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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Chromosome breakage and rejoining of sister chromatids in Bloom's syndrome.

The occurrence of chromosome breaks and reunion of sister chromatids in lymphocytes of two patients with Bloom's syndrome has been compared with those found in X-rayed and control cells. The distribution of breaks in BS is non-random both between and within chromosomes, the centric regions of certain chromosomes being preferentially involved. The following working hypotheses are put forward: When chromosome breaks in human lymphocytes occur in G0-G1, practically no sister chromatid reunion (SCR) takes place, whereas ends created by an S-G2 break show a considerable tendency to SCR. We propose further that chromosome aberrations in BS mainly result from breaks in S-G2, including possible U-type rejoining of sister chromatid exchanges. Fragments extra to an intact chromosome complement result from a chromatid break or an asymmetrical chromatid translocation in a previous mitosis.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1980

Effects of X-irradiation in G1 and G2 on Bloom's Syndrome and normal chromosomes.

The X-ray sensitivity of chromosomes from a Bloom's syndrome patient and a normal control was compared in G1 and G2. There was no significant difference in the number of aberrations induced by irradiation in G1. An increased sensitivity of the BS chromosomes was found in G2. The frequency of mitotic chiasmata in the BS cells was not increased by the G2-irradiation, even though the frequency of chromatid translocations was much increased. This provides further evidence for the fundamental difference of these two phenomena. Evidence from the types of aberrations induced suggests that there is no appreciably increased frequency of pairing of homologous chromosomes in the BS cells over that in normal cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Localization by Q-banding of mitotic chiasmata in cases of Bloom's syndrome.

The distribution of mitotic chiasmata from the lymphocytes of three patients with Bloom's syndrome was studied by Q-banding. An estimate was made of the average brightness of the human chromosomes and of the brightness and length of the Q-regions. A strong relationship was found between the average darkness of a chromosome and its chiasma density. The shorter and darker Q-regions contained more chiasmata, with the exception of the chromosome tips which had lower chiasma densities. A few "hot spots" had particularly high chiasma densities. Centric regions contained 17% of the chiasmata. The data are consistent with the assumptions that chiasmata are favored in darker regions and at borders between light and dark regions.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1978

Mitotic chiasmata and other quadriradials in mitomycin C-treated Bloom's syndrome lymphocytes.

Mitotic chiasmata and other quadriradials (QRs) were studied by Q-banding in mitomycin C-treated and untreated lymphocytes from two sibs with Bloom's syndrome. The frequency of chiasmata was very significantly increased by the mitomycin treatment in cells from both sibs. Chiasmata occurred throughout the chromosomes, but were favored in Q-dark regions, particularly at borders between dark and light regions (Kuhn, 1976). No significant difference was found in the distribution of chiasmata among chromosome regions in treated and untreated material. This differs from the reported action of mitomycin C on cultured lymphocytes of normal persons, where chiasmata are concentrated at secondary constrictions and centromeres. Adjacent counterparts to mitotic chiasmata, and chromatid translocations between non-homologous chromosomes, also occurred in the treated material, but with a much lower frequency than mitotic chiasmata. This again differs from the effects of mitomycin C on lymphocytes of normal persons, where chiasmata account for 20% or less of total QRs.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1993

Corticosteroids induce proliferation but do not influence TNF- or IL-1 beta-induced ICAM-1 expression of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells in vitro.

The effects of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, betamethasone 17-valerate and clobetasol propionate at concentrations of 10(-5)-10(-12) M on the proliferation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) were studied in vitro. In addition, confluent HDMEC were treated with TNF (1000 U/ml) or IL-1 beta (1000 U/ml) alone or in combination with the corticosteroids (10(-5) M, 10(-6) M) for 24 h, and cytokine-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was assessed by immunocytochemistry. Controls were treated either with growth medium or with the corticosteroids alone. All tested corticosteroids stimulated HDMEC growth after 4 and 6 days of treatment in a dose-dependent manner, as assessed by 3H-thymidine incorporation and the 4-methyl-umbelliferyl heptanoate (MUH) assay. The minimal effective concentration was 10(-9) M for hydrocortisone, 10(-10) M for dexamethasone and betamethasone, and 10(-12) M for clobetasol. In untreated and in corticosteroid-treated cultures, less than 5% of the cells expressed ICAM-1. TNF and IL-1 beta were strong inducers of ICAM-1 expression on 74% and 82% of the cells, respectively. None of the tested corticosteroids significantly influenced cytokine-induced ICAM-1 expression, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effects of corticosteroids are not related to ICAM-1 modulation on HDMEC.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1977

Bloom's syndrome: DNA replication in cultured fibroblasts and lymphocytes.

Analysis of DNA fiber autoradiograms from Bloom's syndrome skin fibroblasts and blood lymphocytes shows a retarded rate of replication fork movement compared to normal adult controls. Other measurements from the autoradiograms--replication unit length, incidence of bidirectional replication, and degree of initiation synchrony--are normal in Bloom's syndrome cells. These results suggest that a slow rate of fork movement is a specific manifestation of defective DNA synthesis in all Bloom's syndrome cells.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1986

Active proliferation of telangiectases in skin of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS).

The labeling index of endothelial cells as measured by in vitro autoradiography with 3H-thymidine and the electron microscopic structure of microvessels were studied in telangiectases. The telangiectases of eight patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) were compared with the cherry angiomas of six healthy controls subjects. The ultrastructural features of telangiectases were similar in the two groups and were characteristic of capillaries and postcapillary venules of the dermis, with multilayering of the vascular basement membrane. However, a significant difference existed between these two groups in an autoradiographic study: in PSS telangiectases, the average labeling index was 5.9%, whereas in cherry angiomas it was around 0.8%. Thus, the telangiectases in PSS are structures with accelerated endothelial proliferation, as are the other endothelial cells of microvessels anywhere in dermis in this disease. However, the great heterogeneity of the labeling index (varying from 0.5% to 27%) must be emphasized in telangiectases.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Coat's disease. An epidemiologic and Fluorescein angiographic study.

Coats' disease represents a disorder of the retinal vascular walls. In a series of 112 consecutive eyes with Coats' disease the involvement was unilateral in 90.2%. The majority (72%) of patients were male. 57.8% were under 20 years of age. There was, however, a second peak of the disease (30.4%) between the age of 41 and 60. Severe cases were found mainly among juvenile patients, whereas in the senile group milder cases prevailed. Fluorescein angiographic findings comprised vascular aneurysms in almost all cases, rarefaction and coarsening of the capillary bed in 71%, capillary occlusions in 70%, occlusions of arterioles or arteries in 27%, shunt formations in 27%, extensive widening of arteries or veins in 27% and leakage of dye mainly in advanced cases. The participation of the central retina in the disease process was variable. Evidence is presented that Leber's military aneurysm retinitis is not a separate entity but a special form of Coats' disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Clinical experience in the treatment of the "red nose" using the flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser (585 nm).

The first 30 patients with telangiectasia of the nose that presented to our unit were treated with the SPTL-1 laser. The SPTL-1 laser emits pulsed light at a wavelength of 585 nm with a pulse duration of 450 microseconds. Patients with telangiectasia and diffuse spider nevi were included; patients with small spider nevi were excluded. The series included 23 females between 23 and 56 years (mean 37 years) and 7 male patients between 21 and 54 years (mean 42 years). A significant improvement was achieved in 24 patients (80%) and, on the whole, patient satisfaction was high, but more than one treatment session was required (mean of three treatment sessions per patient). At the 6-month follow-up there was some recurrence in two patients for which they required more treatment. No sign of scarring was noted in any patient, but some hypopigmentation occurred over the bridge of the nose of one patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Contact radiotherapy of cutaneous hemangiomas: therapeutic effects and radiation sequelae in 818 patients.

The paper presents statistical data on the therapeutic effects and radiation sequelae following Chaoul contact therapy of 818 cutaneous hemangiomas treated between 1938 and 1952. 73.3% of all irradiated hemangiomas showed initial improvement but complete involution with an excellent cosmetic result was observed in only 50% of lesions 5 years after treatment. During the same period of time, more than one-third of all patients developed mild to moderate cutaneous radiation sequelae (hyper- or hypopigmentation and telangiectases, rarely atrophy). The high incidence of late radiation effects is probably relation to the high total doses administered in this series of patients, the very short intervals between treatments and the age of the patients. Other radiation radiation hazards are also discussed. Since large studies have proven conclusively that spontaneous involution occurs in 95% of hemangiomas after several years, indications for radiotherapy of hemangiomas are extremely limited.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Intraoperative endoscopic localization of jejunal angiodysplasia as a source of massive rectal bleeding.

Gastrointestinal bleeding from an unknown source presents a difficult diagnostic problem. Despite the number of diagnostic tests available, there are occasions when gastrointestinal bleeding requires operative intervention without preoperative localization of the bleeding site. This situation was encountered in the case described, in which a preoperative bleeding scan could only suggest that the small bowel in the left upper quadrant was the source of the bleeding. Intraoperative small-bowel endoscopy was important in confirming the diagnosis.

Endoscopy↗