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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Effect of crankshaft position on the results of supine bicycle ergometry testing. Hemodynamics in coronary heart disease patients with normal and impaired left ventricular function].

In 50 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), 44 of them with a recent history of myocardial infarction, 2 tests on the bicycle-ergometer in the supine position, one with the crankshaft on the level of the examination cot and one with an elevation of the pedal axle by 30 cm were carried out within 30-minute intervals after initiating a flow directed right heart catheterization. In chronological sequence of the recruitment the patients began the ergometric tests alternately with a low or an elevated crank. The applied exercise loads of 50 and 75 watts lasted 3 minutes each. The results show clinically relevant differences between the 2 positions of the pedal axle, being in many cases statistically significant (p less than or equal to 0.01). The pressure of the pulmonary artery (PAP) was elevated at rest and under exercise load when the pedal axle was elevated. The changes of the pressure of the pulmonary artery through the exercise load are greater in patients with an impaired left ventricular function at rest with both pedal axle positions than in patients with a normal left ventricular function. We observed under increasing exercise load a diverging more pronounced elevation of PAP-curves only as a trend in the group of patients with an impaired left ventricular function. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure were on average likewise higher with the elevated crank then with the low one, however the mean variations were considerable. The oxygen saturation of the blood was somewhat less at rest and during exercise load when the pedal axle was elevated compared to the findings with the low pedal axle. The decrease of the oxygen saturation under exercise load was most pronounced in patients having already at rest an impaired left ventricular function. However, with both positions of the pedal axle the behaviour was identical.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Modeling steady-state intracranial pressures in supine, head-down tilt and microgravity conditions.

INTRODUCTION: The effects of microgravity are often simulated by head-down tilt (HDT). While data exist for intracranial pressure (ICP) during short-term HDT, no corresponding data exist for long-term exposure to HDT or microgravity. A mathematical model was developed to predict these unknown long-term responses. Predicted pressures include those in the cerebral vasculature, ventricular and extra-ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and the brain tissue extracellular fluid. METHODS: A mathematical model was used to predict steady-state responses to various stimuli. Simulated CSF infusion tests were used to estimate model parameters such as the filtration coefficient of the cerebral capillary bed. Short-term HDT simulations validated the model. Further simulations predicted ICP responses to long-term HDT and microgravity. RESULTS: Constant-rate infusion simulations predict that the filtration coefficient of the cerebral capillary bed is between 4.46 and 5.15 x 10(-3) {[(ml x min(-1)) x mmHg(-1)] x 100 g(-1)}. Short-term HDT simulations reproduced clinical observations for venous sinus pressure and ICP. Further simulations produced the following relationships: first, ICP is unaffected by the expected changes in central artery pressure. Second, ICP changes in parallel with central venous pressure. Third, ICP increases 0.37 mmHg per 1 mmHg decrease in blood colloid osmotic pressure. DISCUSSION: Results suggest that despite the presence of tight capillary junctions in the brain, the cerebral capillary filtration coefficient is of the same order of magnitude as measured in the calf and forearm. Simulations also suggest that ICP in microgravity is significantly less than that in long-term HDT and may be less than that in the supine position on Earth.

Head Movements↗
PubMed2005

[Dynamic responses of human body and human surrogate to different impacts under 30 degrees supine position].

OBJECTIVE: To study the difference between the dynamic responses of human body and human surrogate under 30 degrees supine position, and to discuss impact probability of substituting human body with human surrogate in impact tests. METHOD: Five volunteers experienced half-sine impact pulses, averaged 4.76, 8.96, 11.33 G, lasting for 40-60 ms on an impact tower. The human surrogate was exposed to half-sine impact pulses, averaged 6.77, 10.39, 16.93, 21.11, 24.98, 31.11 G, lasting for 40-60 ms, two times for each G level. ECG changes of the volunteers were continuously monitored before, during and after each impact. RESULT: Output responses at forehead and chest of human body and human surrogate increased with input increments. But there was obvious difference of the dynamic responses between human body and the surrogate to impact of low G levels. Heart rate of each volunteer had temporary increase during the process of impact, and returned to normal level soon after the impact. CONCLUSION: There is difference in a certain extend between the dynamic responses of human body and human surrogate. The ECG changes are induced mainly by mental stress during process of impact.

Acceleration↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Phlebohemodynamics in the femoral vein and postcava during a voluntary quick single contraction of shin muscles in supine and standing humans].

Effects of a voluntary single quick shin contraction on quantitative parameters of the venous outflow in the femoral vein and postcava were investigated in 65 normal males and females with the Doppler ultrasonic and duplex blood pool scanning techniques. Measured were linear spontaneous blood flow, mean linear and peak velocites of the transport of blood after the muscle contraction, baseline linear cross sections of the femoral vein and postcava cross section, and their extension in the course of mobilized blood evacuation. Based on these measurements calculated were weight power space velocities of the spontaneous blood flow and volumes of mobilized venous blood The investigations were made in supine and standing subjects. According to our data, hemodynamic productivity of the muscle contraction in vertical subjects was much higher than in horizontal with the peak and mean linear blood evacuation outrunning the mean spontaneous outflow from the femoral vein in 25.7 and 10.3 times, respectively. Besides, the weight power space velocity of the contraction-induced outflow exceeded that of the spontaneous blood flow 12.5 times. Simultaneous contraction of the muscles on both legs increased four times the weight power space velocity in the subdiaphragmatic part of the postcava.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Risk stratification and prognosis of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease by use of supine bicycle exercise stress echocardiography.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the long-term predictive values of supine bicycle exercise stress echocardiography (ESE), and the ESE additional role compared to other traditional clinical and rest echocardiographic variables, in 607 patients with low, intermediate and high pretest risk of cardiac events. METHODS: Clinical status and long-term outcome were assessed for a mean period of 46 months (range 12-60 months). ESE was performed for the diagnosis of suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) in 267 patients (43.9%), and for risk stratification of known CAD in 340 patients (56.1%). At baseline, the mean value of wall motion score index (WMSI) was 1.22 +/- 0.36, and the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 58.5 +/- 10.9%. RESULTS: ESE was positive for ischemia in 210 patients (34.9%), while ECG was suggestive for ischemia in 157 patients (25.8%). During the test only 97 patients (15.9%) experienced angina. At peak effort, the mean WMSI was 1.38 +/- 0.46. A low workload was achieved by 158 patients (26.1%). During the follow-up period there were 222 events, including 82 hard events (36.9%), 48 deaths (21.6%) and 34 acute non-fatal myocardial infarction (15.3%). At stepwise multivariate model, cigarette smoking (p < 0.01), peak WMSI (p < 0.001), ESE positive for ischemia (p < 0.001) and low workload (p < 0.01) were the only independent predictors of cardiac death, while positive ESE, peak WMSI, angina during the test and hypercholesterolemia were the only independent determinants of hard cardiac events. The cumulative 5-year mean survival rate according to ESE response was 95.9% in patients with negative ESE, and 83.7% in patients with positive ESE (log rank 13.6; p < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: ESE yields prognostic information in known or suspected CAD, especially in patients with intermediate pretest risk level. The combined evaluation of clinical variables and other ESE variables, such as peak WMSI and exercise capacity, may further select patients at greatest risk of cardiac death in the overall population.

Coronary Artery Disease↗
PubMed1992

Spinal mobility and muscular strength: effects of supine- and prone-lying back extension exercise training.

This study compared the effectiveness of supine-lying back extension (SBE) exercise and prone-lying back extension (PBE) exercise on spinal mobility and muscular strength. A 3 (groups) x 4 (time frames) experimental design was used. Thirty-four healthy men (mean age, 23.1 +/- 2.1 years) were randomly assigned to three groups. Subjects in group 1 (n = 11) were trained using the SBE protocol, whereas those assigned to group 2 (n = 12) performed the PBE program. Subjects in group 3 (n = 11) received no exercise training and served as controls. The exercise programs were standardized and administered three times a week for 6 weeks. The spinal range of motion (ROM) and back extension isometric force of all the subjects was evaluated before training, at the end of the third and sixth weeks of the study, and 9 weeks after the end of the exercise training. A two-factor (group and time frame), repeated-measures ANOVA was used to determine significant differences in spinal ROM and back extension isometric force among the groups at the different time frames. The results of the statistical analyses showed progressive increases (p less than .05) in spinal ROM and isometric force after the exercise training; they had increased by 12.6% and 19.2%, respectively, at the end of the sixth week of training. The gain in spinal mobility was completely obliterated nine weeks posttraining. However, the improvement in muscular strength was sustained 9 weeks after the end of physical training. The SBE method was better for improving the spinal ROM, whereas the PBE method was more effective in augmenting muscular strength of the back.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Hip arthroscopy by the supine approach.

The supine approach to arthroscopy of the hip has been well described, and the safe zones for arthroscopy and the technique of precise portal placement necessary for optimal access have been well established. However, with a growing understanding of hip pathology and its etiology, additional methods have been devised to address this pathology. Thus, the technique of hip arthroscopy continues to evolve, including incorporation of the peripheral compartment evaluation as part of the routine procedure.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed1991

Cocontraction of the elbow muscles during combined tasks of pronation-flexion and supination-flexion.

The aim of this study was to determine if the antagonist activity of the triceps brachii (TB) and anconeus (AN) muscles is modulated when the activity of the biceps brachii (BB) and brachioradialis (BR) is modulated by the performance of combined tasks and to verify if this behavior is similar at different elbow angles. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of BB, BR, AN and TB was recorded for normal subjects (N = 6) with surface electrodes during a ramp isometric contraction in elbow flexion (F) which was performed alone or combined with 20% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in pronation (P) or in supination (S). Two cocontraction ratios, using the EMG root mean square (rms) values of each muscle and identified as BB/TB and BR/AN were calculated. The results indicate that for low flexion torque levels, the BB/TB ratio is higher for the S-F condition while the BR/AN ratio is higher during the pure flexion task. Variations of the EMG activity across tasks were significant only for BB (Friedman ANOVA, p less than .01) whereas there was no significant change in EMG activity (rms) for TB, BR and AN (Friedman ANOVA, p greater than .01). Furthermore, the behavior of both ratios across tasks was similar at 50 degrees, 90 degrees and 130 degrees of elbow flexion. Thus, for isometric conditions, there appears to be no evidence of modulation of EMG activity of elbow extensors while performing combined tasks of S-F and P-F. In addition, cocontraction activity during these tasks tends to be similar across elbow angles.

Elbow↗
PubMed1991

Water loading tests both in supine and upright positions in three cases of idiopathic edema.

Three cases of idiopathic edema are reported with the results of water loading tests. Free water clearance and fractional sodium excretion revealed that three cases were different in water and sodium retention both in supine and upright positions. Aldosterone, plasma renin activity and antidiuretic hormone seemed to little to correspond to water and sodium retention; whereas atrial natriuretic peptide markedly increased in the upright position in all the cases. These data suggest that three cases cannot be explained by a single factor, but that enhanced reduction of venous return to the heart in the upright position may be a common feature in all three cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effect of left-lateral position on maternal hemodynamics during ritodrine treatment in comparison with supine position.

Pregnant women are generally recommended to rest in the left-lateral position (l-lat.) to avoid caval compression. We studied the influence of postural change from the supine position (sup.) to the l-lat. on maternal hemodynamics and tocolysis. The cardiac output (CO) was measured by impedance cardiography, while the pulsatility index of the uterine artery (PIUtA) was determined by the pulsed Doppler method. When the maternal posture was changed from sup. to l-lat, the following results were obtained. (1) The frequency of uterine contractions (UC) (preterm labor = 92) was significantly reduced (p less than 0.01). (2) The resting uterine tonus (n = 5) was also significantly decreased (p less than 0.05). (3) In the cases showing a decrease in the frequency of UC, the CO value was significantly increased (p less than 0.01), whereas PIUtA was significantly decreased (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that the postural change from sup. to l-lat. resulted in a decrease in the frequency of UC and the resting uterine tonus and at the same time an increase in the CO and decrease in the vascular resistance of the uterine artery.

Cardiac Output↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characteristics and operative management of supination external rotation ankle fractures.

Identification and management of the acutely fractured ankle is discussed by the authors. The Lauge Hansen classification system, and in particular, supination-external rotation injuries, is evaluated. Intraoperative technique, perioperative considerations, and generalized management of these pathologic conditions are reviewed, according to the authors' experiences.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMed1991

Tips of the trade #35. Intramedullary nailing of the femoral shaft with supination.

Use of the supine position in femoral shaft nailing is useful in cases of ipsilateral hip fracture and when multiple injuries are present. The nail enters at the greater trochanter and then maintains an upright position parallel to the canal of the femur. This technique facilitates control of respiratory function and limits nerve compression complications.

Bone Nails↗
PubMed1990

The effects of prone and supine positioning on arterial oxygen pressure.

An experimental study was conducted on 25 ventilated premature infants with RDS comparing PaO2 in the supine and prone positions. Analysis of the mean PaO2 showed significantly higher values in the prone position (p = .005). It is important for nurses to be aware of the implications of positioning on respiratory functioning and to integrate this knowledge in their practice.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1990

The breathing patterns in Chinese and Indian adult males in the supine posture.

The breathing patterns in the supine posture during inspiration from functional residual capacity (simulating the "liver palpation" manoeuvre) were studied in two groups of young adult male Chinese and Indians with each group comprising 30 subjects. Both groups were matched for age, height and weight. Although the findings did not reach a statistically significant level, Indian subjects were found to breathe more with their abdomen compared to the Chinese during the manoeuvre. The two groups behaved similarly when they breathed with increasing amplitude from their resting tidal volume to full inspiratory capacity. There was also no difference between the two groups when they performed the total lung capacity manoeuvre.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Effects of mild supine exercise during 20 days bed rest on maximal oxygen uptake rate in young humans.

Fourteen sedentary young volunteers performed a maximal exercise test on a bicycle ergometer before, after and eight or nine weeks after 20 days bed rest. They were divided into four groups. They all went through 20 days bed rest; 5 females and 6 males as controls while 3 males performed mild pedaling supine exercise for 30 minutes twice a day. Three other males from the control group started a retraining programme after bed rest performing mild pedaling exercise in the sitting position for an hour a day, 3-4 days a week for eight weeks. VO2max was reduced after bed rest in all groups. In the control group the 6 males decreased VO2max from 2.82 +/- 0.09 1.min-1 before bed rest to 2.42 +/- 0.14 1.min-1 after. The female controls decreased from 2.55 +/- 0.24 1.min-1 to 2.22 +/- 0.23 1.min-1. The exercise regime performed by the three males during bed rest did not prevent a fall in VO2max in that group from 2.76 +/- 0.06 to 2.57 +/- 0.09 1.min-1. The three males who performed bicycle exercise in the recovery period did not attain higher recovery values at 8-9 weeks than the other males. However the 5 female controls did not recover their > 13% loss in VO2max after 8-9 weeks of recovery. Calculation of peak oxygen pulse from VO2max divided by heart rate indicated that these changes in VO2max were caused exclusively by a reduction in stroke volume of the heart, a finding supported by resting echocardiography of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and stroke volume.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of breast cancer with dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging combined with magnetization transfer contrast using a newly developed breast surface coil for the supine position.

To assess the value of dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging combined with magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) of breast cancer by SPGR sequence, 15 patients with breast cancer were imaged in the supine position with the newly developed breast coil in a 1.5 Tesla imager. Dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging combined with MTC (10 cases) and conventional dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging (5 cases) were performed after the administration of Gd-DTPA (0.2 ml/kg). Sagittal images were obtained every 22 seconds during the first 264 seconds. Thus, a total of 15 images were obtained in each lesion. The signal intensity ratio (SIR) of lesion to mammary glarid was calculated for each image as follows: (SI lesion/SI mammary gland)/(SI (pre)lesion/SI (pre)mammary gland). Dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging with MTC always allowed better SIR at 88 seconds than conventional dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging after bolus injection (p < 0.01). Dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging with MTC improved detection of the boundary of the lesion and mammary gland.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A device for keratometry in the supine patient.

We fabricated a device that allows suspension of a keratometer from an operating microscope stand in a manner that permits keratometry to be performed with the patient in the supine position. The specifications for this device are given to allow replication by a hospital machinist.

Cornea↗