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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Testing the acid-binding capacity of Tisacid suspension and tablets by intragastric pH determination in patients with hyperacidity].

The effect of a Hungarian Al-Mg-containing drug, called Tisacid was studied using of 2.0, 1.0 and 0.5 gram doses. Two administration forms, suspension and tablet were compared. Ten informed, adult hyperacid volunteers were included into the program and three times 5-hour intragastric pH-metry was carried out in a randomized, self-controlled open clinical study (Control, after administration of tablet or suspension). Both forms were found effective in gastric acid reduction at doses of 2.0 and 1.0 g. Tisacid suspension revealed a more pronounced efficacy at the dose of 2.0 g in comparison to the same dose of tablet form. The 0.5 g dose seemed insufficient in reduction of gastric acidity in hyperacid patients applied in tablet or suspension forms. The authors emphasize the role of continuous intragastric pH-metry in clinical practice and investigation of antacids and antisecretory drugs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of two intensified conventional insulin regimens with three and four daily injections.

When choosing an intensified conventional insulin therapy, no specific differentiation is made between the three-injection regimen (regular insulin at breakfast and lunch, and regular+intermediate-acting insulin at dinner) and the four-injection regimen (regular insulin at breakfast, lunch and dinner, and intermediate-acting insulin at bedtime). No published studies have evaluated to our knowledge the differences between these two regimens. In 1991, we proposed to 30 stable type 1 diabetic patients without residual insulin secretion a change from three to four daily injections: 7 refused, 4 were later excluded for intercurrent events; 19 followed the four daily injection regimen for 2 years. In these non randomized 19 patients, the Student's test for paired data was used to compare with a self-controlled study the 1989-90 three-daily injection period with the 1991-92 four-daily-injection period in order to evaluate any differences in daytime blood glucose values (bi-monthly out-patient measurements taken at 8 am, 10 am, 3 pm and 5 pm), nocturnal blood glucose levels at 3 am (bi-monthly patient self-monitoring by means of a blood glucose meter, for a total of 188 vs 188 measurements), HbA1c (a total of 203 vs 207 bi-monthly out-patient measurements), the number of nocturnal hypoglycaemic attacks, body weight and mean insulin requirement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Comparative clinical examination of Loderix (setastinum) and astemizole in pollenosis.

The action and side-effects of Loderix (EGIS) were examined in comparison with Hismanal (Janssen) containing the non-sedative H1-receptor antagonist astemizole, by double-blind, cross-over, self-controlled method. On the basis of the changes observed in response to the two drugs in the symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma of 21 patients suffering from pollenosis Loderix proved to be of the same value as Hismanal considering both clinical effectivity and side-effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Use of Taleum 1-mg inhalation aerosol in bronchial asthma patients.

The effect of 2 sodium chromoglycate products: Taleum 1-mg aerosol (EGIS) and Intal powder capsule (Fisons) has been examined for 4-4 weeks in 15 extrinsic asthma patients by cross-over self-controlled open method. The patients measured peak expiratory flow (PEF) 5 times daily and recorded the time of dyspneic periods in a diary as well as the amount of bronchodilator spray (Berodual, Boehringer) used as adjuvant therapy during dyspnea. The results of the weekly evaluation of the complaints and PEF values proved that both drugs are similarly effective in the prevention of dyspnea caused by bronchial asthma. The adjuvant inhalation betamimetic and anticholinergic drug requirement was lowered, the number, intensity and total time of dyspneic episodes decreased. In the course of the examinations Taleum 1-mg inhalation aerosol proved to be of identical value with Intal powder capsule. Some patients who do not like powder inhalation found the Taleum aerosol drug form to be more advantageous. Side-effect of drug was not observed.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1993

Treatment of end-stage renal disease due to lupus nephritis: comparison of six patients treated with both peritoneal and hemodialysis.

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is one of the most significant complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Previous investigators have evaluated the morbidity and mortality of different renal replacement treatment modalities in these patients. Earlier reports have suggested that the systemic manifestations of SLE diminish, or "burn out," once ESRD occurs. These investigators also suggested that vascular access complications were a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients treated with hemodialysis (HD). A retrospective review of the records of 6 patients with ESRD from lupus nephritis (LN), who received both HD and peritoneal dialysis (PD), was performed to determine if there was a difference in disease activity between treatment modalities, using patients as self-controls. The number of SLE flares was determined by clinical and/or serologic studies, and prednisone dosages compared for each treatment modality. Four of the 6 patients continued to have active SLE after renal replacement therapy was begun. There were no significant differences in the number of SLE flares or prednisone dosages while receiving either treatment modality. While PD eliminates problems associated with vascular access, both HD and PD were effective forms of renal replacement therapy. Most patients in this study continued to have active SLE after commencement of dialysis, with no differences in disease activity noted during HD or PD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Behavioural techniques to reduce self-injurious behaviour in children with autism.

This paper is part of a special section on 'self-injurious behaviour and autism' and concentrates on behavioural treatment techniques available and useful to reduce self-injurious behaviour in children with autism (e.g. extinction, time-out, differential reinforcement, alternative forms of stimulation, sensory deprivation, physical restraint, crisis management, environmental modifications). It has become increasingly evident that the successful treatment of self-injurious behaviour requires, first, a systematic and detailed (functional) analysis of the variables associated with the behaviour and, second, a hypothesis-testing approach on an individual, naturalistic basis to increase the acquisition of alternative skills and self-control.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1994

[Optimal structure of the multienzyme system of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of E. coli during growth on various carbon sources].

The optimal structure (stoichiometry) of the tricarboxylic acid cycle multienzyme system of E. coli has been computed using experimental data for the E. coli biomass monomeric content and the results of the steady-state metabolic fluxes calculation. The calculation was performed for the cases of E. coli growth on acetate, glycolate, glycerate, glutamate, glucose, gluconate and pyruvate as carbon sources. The possible self-control mechanisms make it possible to optimize the cellular multienzyme system structure for each of the carbon sources under study. The relationship between the optimal structure and the maximal specific rate of the cell growth is discussed.

Carbon↗
PubMed1994

[The importance of CAPD in kidney replacement therapy].

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) a method suitable for self-treatment by patients with chronic renal failure, was introduced for clinical use at the end of the seventies. It was rapidly accepted and used worldwide. Based upon a ten-year-old clinical experience at the renal unit of the Stadtspital Waid, Zürich, and on data of a cohort of 113 unselected patients treated by this method, this report aims at the importance of CAPD for renal replacement therapy. Experiences with developments of materials, techniques and measures preventing complications, collected during an observation period, from 1979 to 1989 were analyzed and data from three arbitrarily fixed consecutive periods compared. The Tenckhoff catheter, primarily used for dialysis, has been replaced by the Oreopoulos-Zellermann catheter because of a reduced complication rate. The number of patients treated with CAPD doubled within these ten years. The survival rate for different methods was similar in the three time periods investigated. In accordance with other centers, peritonitis was found to be the most frequent cause for a drop-out and was equally the most frequent complication whose incidence, however, declined over the observation periods. Compared to other centers, incidence of peritonitis was already low before at the renal unit of SWZ. 41% of the patients died, most of them because of cardiovascular problems. Infections of the catheter tunnels were less frequent, but their rate could not be influenced in the course of the ten-year period. Clinical experiences of the first ten years with CAPD at the renal unit of SWZ yielded positive results: 1. CAPD represents a simple and effective method for dialysis therapy of equal value compared to hemodialysis. 2. Success of the CAPD program depends crucially on amelioration of the CAPD materials and techniques as well as on an optimal education of the patient by the nursing staff and the physician. 3. Obviously, the significant decline of the rate of peritonitis in the Stadtspital Waid was due to the introduction of a simple microbiologic method for self-control (so-called dialysate-digest medium tube-method) and to the prophylaxis for fungal peritonitis with Nystatin per os accompanying every antibiotic therapy. 4. A future challenge is seen in increased attention and better prevention of the second most common complication of CAPD, catheter-tunnel infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[The influence of blood oxygen tension on the glucose level measured by a handy blood glucose analyzer (Toecho Super)].

A handy blood glucose analyzer (Toecho Super), using disposable enzyme electrodes, is widely used not only for the self-control of diabetes but also for critical care settings such as the ICU or the operating room. Recently we reported that the measured glucose value was lower compared with the true reference data, when oxygen tension was high. We investigated the interaction between the blood glucose levels and oxygen tension in vitro using 5 levels of glucose and 5 levels of oxygen tension. Measured glucose value decreased linearly as oxygen tension rose with a high correlation factor (0.816-0.996). The measured glucose level (mg.dl-1) could be estimated by the reference data minus one tenth of oxygen tension (in mmHg). Therefore we conclude that the measured glucose value is dependent only on oxygen tension but not on the range of glucose level. The reference glucose value can be estimated when oxygen tension is available.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1994

Aberrant behaviors of young boys with fragile X syndrome.

To determine whether aberrant behaviors described in boys with fragile X syndrome distinguish them from other boys with developmental disabilities, we asked the primary caregivers of 55 boys with fragile X and 57 matched controls to complete five behavioral questionnaires. Twenty-one items distinguished the groups. Principal components analysis (PCA) yielded five behavioral clusters: abnormal language, tactile defensiveness, poor self-control, poor eye contact/shyness, and hand flapping. Boys with fragile X were found times more likely to have both tactile defensiveness and abnormal language. The presence of these abnormal behaviors in boys with developmental delays warrants further assessment for fragile X.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1976

[Hygiene in medical practice (author's transl)].

Ideas and suggestions for hygiene in medical practice ought to be a stimulus for colleagues in active practice in town and country and also for specialists. Within the scope of a reviw, neither rules, standards nor checklists should be given, because self-determination and self-control- with the help of these stimuli too-are preferable to bureaucratic control. Order and cleanliness are part of the picture of a good doctor. The aspects of hygiene in their many branches, not only for defense against infection, ought to contribute in fact and psychologically to the benefit of the patient.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed1993

Clinical results with Taleum in the treatment of extrinsic bronchial asthma.

Taleum inhalation aerosol, produced by EGIS Pharmaceuticals Works, was examined in an 8-week open cross-over self-controlled study in 50 patients suffering from extrinsic bronchial asthma. Intal powder capsule inhaled with the aid of a spinhaler was used as a reference drug. Changes in subjective complaints and symptoms were continuously recorded on a score scale in the patients' diary. The alterations in respiratory parameters were measured. Laboratory parameters were monitored. On the basis of the results Taleum spray was found to be effective in the prevention of bronchial asthma. It proved to be a well tolerated drug form of simple use.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Coping in spouses of patients with acute myocardial infarction in Taiwan.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the usage and perceived effectiveness of coping strategies of spouses of patients with acute myocardial infarction in Taiwan, the Republic of China, during the acute phase of the illness. DESIGN: Survey. SETTING: Visitors room for a coronary care unit in Taiwan, the Republic of China. SUBJECTS: Twenty-one female and 10 male spouses of patients with acute myocardial infarction. OUTCOME MEASURES: The Revised Ways of Coping Scale was modified to assess both frequency of use and perceived effectiveness of coping strategies. It was also translated into Chinese. RESULTS: Seeking Social Support was the most frequently used coping strategy, whereas Confrontive Coping was used the least. There were significant positive relationships between the extent of usage of coping strategies and their perceived effectiveness. Men used Planful Problem-Solving more often and found it be more effective than did women; they also found the Self-Controlling and Accepting Responsibility strategies to be more effective than did women. Older spouses reported the Planful Problem-Solving strategy to be more effective than did younger subjects. The more family members living with a spouse, the less Accepting Responsibility was used as a coping strategy. CONCLUSIONS: Spouses of patients with acute myocardial infarction in Taiwan, the Republic of China, report using a variety of coping strategies. Those used most often are perceived to be the most effective.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

[Results of 5-year activity in a program for pregnant diabetics in south-eastern Poland. I. Methodology of a unified program and evaluation of the degree of diabetes compensation in pregnant women].

A model of diabetic-obstetrical management in pregnant diabetics from the south-eastern Poland realized in Cracow has been described. It consists in education, intensive insulin therapy and self-control with borrowed glucose meters. The study included 102 pregnant women enrolled from 1987-1991. It was found that the patients in general with poorly normalized diabetes mellitus referred late to a special unit. It was shown that with experience normoglycemia was achieved with lower insulin doses in four injections. A characteristic feature was a very small number (4) of the patients who had thought of diabetes normalization before pregnancy. Coordinated care provides a possibility of reducing failures in pregnancy, nevertheless it is necessary to develop comprehensive care both before and during pregnancy in diabetic women.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Gender differences in AIDS-relevant condom attitudes and condom use.

Two studies, conducted approximately one year apart, examined gender differences in AIDS-relevant condom attitudes, condom use behaviors, and relationships among attitudes and condom use behaviors. Subjects (N = 248, N = 528) were undergraduates, primarily heterosexual. Females reported more favorable attitudes, with the exception of greater inhibition about buying and possessing condoms. Men engaged in preliminary condom use behaviors (carrying and keeping condoms at home) substantially more often than did women. Preliminary condom use behaviors predicted past and intended condom use more consistently for men than for women. Relationships between condom attitudes and condom use behaviors were generally similar for both sexes, with poorer self-control explaining the most variance in past and intended condom use. These results, interpreted from the perspective of Eagly's (1987) gender role theory, suggest that although females may indirectly influence condom use decisions, providing condoms is the expected role of males, infusing them with greater control over the interpersonal process.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1993

The efficacy of intranasal DDAVP therapy in children with nocturnal enuresis.

This prospective self-controlled study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Desmopressin (DDAVP) in the treatment of childhood primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) and the diurnal variation of ADH secretion and urine excretion/concentration in these children. Twenty-three children (15M,8F), aged 5-16 years, who wet their beds at least 3 nights per week were enrolled in the study. After a four-week observation period, they were hospitalized for one day to monitor intake, output, renal sonography, plasma ADH, urine and serum osmolality. Intranasal DDAVP treatment at a dose of 15-30 micrograms at bedtime was started with a 4-week titration period followed by a 3 to 6-month full dose treatment period. Subsequently the dose was tapered off for one to two months, and the patients were followed for at least two months to observe any recurrence. The results showed no diurnal difference of ADH level in these children (p > 0.05); serum osmolality decreased slightly during sleep (p < 0.01); urine production decreased, and urine osmolality increased, during sleep. Seventeen children (81%) responded with a more than 50% reduction in frequency of enuresis: 11 were excellent responders, 6 were partial responders, while 4 failed. After completion of therapy, four (19%) remained dry and were considered cured; the rest had much less frequent recurrence. There were no subjective complaints other than mild local discomfort; laboratory test results remained normal. It was concluded that intranasal DDAVP is a safe and effective treatment for PNE which usually works promptly. Given the spontaneous annual remission rate of 14%, the cure rate of 19% in this study was not satisfactory.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1994

Going through the motions.

The benefits of exercise to a person's health and self-esteem are well recognized. Yet, for the institutionalized elderly person, exercise can be a rarity. Unfortunately, too many gerontological nurses struggle to enhance their patients' quality of life and to reduce the risk of physical and mental deterioration while ignoring this basis nursing measure. Range-of-motion (ROM) exercise is one simple activity that can have unqualified results. It can strengthen an elderly person's quality of life by increasing self-control, self-functioning, independence and, thus, self-esteem.

Aged↗