooth stimulation in the superior head of LPT and temporal muscle. From these findings it was concluded that superior head of LPT was qualitatively similar to but quantitatively distinct from jaw closing muscles such as masseter and temporal muscle.

Bite Force↗
PubMed1991

Spatial and temporal patterns of muscle cleavage in the chick thigh and their value as criteria for homology.

Regions of lower cell density, called cleavage zones, emerge within the dorsal and ventral muscle masses in the vertebrate limb to separate distinct muscles. In the chick thigh, the stereotyped patterns of separation have been broadly outlined, but differences in interpretation exist because no criteria for separation have been defined, and the tissues of the limb are indistinct early in development. We have examined the cleavage process using modern applications of light microscopy and immunocytochemistry to completely detail the spatial and temporal progression of cleavage in stage 27-32 embryos. We find that each muscle has a complex but characteristic pattern of separation along the proximodistal axis. The complex pattern of separation is not related to the positions of muscles within the thigh, locations of blood vessels, activity patterns of muscles, or innervation patterns. The initial separation patterns are more straightforward than later separations and may be of value in determining the phylogenetic history of limb muscles since the same patterns are common to many tetrapods. Our detailed documentation clarifies the ontogeny of the thigh musculature and reveals more complex separation patterns between muscles than previously described.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The deep temporal nerve-orbicularis oculi muscle pedicle as a possible means for reanimation of the upper face.

Selective reinnervation of paralyzed facial musculature using the ansa hypoglossi nerve-muscle pedicle has been shown to be feasible in laboratory animals and in people. Because this structure cannot be brought beyond the level of the orbicularis oris muscle, the deep temporal nerve-orbicularis oculi nerve-muscle pedicle was investigated in six human cadavers as a possible source for reanimation of the paralyzed upper face. These studies show that it is possible to create a nerve-muscle pedicle that can easily reach the orbicularis oculi muscle in all specimens. Interest in electrical control of paralyzed structures to reestablish facial expression may allow further application of our findings.

Facial Muscles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative anatomic study of mandibular growth in rats after bilateral resections of superficial masseter, posterior temporal, and anterior digastric muscles.

Bilateral resections of the superficial masseter, posterior temporal, and anterior digastric muscles of rats were done to determine their effects on mandibular growth. The macroscopic findings support the functional matrix theory of mandibular growth. The analysis of body weight and the statistical two-way analysis of variance done suggest that malnutrition was the main factor that caused the mandibles of rats in the experimental groups of remain undersized.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Spatial and temporal variability of blood flow in stimulated dog gastrocnemius muscle.

The distribution of blood flow in skeletal muscle stimulated to rhythmic isotonic contractions was studied by injections of radioactive microspheres into the arterial supply of gastrocnemius muscles (mean weight 88 g) subsequently cut into 0.5 g pieces for determination of radioactivity. The coefficient of variation (CV = SD/mean) of the ratio of simultaneously injected 10 microns and 15 microns microspheres, 0.12, was taken as the inherent scatter of the method. The average spatial distribution inequality of 10-15 microns microspheres corresponded to a CV of 0.45 and the specific local blood flow inhomogeneity to a CV = 0.43 (= square root of 0.45(2) - 0.12(2)), but there were marked differences between muscles. The temporal variability of blood flow in individual muscle pieces was obtained from the comparison of fractional trapping of 4 to 5 differently labeled microspheres injected at intervals of 2 minutes into steadily stimulated muscles. The mean CV for the variations in time was 0.23 and that corrected for methodological scatter, 0.19. There were large differences between muscle pieces within a muscle and between muscles. The presence of considerable spatial and temporal variations of blood flow in exercising muscle during apparent steady state may be important in limiting and/or modulating tissue O2 supply.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Temporal relationship between force, ATPase activity, and myosin phosphorylation during a contraction/relaxation cycle in a skinned smooth muscle.

The temporal relationship between myosin phosphorylation, contractile force and ATPase activity was studied in skinned preparations from the guinea-pig Taenia coli. When free Calcium concentration [( Ca2+]) was increased from pCa (-log[Ca2+]) 9 to pCa 4.5 at low calmodulin concentration (0.05 microM), ATPase activity and myosin light-chain phosphorylation rose quickly, while the increase in force and stiffness was delayed. The time-course of tension increase was faster at higher calmodulin concentrations (5 microM), although the maximal level of phosphorylation was unchanged. Lowering the calcium concentration from pCa 4.5 to pCa 9 at the plateau of contraction caused a rapid decrease in ATPase activity and in myosin phosphorylation, while force and stiffness decayed more slowly. The force decay could be accelerated by inorganic phosphate. These results suggest that, during contraction, force may be produced actively by phosphorylated and ATP-splitting crossbridges, but may be maintained by dephosphorylated crossbridges which cycle slowly. However, force could also be modulated by calmodulin and inorganic phosphate in a manner not involving an alteration in the extent of myosin phosphorylation.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1999

31P MRS studies of exercising human muscle at high temporal resolution.

Methods for measuring mitochondrial activity from 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy data collected during and after exercise were compared in controls, weight lifters, and peripheral vascular occlusive disease (PVOD) patients. There were trends toward increasing mitochondrial activity during exercise in order from PVOD patients, moderately active controls, highly active controls, to weight lifters. Results from PVOD patients show divergence of some measures due to 1) the non-exponential nature of phosphocreatine recovery, and 2) potential breakdown of [ADP] control of the mitochondria due to lack of oxygen (for Qmax calculation). These results demonstrate the utility of obtaining and directly analyzing high time resolution data rather than assuming monoexponential behavior of metabolite recovery.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1993

Electromyographic activity of human masticatory muscles in normal young people. Statistical evaluation of reference values for clinical applications.

Electromyographic activity of anterior temporal and masseter muscles was measured in 92 young healthy men and women with sound dentitions during rest position, contact in centric occlusion and clench. Male and female mean potentials were similar except in clench, where males had higher electromyographic levels. Mean pooled electromyographic potentials were 1.9 microV (TA) and 1.4 microV (MM) during rest position, 6.5 microV (TA) and 2.8 microV (MM) during contact in centric occlusion. Mean maximum voluntary clench potentials were 181.9 microV (TA) and 216.2 microV (MM) in men, 161.7 microV (TA) and 156.8 microV (MM) in women. Examined muscles were more asymmetric at low electromyographic activity (rest and centric occlusion) with the temporal muscle less asymmetrical than the masseter. In females temporal muscle activity tended to dominate at every contraction level, while in males masseter activity was stronger in clench, and temporal activity in centric occlusion and in rest position.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Patterns of spatial and temporal visceral arch muscle development in the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum).

Vertebrate head development is a classical topic that has received renewed attention during the last decade. Most reports use one of a few model organisms (chicken, mouse, zebrafish) and have focused on molecular mechanisms and the role of the neural crest, while cranial muscle development has received less attention. Here we describe cranial muscle differentiation and morphogenesis in the Mexican axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum. To determine the onset of differentiation we use antibodies against desmin and optical sectioning using confocal laser scanning microscopy on whole-mount immunostained embryos. This technique makes it possible to document the cranial muscle in three dimensions while keeping the specimens intact. Desmin expression starts almost simultaneously in the first, second, and third visceral arch muscles (as in other amphibians studied). Muscle anlagen divide up early into the different elements which constitute the larval cranial musculature. We extend and refine earlier findings, e.g., by documenting a clear division between interhyoideus and interhyoideus posterior. The timing of cranial muscle differentiation differs among vertebrate groups, but seems to be constant within each group. This study provides a morphological foundation for further studies of muscle cell fate and early differentiation.

Ambystoma mexicanum↗
PubMed2003

Temporal changes in muscle glutathione in ICU patients.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the changes over time in glutathione and its constituent amino acids in skeletal muscle of ICU patients with multiple organ failure. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective and descriptive pilot study in two medium-sized ICUs with ten beds. PATIENTS: Critically ill patients ( n=10) with multiple organ failure and with an expected ICU stay longer than 6 days were included during their initial 3 days after admission to the ICU. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Muscle biopsy and blood samples were taken on days 0, 3, and 6 after inclusion and total, reduced, and oxidized glutathione and the related amino acids were determined. During the study period both total and reduced glutathione increased and was in the normal range on day 6. The constituent amino acids normalized during the study period as well. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrates a recovery of muscle glutathione concentrations in critically ill patients with ongoing multiple organ failure within 1 week. Restoration of muscle glutathione seems to be a biological process of high priority in this group of patients.

APACHE↗
PubMed2003

Temporal relationship of muscle weakness and pain reduction in subjects treated with botulinum toxin A.

Botulinum toxin A has demonstrated efficacy in relieving pain in spastic and nonspastic muscle conditions. This analgesic property has generally been attributed to muscular relaxation. This study demonstrates initial muscular relaxation and concomitant pain relief in a masticatory muscle model. However, as muscle power returns to normal, pain relief is still very evident. This result suggests that the analgesic effect attributed to botulinum toxin is more complex than simple muscular relaxation.

Adolescent↗