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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Ineffectiveness of activated carbon in reducing the alteration of sphingolipid metabolism in rats exposed to fumonisin-contaminated diets.

Sphinganine/sphingosine (SA/SO) ratio, a biomarker of fumonisin exposure, has been measured in urine, kidney and liver of male Wistar rats exposed to fumonisin-contaminated diet with and without the addition of activated carbon (AC). The latter was previously shown to adsorb fumonisin B(1) in vitro. Rats were fed either control diet or fumonisin-contaminated diet (4 microg FB(1+)FB(2)/g) or fumonisin-contaminated diet mixed with 20 mg AC/g diet for 1 week. In rats fed fumonisin-contaminated diet, the SA concentration and SA/SO ratio increased significantly and reversibly in kidney, while urine and liver did not show a significant increase of SA/SO ratio. The addition of AC to the fumonisin-contaminated diet did not alter the change of SA/SO biomarker for fumonisin exposure. This provides indications that the use of AC to reduce the toxicity of fumonisins is unlikely to be effective in vivo.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mitochondria as sensors of sphingolipids.

Much of the action in the mammalian apoptotic program takes place at the mitochondrial level. Physicochemical characteristics and integrity of mitochondrial membranes may play a crucial role in the recruitment and multimerization of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members, opening of the permeability transition pore complex (PTPC) and the release of mitochondrial components which trigger the 'intrinsic' pathways of cellular apoptosis and activate executioner caspases. Recent evidence has accumulated pointing toward the mitochondrial membranes as the key targets for lipid and glycolipid mediators of stress-induced apoptosis. Mitochondrial membranes may thus act as 'sensors' of cellular stress by quantitating the local accumulation of specific lipids and glycolipids. Acute accumulation of ceramides, directly or indirectly, profoundly affects mitochondrial functions. GD3 ganglioside, a glycolipid which is actively synthesized and transiently accumulates in the early stages of apoptosis, relocates to the mitochondrial membranes causing the opening of the PTPC and the release of apoptogenic factors. Mitochondrial membranes appear to represent a common destination where protein and glycolipid mediators of stress converge and where crucial decisions about cellular adaptation or apoptotic cell death are taken.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2001

Armillaramide, a new sphingolipid from the fungus Armillaria mellea.

A new C(18)-phytosphingosine ceramide containing non-hydroxy fatty acid, armillaramide (1), has been isolated together with ergosterol peroxide from the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Armillaria mellea. Its structure was established as (2S,3S,4R)-2-hexadecanoylamino-octadecane-1,3,4-triol by spectroscopic and chemical methods.

Agaricales↗
PubMed2002

Antifungal activity of bifunctional sphingolipids. Intramolecular synergism within long-chain alpha,omega-bis-aminoalcohols.

The in vitro antifungal activity of a series of alpha,omega-bifunctionalized aminoalcohols against Candida glabrata was measured. The dimeric bi-functionalized lipids exhibited activity about approximately 10-fold higher higher than D-sphingosine, which is a larger factor than expected from the simple additive effects of vicinal aminoalcohols groups.

Amino Alcohols↗
PubMed1994

Second messengers. Sphingolipid signalling.

Sphingomyelin metabolites seem increasingly likely to be intracellular messengers controlling a variety of cell activities, but it is not yet clear exactly which metabolites control which functions, or how they do so.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Lipid phosphate phosphatases regulate signal transduction through glycerolipids and sphingolipids.

Lipid phosphate esters including lysophosphatidate (LPA), phosphatidate (PA), sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P) are bioactive in mammalian cells and serve as mediators of signal transduction. LPA and S1P are present in biological fluids and activate cells through stimulation of their respective G-protein-coupled receptors, LPA(1-3) and S1P(1-5). LPA stimulates fibroblast division and is important in wound repair. It is also active in maintaining the growth of ovarian cancers. S1P stimulates chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells and is an important participant in the angiogenic response and neovessel maturation. PA and C1P are believed to act primarily inside the cell where they facilitate vesicle transport. The lipid phosphates are substrates for a family of lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) that dramatically alter the signaling balance between the phosphate esters and their dephosphorylated products. In the case of PA, S1P and C1P, the products are diacylglycerol (DAG), sphingosine and ceramide, respectively. These latter lipids are also bioactive and, thus, the LPPs change signals that the cell receives. The LPPs are integral membrane proteins that act both inside and outside the cell. The "ecto-activity" of the LPPs regulates the circulating and locally effective concentrations of LPA and S1P. Conversely, the internal activity controls the relative accumulation of PA or C1P in response to stimulation by various agonists thereby affecting cell signaling downstream of EDG and other receptors. This article will review the various LPPs and discuss how these enzymes could regulate signal transduction by lipid mediators.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

Sphingolipids, apoptosis, cancer treatments and the ovary: investigating a crime against female fertility.

Premature ovarian failure and infertility are well-known side-effects observed in young girls and reproductive-age women treated for cancer. Although the need for tumor eradication in these patients is clear, the long-term consequences of chemotherapy and radiation on non-target tissues, such as the ovaries where large numbers of germ cells (oocytes) are also killed off, are substantial. Unfortunately, the mechanism mediating the undesirable toxicity of cancer therapies in the female gonads has only recently been explored. Nevertheless, some important insights into the role of ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) as a mediator and suppressor, respectively, of cancer therapy-induced oocyte apoptosis have emerged over the past few years. Such findings are exciting in that a better understanding of the crime--how radiation and chemotherapy kill off this irreplaceable population of innocent cells in the ovaries--may finally allow for the development of novel lipid-based strategies to combat infertility and premature menopause in female cancer patients.

Animals↗