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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Plasmacytoma of the thyroid gland.

Primary plasmacytoma of the thyroid gland is a rare disease, and clinicopathologic features of this disease are not fully understood. Six cases of primary plasmacytoma of the thyroid, in which immunoperoxidase procedures confirmed a monoclonal nature of proliferating plasma cells are presented. All patients had antithyroid antibodies in their serum together with histologic evidence of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, suggesting an intimate relationship of these diseases. Review of the literature revealed that 18 cases, 14 cases from Western countries and 4 cases from Japan, described primary thyroid plasmacytoma. The authors summarized the clinicopathologic features in the current and previously reported cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[An analysis of needle biopsy under ultrasonography of the thyroid gland].

A multivariate analysis of 47 thyroid nodules and 34 diffuse goiters has been employed to determine the cause of failure in thyroid biopsy under ultrasonography. In the thyroid nodule cases, 30 percent were found to have been misdiagnosed or judged to be an inappropriate sampling. The most important factor leading to failure is a size of tumor. Only one fourth of the small tumors of less than 1 cm were correctly diagnosed and, in cases of a relatively large cystic tumor or a peripherally located nodule, an exact diagnosis was difficult, though 90 percent of the diffuse goiters were difficult, though 90 percent of the diffuse goiters were correctly diagnosed by this method. This result indicates that needle biopsy of the thyroid gland is reliable in cases of a diffuse goiter but problems remain to be resolved in cases of small or cystic tumors and peripherally located nodules.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Postpartum thyroiditis and the contribution of ultrasonographic examination of the thyroid gland in its diagnosis during the first half-year after delivery].

Changes which take place in the thyroid parenchyma of the mother from postpartum thyroiditis and which lead to a change of echogenicity can be detected by ultrasonographic examination of the thyroid gland before clinical manifestation of impaired thyroid function caused by inflammation. The authors evaluated the echogenicity of the thyroid gland in 60 women three months after delivery. From the whole group of women 47 (78.4%) had a homogenous and adequate echogenicity, 13 (21.6%) had a reduced echogenicity. A positive cytological finding, i.e. lymphocytic infiltration was found in 9 women and concurrently positive antithyroglobulin antibodies in 5 of them. During the first six months after childbirth impaired thyroid function was recorded in 4, i.e. 6.6%: 1x hyperthyroidism and 3x hypothyroidism.

Female↗
PubMed2000

Interphase cytogenetics in oncocytic adenomas and carcinomas of the thyroid gland.

Follicular neoplasms of oncocytic type in the thyroid gland frequently cause diagnostic problems and prognostic uncertainties. To identify numerical chromosomal aberrations of possible pathogenetic importance, we determined chromosome copy numbers in situ in interphase nuclei of 31 oncocytic adenomas and 25 oncocytic carcinomas. Archival formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples and normal control thyroid tissues were arranged in arrays and analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). We used pericentromeric or locus specific probes for chromosomes 1, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 17, 18, 22, and X as well as for the oncogenes Her2/neu, cyclin D1, N-myc, and c-myc. The average number of aneusomies per nucleus was significantly higher in carcinomas than in adenomas, and in both, monosomies were more frequent than polysomies. Loss of chromosome 22 was found in 8 of 21 (38%) carcinomas; in 5 cases, it was associated with chromosome 2 monosomy. Conversely, chromosome 2 aberrations were not found in adenomas. Monosomies for chromosome 8 and X were detected in most adenomas and carcinomas. The most common gains in adenomas and carcinomas were for chromosome 7 (13.8% and 32.0% of the cases, respectively), chromosome 12 (9.6% and 12.0%), and chromosome 17 (19.3% and 32.0%). None of the adenomas with trisomy 17 was associated with gains for chromosomes 7 and 12. None of the analyzed oncogenes was found to be amplified by FISH analysis. Our results indicate that numerical chromosomal aberrations in oncocytic follicular tumors of the thyroid gland are common findings and suggest that different patterns of aberrations may occur in these neoplasms.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1997

Medullary and mixed medullary-papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland.

Concurrent medullary and papillary carcinomas of the thyroid gland are rare and occurrence of the medullary and medullary-papillary carcinoma, as far as we know, has not been previously described. The medullary carcinoma was found in the upper part of the right lobe and the mixed medullary-papillary carcinoma in the left lobe of thyroid gland. Immunohistochemistry revealed calcitonin positivity in the medullary parts of the carcinoma and thyroglobulin positivity in papillary structures. Both light microscopy and immunohistochemistry observation distinguished these two cell lineages. The patient was treated with radiotherapy but died 18 months after first symptoms. Metastases were identified in the liver, mediastinal lymph nodes and soft tissues and micro-metastases in the lungs. The authors discuss histogenesis of mixed thyroid carcinomas.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1986

Anaplastic adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland: a study of ten cases.

Anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid gland, while rare, is the most common cause of death from thyroid cancer. Ten cases from a teaching department of surgery have been reviewed, with two-year follow up. Steps in pathological behaviour and management of this lesion are discussed. From the review, it seems that the only logical option in the treatment of anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid gland, is total thyroidectomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2004

Rectal adenocarcinoma metastatic to the thyroid gland.

Metastatic lesions in the thyroid are rarely reported, although microscopic metastasis to the thyroid gland is not uncommon, having been found in 4%-9% of autopsy studies. Here we present a case of rectal adenocarcinoma metastatic to the thyroid. A 28-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for persistent anal bleeding, weight loss, and dysphagia. Physical and imaging examinations disclosed a nodule in the left lobe of the thyroid and rectal cancer in the upper rectum. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid nodule revealed adenocarcinoma, which was consistent with a diagnosis of metastasis from the primary rectal adenocarcinoma to the thyroid. The patient died of tumor recurrence 6 months after surgery. Thyroid metastasis from colon and rectal carcinoma is rare, with only 11 cases appearing in the literature since 1990. The rarity and prognosis of thyroid metastasis from colon carcinoma are discussed here.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

[Morphometrics of the thyroid gland].

The structural parameters of the thyroid gland are not in all cases homogeneously distributed in the whole organ. So it is possible, that the ratio colloid: epithelium may be very different. In such cases it is favourable to measure stage-wise cut specimens in constant distances. By this the differences, caused by the inhomogeneous distribution, were compensated for. The degree of such differences is demonstrated by a measuring example and a model for calculation.

Colloids↗
PubMed2000

[Application of the color Doppler scanning in dynamic follow up after the operation on thyroid gland].

After conduction of operation on thyroid gland (TG) 35 patients were examined using color Doppler mapping. The TG stump blood supply was determined mainly along periphery in sites of newly created membranes. Maximal rate of the TG tissue growth was observed in 1 year. The changes of the structure type can not be used as the test for establishing of the "goiter recurrency" diagnosis.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasonographic and Doppler study of the thyroid gland in Graves' disease before and after treatment with antithyroid drugs.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of medical treatment on the thyroid gland, peripheral circulation, and laboratory findings in patients with Graves' disease. METHODS: Twenty patients with Graves' disease were treated with either carbimazole and propranolol (group I) or carbimazole only (group II). Serum free thyroxine (FT(4)), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulins (TBII) were estimated before and after 6 weeks of treatment. Duplex Doppler ultrasonographic examination of the thyroid, inferior thyroid artery (ITA), and common carotid artery (CCA) was performed before and after 2, 4, and 6 weeks of therapy. RESULTS: Serum FT(4) and TBII decreased after treatment in both groups, whereas serum TSH increased in group I only. The volume of the thyroid gland and parenchymal blood velocity were increased in these patients and diminished only with addition of propranolol to carbimazole. A diffuse hypoechogenic pattern in the thyroid gland and increased ITA blood flow and peak velocity were observed in all patients and persisted throughout treatment. The mean CCA peak blood velocity was accelerated in Graves' disease and diminished after 6 weeks of therapy in both groups, whereas increased CCA blood flow diminished only in group I. CONCLUSION: A 6-week period of therapy with carbimazole and propranolol has no effect on the diffuse low echogenic pattern in the thyroid gland and the accelerated ITA blood flow in Graves' disease. The addition of propranolol is associated with early decrements in thyroid volume, parenchymal vascularity, and CCA blood flow as well as early recovery of TSH suppression, but it has no additional effect on thyroid hormone secretion or TBII levels.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-directed induction of the CREM gene in the thyroid gland participates in the long-term desensitization of the TSH receptor.

Thyroid gland function is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary axis via the secretion of TSH, according to environmental, developmental, and circadian stimuli. TSH modulates both the secretion of thyroid hormone and gland trophism through interaction with a specific guanine nucleotide-binding protein-coupled receptor (TSH receptor; TSH-R), which elicits the activation of the cAMP-dependent signaling pathway. After TSH stimulation, the levels of TSH-R RNA are known to decrease dramatically within a few hours. This phenomenon ultimately leads to homologous long-term desensitization of the TSH-R. Here we show that TSH drives the induction of the inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) isoform of the cAMP response element (CRE) modulator gene both in rat thyroid gland and in the differentiated thyroid cell line FRTL-5. The kinetics of ICER protein induction mirrors the down-regulation of TSH-R mRNA. ICER binds to a CRE-like sequence in the TSH-R promoter and represses its expression. Thus, ICER induction by TSH in the thyroid gland represents a paradigm of the molecular mechanism by which pituitary hormones elicit homologous long-term desensitization.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphological and functional characteristics of thyroid glands from dead fetuses and their hormonal status in gestational hyperthyroidism].

A complex organometric, stereohistometric and immunomorphological investigation of thyroid gland of intranatally decreased mature fetuses from women with hyperthyroidesm is performed. Parallel study of thyroid hormones levels in a cord blood and thyroid status of woman in childbirth, on the one hand, and study of morphological peculiar properties and morphometric parameters of fetal thyroid gland, on the hand, allows us to obtain a clear idea on morphological insufficiency of their thyroid gland on the eve of beginning of their extrauterine life. It also throws some light on some pathogenic elements of disfunctions of thyroid status in the newborn of women with hyperthyroidism.

Female↗
PubMed1980

H-2 complex and Ia antigens on cells dissociated from mouse thyroid glands and islets of Langerhans.

Mouse thyroid tissue was dissociated with collagenase, fixed in periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (PLP), and further dissociated with EDTA and trypsin to yield cell suspensions containing mainly follicle epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells. H-2 complex antigens were detected on the vascular endothelial cells at about the same high density as on peritoneal macrophages, and at a lower concentration on the laterobasal membranes of follicle epithelial cells. Neither of these cell types expressed detectable Ia antigens, but a minor cell type was presented that showed dense expression of Ia antigens. This cell type was probably a passenger leukocyte. It showed ultrastructural characteristics closely resembling those of spleen dendritic cells, which are known to express Ia antigens and to be potent stimulator cells in mixed lymphocyte culture. Dissociation of thyroid glands that had been cultured in vitro for 14 days yielded only follicle epithelium, and these cells showed the same labeling density of H-2 complex antigens as on uncultured cells. Dissociation of islets of Langerhans yielded capillary endothelial cells and beta cells, neither of which expressed detectable Ia antigens. The labeling results are discussed in relation to the cellular changes that occur during culture in vitro and the altered behavior of cultured allografts.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[The effect of 1-p-bromphenyl-5-mercapto-1,2,3,4-tetrazole (Br FMT) on thyroid gland function in rats].

The effects of the novel potential thyrostatic agent 1-p-bromphenyl-5- mercapto-1,2,3,4-tetrazole (Br-FMT) on the serum levels of thyroxine, thyrotropic hormone (TSH), the content of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the thyroid gland, the body weight and the weight of the thyroid gland in liver transaminases and the white blood picture in Wistar strain rats were investigated. The effect of Br-FMT was compared with the effect of the well-known thyrostatic agent and goitrogen ethylester of 3-methyl-2-thio-4-imidazoline-1- carboxylic acid, carbimazole (Spofa) and with the control group, which received placebo only. The drugs tested were administered to animals in the dose do 7.5 mumol/animal via a gastric tube for the period of one month. Br-FMT and carbimazole decreased the level of serum thyroxine in a statistically significant manner. The serum level of TSH was evidently decreased after Br-FMT; it was not changed after administration of carbimazole in the given dose. The content of cAMP in the thyroid gland was significantly increased only after carbimazole. The weight of the thyroid gland was not significantly changed in any group under study, though after carbimazole the mean value was higher by a quarter as compared with the control group. The body weight and white blood picture were not significantly changed in all groups under study. ALT and AST values were evidently lower after carbimazole and Br-FMT, most probably due to the hypothyroid state of the animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Metastatic breast carcinoma involving the thyroid gland diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration: a case report.

Secondary involvement of the thyroid gland from a remote primary malignancy is uncommon. The distinction of metastatic carcinoma (MC) or sarcoma from a primary thyroid malignancy is important because the treatment is different. We discuss a case of a 64-yr-old female with a history of breast carcinoma, who presented with pain and swelling in her neck 5 yrs after being diagnosed with breast cancer. She had undergone mastectomy with subsequent chemotherapy and radiation for infiltrating mammary carcinoma. During the 5-yr interval, she had been free of clinically evident metastatic disease. Subsequent work-up revealed two distinct nodules in the left lobe of her thyroid gland as well as a subcutaneous mass in her right shoulder. A fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of the larger thyroid nodule showed malignant epithelial cells with features consistent with breast carcinoma in a background of benign thyroid epithelial cells and colloid. The case was signed out as metastatic breast carcinoma. Subsequent FNA and biopsy of her right shoulder lesion also revealed metastatic breast carcinoma with similar morphology to the material in the thyroid FNA.

Biopsy, Fine-Needle↗