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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Adaptiveness of tunnel system features in subterranean mammal burrows.

Most moles and mole rats spend their lifetimes within the confines of tunnel walls, constructing, maintaining, and modifying burrow system structure in response to changing external circumstances and changing internal needs. Thus, anatomy, physiology, behavior, and distribution are all greatly affected by the burrow environment, with temperature, humidity, gas concentrations, living space, availability of food and mating partners, and protection from flooding and predation all being influenced by burrow architecture. Regrettably, the burrow structure of almost all subterranean mammals is unknown, or known only from several incomplete excavations. Moreover, existing data is often vague without any mention of particular structures or surrounding habitat, which makes the placing of burrow structure in an adaptive perspective difficult. Reasons for these short-comings are understandable: excavations require laborious excavation which can extend for hundreds of meters, reaching depths in excess of a meter; it is often difficult to remove the occupant prior to excavation which avoids modification of the system by the animal during excavation; particular types of subterranean mammals are limited in distribution to particular continents so that the literature is often localized and a global perspective difficult to obtain; and there is no standardization of terms relating to burrow structure, making intergroup comparison confusing. This paper addresses the above difficulties and encourages further investigation in this central area of study by making obvious the paucity of information for most subterranean mammals, presenting a synopsis of known burrow structures of major groups which will make particular gaps in our knowledge evident, providing a bibliography of major papers on burrow structure with coverage of most moles and mole rats, establishing a checklist of burrow features to better analyze future excavations and facilitate intergroup comparison, and lastly, to indicate possible adaptive significance of various burrow features to promote further observation, speculation and experimentation.

Adaptation, Biological↗
PubMed1988

Cutaneous infections in blacks.

We have described briefly a variety of cutaneous infections seen commonly but not exclusively in blacks. Some disorders are prevalent in blacks because of geography (high temperatures, humidity), environment, and low socioeconomic status causing over-crowding, malnutrition, and poor or delayed access to medical care. Only a few occur as a result of the unique way black hair or skin responds to trauma or infection. Physicians managing black patients with dermatologic problems should be aware of and must consider all the factors that initiate, aggravate, and perpetuate cutaneous responses under these conditions.

Black People↗
PubMed1985

[Interaction of genetic and environmental components in the determination of tryptophan hydroxylase activity in the mouse brain in stress].

The interaction between genetic and environmental components of phenotype variety in the response to cold and emotional stress of the brain serotonin system was studied in 11 inbred strains of mice. It was shown that the variety in the degree of tryptophan hydroxylase activity's changes under stress are mainly due to the genotypic differences. The presence of different genotypic systems controlling the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase under basal conditions and under stress was revealed. Differences in hereditary mechanisms determining the tryptophan hydroxylase reactions to different kinds of stress were noted.

Analysis of Variance↗