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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Metastasizing hypernephroma in palatine tonsil].

Metastatic growths on palatine tonsils are very scarce if compared with primordial tumors of this sitting. Report of a case, in a 56-year-old woman, who 6 months after being operated from a left nephrectomy for hypernephroma presented a metastasis of clair renal cells on the right tonsil. Given the peculiarity of such a case we look through the literature of tonsil metastases and discuss the differential diagnosis regarding these type of lesions, sometimes encountered in our daily practice.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1989

Microbiology of obstructive tonsillar hypertrophy and recurrent tonsillitis.

A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the tonsillar surface and core of children with recurrent streptococcal tonsillitis and children with obstructive tonsillar hypertrophy was performed. No qualitative difference was found within the two population groups. Haemophilus influenzae and Bacteroides melaninogenicus were the most prevalent beta-lactamase-producing isolates in both groups. Staphylococcus aureus had the highest rate of beta-lactamase production on the tonsillar surface of children with recurrent tonsillitis, while Streptococcus pyogenes was more prevalent in the tonsillar surface cultures of children with obstructive tonsillar hypertrophy. The bacterial density was high but not significantly different in both groups of children. The similar microbial composition and density of both groups and the higher rate of S pyogenes recovery may signify a subclinical disease or normal flora in children with obstructive tonsillar hypertrophy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Penicillin and clindamycin therapy in recurrent tonsillitis. Effect of microbial flora.

Fifty patients, scheduled for an elective tonsillectomy because of recurrent group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillitis, participated in a prospective randomized study that compared the efficacy of presurgical treatment with either phenoxymethyl penicillin or clindamycin hydrochloride in eradicating group A beta-hemolytic streptococci and beta-lactamase-producing bacteria (BLPB) from the tonsillar core. They were randomized into three groups as follows: 11 received penicillin, 22 received clindamycin, and 17 received no therapy. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci were isolated from 8 (40%) of 17 untreated patients, 4 (36%) of 11 patients treated with penicillin, and none of 22 patients treated with clindamycin. Twenty-one BLPB were isolated from 16 (94%) of 17 untreated patients, 11 BLPB from 9 (82%) of 11 patients treated with penicillin, and 7 BLPB from 7 (32%) of 22 patients treated with clindamycin compared with penicillin or no therapy. Of the 22 patients treated with clindamycin, 10 were younger than 12 years of age. The BLPB were eradicated in nine patients (90%). However, BLPB were eradicated only in 6 (50%) of the 12 patients who were aged 13 years and older. These data illustrate the efficacy of clindamycin therapy in eradicating group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, as well as BLPB, in recurrent inflamed tonsils, especially in persons aged 12 years old and younger.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Clinical immunological study of T lymphocytes and EA rosette forming cells in tonsils.

Tonsillar E and EA rosette forming lymphocyte subpopulations were studied in 120 tonsillectomized patients. T cell ratios was usually lower in the tonsils than in the blood. EA binding cells were studied with indicator systems of human or rabbit antibody sensitized red cells, respectively. Poorly sensitized human RBCs (EArabbit) bind much better to tonsillar cells than to blood lymphocytes and so this system proved to be specially suitable to study tonsillar EA binding cells. Increase in E and EA rabbit rosette forming cell frequencies were found with the age of patients. Decrease in percentage of T cells and EA rabbit rosette binding cells were found with high frequency of acut tonsillitis and with clinical sysmptoms of chronic local inflammation. The variation of these lymphocyte subpopulations with the local tonsillar inflammatory processes suggest a considerable clinical immunological role of local T cells and of this portion of Fc receptor postive lymphocytes.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1977

Percent distribution of T- and B-cells in tonsils of children, juveniles and adults.

The percent distribution of T- and B-lymphocytes in tonsilar tissue of 122 patients from 2--68 years and both sexes was investigated. T-cells were determined by the E-rosetting technique and B-cells by immunofluorescence. We found 50.3% B-cells and 30.6% T-cells in tonsilar tissue. There was a significant decrease of IgM-receptor carrying cells with increasing age and with a converse behavior of the sum of IgA-, IgD-, IgE-receptor B-cells. In tonsils with acute inflammation and with hyperplasia IgM cells were also increased significantly when compared to cell counts in chronic tonsillitis. The results are discussed and compared to data from the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Granulomatous tonsillitis. A rare extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease.

Oral lesions, varying in nature and location, appear to be one of the common extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease. In particular, oral involvement preceding intestinal disease may lead to the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. The present case report of a 17-year-old male patient describes a very rare nonintestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease with severe granulomatous involvement of the tonsils. A sore throat caused by hyperplastic tonsils with granulomatous inflammation as an oral manifestation of Crohn's disease was the leading symptom in this case.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Different pattern of cytokine production and mRNA expression by lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells isolated from human palatine tonsil.

To investigate the cytokines involved in the interaction between circulating (B and T lymphocytes) and non-circulating (stromal cells) elements present in lymphoid tissue, highly purified populations were isolated from human tonsils and the cytokine production and mRNA expression (interleukin-1 alpha, -2, -4, -5, -6, -8, -10, leukocyte inhibitory factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interferon-gamma) were assessed both by immunoassay and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction under resting conditions and after activation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Under basal conditions most cytokines were not detected, except for interleukin-8 which was produced by T lymphocytes and lymphoid cells. Activation by tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced interleukin-8 production by B lymphocytes. Tonsillar T lymphocytes expressed mRNA for interleukin-1 alpha, -8, -10, -4, leukocyte inhibitory factor, and interferon-gamma, only interleukin-4 was expressed by resting peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Tonsillar B lymphocytes were mRNA positive for interleukin-1 alpha, -8, -10, leukocyte inhibitory factor, and interferon-gamma, these were not expressed by peripheral blood B lymphocytes. Stromal cells constitutively produce interleukin-6 whose levels increased 5 times upon tumor necrosis factor-alpha activation Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-8 were detected only after tumor necrosis factor-alpha activation. Only stromal cells constitutively express interleukin-6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and show a cytokine pattern different from that described for other non-lymphoid cells, such as follicular dendritic cells. These data indicate that in the human tonsil population, lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells can be distinguished by different patterns of cytokine expression.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1988

Microbial flora of surface versus core tonsillar cultures in recurrent tonsillitis in children.

Surface and 'core' tonsillar specimens were collected from 60 children, between 2 and 14 years of age, suffering from recurrent tonsillitis, in order to establish the reliability of surface tonsillar swabbing technique and to define the most frequently involved aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. From the qualitative point of view, the same mixed aerobic and anaerobic flora were obtained in both samples thus demonstrating the reliability of the surface swabbing technique. From the quantitative point of view, 187 microorganisms, 129 (69.2%) aerobes and 58 (30.8%) anaerobes were isolated from surface cultures while 184, 109 (59.2%) aerobes and 75 (40.8%) anaerobes from the core cultures, thus demonstrating a greater number of anaerobes in the core of the tonsil. The most common isolated aerobic microorganisms were the alpha- and beta-hemolytic Streptococci, the Neisseriae and the Staphylococcus aureus; the predominant anaerobic ones were the Fusobacterium nucleatum, the Bacteroides sp. and the Veillonella parvula. The isolated staphylococcus aureus and the bacteroides sp. were all beta-lactamase producers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Are tonsils a reservoir for Helicobacter pylori infection in children?

OBJECTIVE: Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) has been associated with the development of gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Although H. pylori infects up to more than half of the world's population, to date the precise modes of transmission has not been fully understood yet. Therefore a study was planned to investigate whether the tonsils and the adenoid tissue were the reservoir or the gate for the entrance of H. pylori. METHODS: The adenotonsillectomy specimens obtained from 50 children, between two and 10 years of age were examined for H. Pylori colonization by the CLO-test method. Before tonsillectomy, anti-H. pylori IgG antibody titers were detected by commercial enzyme immunoassay method in venous blood and H. pylori antigen enzyme immunoassay for detection of H. pylori in stool was used to define current infection status. RESULTS: The stool antigen was positive in 25 (50%) of 50 children. Serum IgG antibody was positive in 28 (56%) patients and both tests were positive in 21 (42%) patients. H. pylori positivity was not detected in any one of the adenotonsillectomy specimens with the CLO-test method. CONCLUSION: In this study although H. pylori was detected in stools of children, it was not detected in adenotonsillectomy specimens with CLO-test method. The results may indicate that H. pylori does not colonize in either adenoid or tonsils and that these tissues do not constitute a reservoir for H. pylori infection.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1984

Concentrations of cloxacillin and erythromycin in the tonsils of children after administration of therapeutic doses.

The treatment of infections in the ring of Waldeyer in children is an ever present problem. Most infections are caused by group A streptococci, and various antibiotics are routinely used for their treatment. In many cases, however, this treatment is ineffective as demonstrated by prolonged disease duration and recurrences. This may be due to the resistance of the pathogens to the used antibiotic, too low dose, or inadequate penetration of the drug into the focus of infection. To explain this problem the reported investigation was undertaken carrying out bacteriological investigations of the removed tonsils and determining antibiotic concentrations in tonsil homogenates and in the serum after cloxacillin and erythromycin treatment of 45 children aged 4-14 years subjected to tonsillectomy or adenotomy . It was found that the most frequent aetiological factors in angina and adenoiditis were group A streptococci. Cloxacillin and erythromycin are the antibiotics penetrating well into the lymphoid tissue and reaching high concentrations in the focus of infection but the courses of treatment should not be shorter than 10 days.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Changes in tonsillar bacteriology of recurrent acute tonsillitis: 1980 vs. 1989.

Recurrent acute tonsillitis is a common problem. Despite this, there still remain many controversies regarding aetiology and correct management. The tonsillar microflora of 33 children with recurrent acute tonsillitis studied in 1980 and 58 patients studied in 1989 is presented. A comparison of the microbiology in the two periods studied a decade apart suggests that the pathogenic profile is changing. Haemophilus influenzae increased from 39 to 62% in the deep tonsillar tissue in the decade. There was a concomitant increase in incidence of Staphylococcus aureus from 6 to 40% of cases. In the same interval, mixed microflora increased from 18 to 52%. Anaerobic organisms were isolated in insignificant numbers. Unique to this study, 44% of H. influenzae isolates in 1989 were beta lactamase producers, increasing from only 2% in 1980. All of the S. aureus were beta lactamase producers. In the majority, the throat swabs grew only organisms commensal to the upper respiratory tract however, the deep tonsillar tissue excised at tonsillectomy carried significant growths of pathogenic organisms confirming the inadequacy of the superficial tonsillar swab as an indicator of treatment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Secondary syphilis of the tonsils.

Secondary syphilis of the tonsils without accompanying signs in the mouth or pharynx is rare. A case report of a patient presenting with papular tonsillitis as a result of secondary syphilis is described.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Spontaneous haemorrhage from the tonsil (a case report).

The presentation and management of a two-year-old child with a severe spontaneous haemorrhage from the tonsil is reported. This was shown to be associated with an acute infection of the tonsil. It is suggested that early tonsillectomy be advised in patients with this symptom.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1989

The lingual tonsil. A neglected symptomatic structure?

Surgical treatment of the lingual tonsil is seldom performed because problems attributable to chronic lingual tonsillar hypertrophy are infrequently diagnosed. We have reviewed a series of 25 patients with symptoms from enlarged lingual tonsils. The variety of presentation of lingual tonsillar lesions and the methods of surgical treatment are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Lymphogranuloma venereum of the tonsil.

A case of lymphogranuloma venereum of the tonsillar lymph tissue is presented. The similarities of tonsils to cervical lymph nodes are discussed and the importance of histological examination of abnormal tonsil tissue is reiterated.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Attachment of bacteria to tonsillar epithelium during acute tonsillitis.

Epithelial cells were scraped from the tonsillar surfaces of 15 patients with current acute tonsillitis (AT) and of 15 individually matched healthy persons. The cellular mixture was stained with acridine orange and bacteria seen to be attached to the epithelial cells under the fluorescent microscope were calculated. Conventional bacterial culturing was also performed simultaneously. Significantly more bacteria were attached to epithelial cells from the AT group than from the controls (greater than 10 attached bacteria per cell p = 0.0103, greater than 50 attached bacteria per cell p = 0.0212). In vivo determination of bacteria attached to epithelial cells offers prospects of gaining a better understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of acute tonsillitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

Secondary syphilis presenting as tonsillitis in three patients.

We describe three homosexual men presenting to the ear, nose and throat clinic with severe tonsillitis. All were subsequently diagnosed with secondary syphilis of the tonsil. Syphilis should be considered as a diagnosis in high risk patients presenting with tonsillar lesions, even in the absence of other classical features of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Epidemiology and virulence gene expression of intracellular group A streptococci in tonsils of recurrently infected adults.

Intracellularly persistent group A streptococci (GAS, Streptococcus pyogenes) have been associated with recurrent tonsillopharyngitis and antibiotic treatment failure. As a supplementation of the published in vitro data, conventional bacteriology and molecular epidemiology was performed on material from 29 adult patients of a German army hospital with anamnestic signs of recurrent tonsillopharyngitis. Pre-surgery tonsil swabs and the surgically removed tonsils were examined with respect to growth of aerobic bacteria in absence and presence of antibiotics with exclusively extracellular activity. Under such antibiotic selection, Staphylococcus aureus and GAS were cultured from specimens of 13 and 3 patients, respectively. In every material GAS-positive by culture methods, the intracellular location of the penicillin-susceptible GAS isolates was confirmed by immunohistologic examination of tonsillar sections using a GAS-specific IgG antibody. The three intracellular GAS isolates were typed by emm gene sequencing and could be associated to types M6 and M49 (two isolates). The bacteria were serially passaged on sheep blood agar, and semiquantitative mRNA analysis from virulence genes was performed using bacteria of the 4th and 25th passage after isolation. An M-type-specific pattern of virulence gene expression and different gene expression levels in relation to the passage number were observed.

Adenoids↗