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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Sympathomimetic drug use in adolescents presenting to a pediatric emergency department with chest pain.

BACKGROUND: Drug use has been associated with chest pain in adults presenting for emergency care. The association of drug use and chest pain in adolescents presenting to a pediatric emergency department has not been evaluated. METHODS: Urine drug testing was conducted in a convenience sample of healthy adolescents with chest pain (cases) and compared to a control group of adolescents presenting with other complaints to a pediatric emergency department. Exclusion criteria were known diagnoses associated with chest pain (e.g., cardiac disease, sickle cell disease) and major trauma (due to its association with drug use). Urine drug testing consisted of 2 screening tests and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmation of all positive or indeterminate results. All patients completed a questionnaire regarding recently prescribed, over-the-counter, and illicit drug use. RESULTS: Twenty-eight cases and 26 controls completed the study over an 11-month study period. No cases or controls were positive for cocaine whereas marijuana was detected in 7 (25.0%) cases and in 7 (26.7%) controls. Five (17.8%) of the cases but none of the controls were positive for ephedrine (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Ephedrine exposure appeared to be associated with chest pain in adolescents presenting for emergency care and marijuana was the most common drug of abuse, regardless of presenting complaint.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Plasma-levels of endothelin-1 and angiotensin-II and reactivity of arterial blood pressure to exogenous sympathomimetics and vasoactive peptides in rat model of malignant renal hypertension.

BACKGROUND: There is still considerable uncertainty regarding sensitivity of arterial blood pressure to endogenous peptides in renal hypertension. Many pathological processes including hypertension have been shown to be associated with release of endothelin-1 (ET-1). However the role of ET-1 in regulation of arterial blood pressure in hypertension is still controversial. OBJECTIVES: The role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and angiotensin-II (AT-II) in malignant phase of renovascular hypertension has been assessed on the basis of arterial blood pressure increase and ETA receptor density measurements in Glodblatt-hypertensive rats (RVH). RESULTS: The arterial blood pressure response to sympatomimetic amines, vasopressors, the plasma ET-1 and AT-II levels as well as renal subtype-ETA receptor density were significantly increased in RVH rats with malignant hypertension. The dominance of vasopressor ETA receptors in RVH rats suggest the contribution of endothelin peptides to malignant renovascular hypertension. (Tab. 1, Fig. 7, Ref. 25.)

Acetylcholine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Agitation in head injury. II. Treatment with antidepressant, sympathomimetic, beta blocker , dopaminergic and other drugs].

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature of the past 20 years, using the articles indexed in MEDLINE, on the drug treatment of agitation in traumatic head injury. DEVELOPMENT: The treatment of agitation in traumatic head injury should be based on well-designed, randomised, placebo-controlled studies which justify any particular decision regarding drug use. However, care of the agitated traumatic head injury patient is based on the management of other related disorders, on the response of similar patient populations and clinical experience based on empirical observation. Amongst the drugs available, carbamazepine is the most widely used for post-traumatic agitation, followed by antidepressants and as a third option propranolol. We discuss other drugs which are used less frequently in post-traumatic agitation. CONCLUSIONS: Many drugs are used and there is little agreement on the subject. However, with regard to certain characteristics of the agitation, different pharmacological treatments may be recommended.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗