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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Presumptive diagnosis of anaerobic bacteremia by gas-liquid chromatography of blood cultures.

By quantitative gas-liquid chromatography of glucose-containing blood cultures at the moment of first signs of growth, a presumptive diagnosis of anaerobic bacteremia could be made in 24 out of 26 cultures yielding obligate anaerobes upon subsequent culture. With Bacteroides sp. (20 strains isolated), elevated levels of isovaleric acid (greater than or equal to 0.1 mumol/ml) and/or succinic acid (greater than or equal to 5 mumol/ml) were detected in the medium used. An exception to this were two strains of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron that did not produce sufficient quantities of these acids. In the case of butyrate-producing gram-positive cocci (four strains), butyric acid in amounts of greater than or equal to 0.8 mumol/ml was detected. Propionibacteria (five strains) produced propionic acid in amounts of greater than or equal to 3.9 mumol/ml. No false positive results were found in 103 blood cultures with growth of aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria only.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of succinate combined with cytochrome C on postischemic disorders in the skeletal muscle of the extremities].

A combination of succinic acid and cytochrome c was studied for effects on skeletal muscle carbohydrate metabolism in the extremities of rats with experimental arterial occlusion. The administration of the agents into the ischemic area allowed the stores of glycogen and ATP to be preserved, by lowering the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase fraction V in the skeletal muscle of rats with extremity ischemia. The intraperitoneal administration of the agents produced no positive metabolic effect.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Effect of neuronol on lifespan and development of spontaneous tumors in SAMP-1 mice with genetically accelerated aging.

Treatment of female SAMP-1 mice with Neuronol (drug containing succinic acid) given with drinking water starting from the age of 2 months during the whole life prolonged the lifespan and markedly reduced mortality of animals aged 1.5-2 years. Neuronol inhibited the development of spontaneous tumors, primarily lymphomas, and significantly prolonged lifespan in mice with tumors. Long-term treatment with Neuronol had no pathological side effects. Our experiments demonstrated geroprotective and anticarcinogenic activity of Neuronol and safety of its long-term use.

Aging↗
PubMed2001

Effect of nutritional and environmental conditions on the production and composition of rhamnolipids by P. aeruginosa UG2.

The production of rhamnolipid biosurfactants by P. aeruginosa UG2 was examined under different culture conditions. Rhamnolipid yield was affected by the nature of the carbon sources, the nutrient concentrations, pH, and age of the culture. Hydrophobic substrates like corn oil, lard (rich in unsaturated and saturated fat), and long chain alcohols maximized biosurfactant production (100-165 mg/g substrate). Hydrophilic substrates like glucose, and succinic acid delivered poor yields (12-36 mg/g substrate). Rhamnolipid production was greater when N as (NH4)(2)SO4 and trace metals were added in several periodic doses rather than at the beginning of the process. Increased biosurfactant production was seen in cultures maintained at neutral pH relative to cultures allowed to develop acidic conditions (pH = 6.25). Although the level of rhamnolipid production was affected by culture conditions, the distribution of rhamnolipid subspecies did not vary between cultures. A dirhamnolipid species containing two 10 carbon alpha-hydroxy fatty acids [Rh2C10C10] was the most abundant in the mixtures (60.6 mol%), while the levels of the monorhamnolipid [RhC10C10] (20.7 mol%) and two dirhamnolipids [Rh2C10C12 and its dehydro variant Rh2C10C12-H2] (18.7 mol%) were similar. Biosurfactant mixtures produced with corn oil as sole carbon source solubilized the herbicide trifluralin [2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamine] to a greater extent. This suggests that the presence of incompletely metabolized hydrophobic by-products acting as co-solvents can increase the solubilization capacity of biosurfactant mixtures.

Alcohols↗
PubMed2004

[Study on extraction and isolation of active constituents from Sorbaria sorbifolia and antitumor effect of the constituents in vivo].

OBJECTIVE: To study the constituents from Sorbaria sorbifolia and their antitumor activities. METHODS: The constituents were isolated with silia gel column chromatography and identified by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis. Thirty six mice were inoculated with sarcocarcinoma 180 according to the standard method, Sorbaria sorbifolia ethyl acetate etract was administrated for 10 days, tumor and body weight, the activities of NK cell and the contents of TNF-alpha, IL-2 in serum were detected. RESULTS: Three compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract and identified as 5,2',4'-trihydroxy-6,7,5'-trimethoxyflavone(I), succinic acid(II) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid(III). The tumor of the test groups were lighter than that of control group(P < 0.05). There was no remarkable difference between the control and test groups in body weight (P > 0.05). The activity of NK cell and the contents of TNF-alpha, IL-2 in serum were higher than that of control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Compounds I and II were isolated from Sorbaria sorbifolia ethyl acetate extract for the first time. The ethyl acetate extract could improve immune function and strengthen antitumor effect in sarcocarcinoma 180.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of malonate on various aspects of hepatic metabolism].

Malonate was tested for its effects on rat hepatic metabolism of [1,4-14C]-succinic acid and [1-14C]-glycerol. The administration of malonic acid did not limit [1,4-14C]-succinate metabolism and change the rate of radioactive labelling from [1-14C]-glycerol to the total lipid fraction, as well as the fraction of phospholipids and triacylglycerides. However, there was a reduction in the use of glycerol as a precursor of higher fatty acids and cholesterol. It is suggested that the detected effect of malonate is due to its action on oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Novel roles for the rho subfamily of GTP-binding proteins in succinate-induced insulin secretion from betaTC3 cells: further evidence in support of the succinate mechanism of insulin release.

We have previously demonstrated regulatory roles for Rho subfamily of G-proteins in glucose- and calcium-induced insulin secretion. Herein, we examined regulation by these proteins of insulin secretion from betaTC3 cells elicited by mitochondrial fuels, such as the succinic acid methyl ester (SAME). Preincubation of these cells with Clostridium difficile toxin-B (200 ng/mL), which monoglucosylates and inactivates Cdc42 and Rac1, markedly decreased (> 70%) SAME-induced insulin secretion. Furthermore, exposure of betaTC3 cells to GGTI-2147 (20 microM), a selective inhibitor of the requisite prenylation of Rac1 and Cdc42, significantly reduced (> 80%) SAME-induced insulin release, suggesting that post-translational prenylation of these proteins is necessary for SAME-induced insulin release. Western blot analysis indicated localization of Cdc42, Rac1, and Ras in the beta cell mitochondrial fraction. Confocal microscopy revealed a modest, but inconsistent, increase in the association of either Rac1 or Cdc42 with Mitotracker, a mitochondrial marker, following exposure to SAME. These data suggest that activation of preexisting intramitochondrial Rac1 and Cdc42 may be sufficient to regulate SAME-induced insulin secretion. Together, our findings support a role for G-proteins in insulin secretion at a step dependent on mitochondrial metabolism. They also identify mevalonate-derived, isoprenoid modified Rho G-proteins as specific signaling molecules in recently proposed succinate mechanism of insulin release.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Effects of stress factors, bioregulators, and synthetic precursors on indole alkaloid production in compact callus clusters cultures of Catharanthus roseus.

Compact callus cluster (CCC) cultures established from Catharanthus roseus consist of cohesive callus aggregates displaying certain levels of cellular or tissue differentiation. CCC cultures synthesize about two-fold more indole alkaloids than normal dispersed-cell cultures. Our studies here show that additions of KCl, mannitol, and a variety of synthetic precursors and bioregulators to the CCC cultures markedly improved indole alkaloid production and release of these alkaloids into the medium. Treatment with 250 mM mannitol and 4 g/l KCl yielded 42.3 mg l(-1) and 33.6 mg l(-1)of ajmalicine, respectively; these amounts were about four-fold higher than the control. Succinic acid, tryptamine, and tryptophan feedings also significantly increased ajmalicine (41.5 mg l(-1), 36.9 mg l(-1), and 31.8 mg l(-1), respectively) and catharanthine (21.1 mg l(-1), 17.2 mg l(-1), and 18 mg l(-1), respectively) production by the CCC cultures, while geraniol feeding inhibited biomass and alkaloid accumulation. We also found that tetramethyl ammonium bromide could significantly improve ajmalicine production (49.3 mg l(-1)) and catharanthine production (18.3 mg l(-1)) in C. roseus CCC cultures. The mechanisms responsible for these treatment effects are discussed herein.

Acyclic Monoterpenes↗
PubMed2005

Evolutionary programming as a platform for in silico metabolic engineering.

BACKGROUND: Through genetic engineering it is possible to introduce targeted genetic changes and hereby engineer the metabolism of microbial cells with the objective to obtain desirable phenotypes. However, owing to the complexity of metabolic networks, both in terms of structure and regulation, it is often difficult to predict the effects of genetic modifications on the resulting phenotype. Recently genome-scale metabolic models have been compiled for several different microorganisms where structural and stoichiometric complexity is inherently accounted for. New algorithms are being developed by using genome-scale metabolic models that enable identification of gene knockout strategies for obtaining improved phenotypes. However, the problem of finding optimal gene deletion strategy is combinatorial and consequently the computational time increases exponentially with the size of the problem, and it is therefore interesting to develop new faster algorithms. RESULTS: In this study we report an evolutionary programming based method to rapidly identify gene deletion strategies for optimization of a desired phenotypic objective function. We illustrate the proposed method for two important design parameters in industrial fermentations, one linear and other non-linear, by using a genome-scale model of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Potential metabolic engineering targets for improved production of succinic acid, glycerol and vanillin are identified and underlying flux changes for the predicted mutants are discussed. CONCLUSION: We show that evolutionary programming enables solving large gene knockout problems in relatively short computational time. The proposed algorithm also allows the optimization of non-linear objective functions or incorporation of non-linear constraints and additionally provides a family of close to optimal solutions. The identified metabolic engineering strategies suggest that non-intuitive genetic modifications span several different pathways and may be necessary for solving challenging metabolic engineering problems.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

Microbial catabolic diversity in soils contaminated with hydrocarbons and heavy metals.

Understanding indigenous microbial function in contaminated soil is crucial to the successful development and use of bioremediation technologies. We measured the catabolic diversity of indigenous microbial communities in soils with a 30-yr history of Pb, Cr, and hydrocarbon (HC) contamination using a modified substrate-induced respiration method. There were characteristic differences of microbial respirations in the response of highly versus less contaminated soils to the range of organic substrates used. The catabolic response to glucose as compared to succinic acid was approximately 1:5 in less contaminated soils, but 1:25 in highly contaminated soils. In contrast, the response ratio to glucose versus aromatics was about 1:0.4 in less contaminated soils and 1:1 in highly contaminated soils. Principal components analysis (PCA) of the responses confirmed that catabolic diversity differed between highly and less contaminated soils. Univariate analysis also indicated that catabolic diversity was reduced in highly contaminated soils. This catabolic difference was strongly associated with the alteration of microbial community composition. Statistical analyses suggested that the variation in microbial community catabolic diversity was attributed to HCs more than to Pb and Cr.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2000

Benefits of 2.94 micron infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization for analysis of labile molecules by Fourier transform mass spectrometry.

A 2.94 microm Er:YAG laser was used together with a commercial Fourier transform mass spectrometer to study labile biomolecules. The combination has shown superior performance over conventional 337 nm ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (UV-MALDI) Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS), especially for the analysis of peptides with post-translational modifications. With succinic acid as a matrix, the sensitivity of the single-shot analysis was increased by an order of magnitude to the low femtomole level, with significantly less fragmentation observed. Intact molecular ions of a range of O-glycosylated and sulfated peptides were detected. Urea was found to induce even less fragmentation, although at the expense of the total ion yield. Molecular ions of a noncovalent complex (vancomycin + diacetyl-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala) have been observed for the first time in MALDI-FTMS. 2.94 microm infrared (IR) MALDI also produced abundant molecular ions of a range of nonbiological samples, including C60 and C70 fullerenes as well as dimetal coordination complexes.

Calibration↗
PubMed1994

Differential induction of adult and fetal globin gene expression in the human CML cell subline KU-812F/33.

Various chemicals which are known to have positive effects on differentiation of some erythroid cell lines were tested on a human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line, KU-812F. Succinic acid, 5-azacytidine, daunomycin, and hemin showed a positive effect. Among them, hemin and 5-azacytidine were the most effective inducers for erythroid differentiation of KU-812F cells. Dimethylsulfoxide, cytosine arabinofuranoside, and sodium n-butyrate showed no effect. In addition, subclone KU-812F/33 derived from the KU-812F cell line showed differential expression of the beta- and gamma-globin genes in the presence of either 2 microM 5-azacytidine or 40 microM hemin. Hemoglobin synthesis in differentiated KU-812F/33 cells was analyzed by isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis, and S1 mapping analysis of beta- and gamma-globin mRNA was performed. After treatment with 5-azacytidine, the beta-globin gene expression was predominantly enhanced (18.75-fold higher level of beta-globin mRNA). After treatment with hemin, the most notable increase was in the gamma-globin gene expression (1.83-fold higher level of gamma-globin mRNA), while no increment of beta-globin was observed.

Azacitidine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development and validation of a cost-effective, efficient, and robust liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of the acetyl and succinoyl content in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate polymer.

A reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the determination of the content of free acetic acid, free succinic acid, acetyl substituents, and succinoyl substituents in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS; Chemical Abstracts Service Registry No. 71138-97-1) polymer. This single new method gave accurate and precise measurement of both acetyl and succinoyl substituents, which had previously required 3 Japanese Pharmaceutical Excipients (JPE) methods to accomplish. Consequently, analysis time and turnaround time are decreased significantly. Furthermore, this method can also separate and determine the free acetic and succinic acids in HPMCAS polymer, a task that the corresponding JPE method cannot achieve. The values for accuracy (average recovery from 12 standard samples) were 99.9% for acetic acid and 99.8% for succinic acid. The values for injection precision (relative standard deviation [RSD]) were 0.11% for acetic acid and 0.28% for succinic acid. The values for intermediate precision (RSD) were 1.25% for determination of the acetyl content at the 8.78% (w/w) level and 1.33% for determination of the succinoyl content at the 10.9% (w/w) level. The values for intermediate precision (RSD) were 5.98% for determination of free acetic acid at the 0.12% (w/w) level and 5.13% for determination of free succinic acid at the 0.029% (w/w) level. The method was proven to be robust with respect to variation in the pH of the mobile phase, the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the flow rate. The method is well suited for quality control in today's fast-paced pharmaceutical laboratories.

Acetates↗
PubMed1995

Adhesion of composite to polished dentin retaining its smear layer.

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to measure the adhesion of a composite to the smear layer. METHODS: An experimental aqueous bonding agent was supplied in the form of two liquids. One contained methacryloyl tyrosine amide (MTYA), glyceryl methacrylate (GM), dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate and benzene sulfinic acid sodium salt, and the other contained glutaraldehyde, succinic acid and 2-hydroxy-3-(3,4-dimethyl-9-oxo-9H-thioxanthen-2-yloxy)-N,N, N-trimethy-1-propanaminium chloride (QTX). QTX is a unique water-soluble photo polymerization initiator. The application times and irradiation times of the experimental aqueous bonding agent were varied. RESULTS: The highest mean bond tensile strength was obtained by irradiating the bonding agent for 1 min. A 3 min irradiation decreased the mean bond strength when the bonding agent was applied to the polished dentin surface for 1, 3 or 5 min. The mean values resulting from the application of experimental aqueous bonding agent were higher than those from a commercially available bonding agent which preserved or modified the smear layer. There was a significant decrease in the bond strength after 500 or 2000 thermocycles in specimens with a 5 min application of the bonding agent, but there was no significant decrease in the bond strength when the application time was for 1 or 3 min. SEM observation showed the formation of a hybrid layer with a thickness of approximately 1-1.5 micrometers. SIGNIFICANCE: The aqueous bonding agent tested in this investigation was capable of penetrating the smear layer and the bond strength exceeded the values obtained by bonding agents that remove the smear layer.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

Possible mechanism of increase in gastric mucosal PGE2 and PGI2 generation induced by ecabet sodium, a novel gastroprotective agent.

The gastroprotective agent ecabet sodium (ecabet, 12-sulfodehydroabietic acid monosodium salt) increases the formation of prostaglandin (PG) E2 and I2 by gastric mucosa. In the present study, we examined the effect of ecabet on metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) in rat gastric mucosal cells. Ecabet (0.1-10 mM) concentration- and time-dependently potentiated the release of [14C]AA from gastric mucosal cells prelabeled with [14C]AA and simultaneously increased the production of PGE2 and PGI2. The ecabet-mediated increases in [14C]AA release and PGE2 production were both partly depressed by mepacrine (30 and 100microM) and Ca2+ chelation. Ecabet, however, showed no effect on gastric phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity and [Ca2+]i in the gastric mucosal cells. Ecabet and other dehydroabietic acid derivatives, 12-carboxydehydroabietic acid monosodium salt and mono[16-(12-sulfodehydroabietyl)]succinic acid monosodium salt, which potentiated the liberation of [14C]AA, increased the membrane fluidity of gastric mucosal cells assessed by using diphenylhexatrienepropionic acid (DPH-PA) as the probe, while 12-sulfamoyldehydroabietic acid showed no effect on either the AA liberation or the membrane fluidity. Ecabet (0.1-10 mM) increased the membrane fluidity concentration- and time-dependently in accordance with its facilitating effect on AA release. In conclusion, ecabet increases the synthesis of PGE2 and PGI2 by gastric mucosal cells through promoting the release of AA, which is partly dependent on PLA2 and Ca2+. The ecabet-induced increase in membrane fluidity may be involved in part in the liberation of AA from the gastric mucosal cells.

Abietanes↗
PubMed2006

Photodegradation of toluene over TiO(2-x)N(x) under visible light irradiation.

We report the photooxidation of toluene over nitrogen doped TiO(2) (TiO(2-x)N(x)) under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic oxidation of toluene in air over TiO(2-x)N(x) powders was studied using diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS), gas chromatography (GC), ion chromatography (IC), and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), focusing on the photocatalytic decomposition processes of toluene. Results obtained indicate that toluene, weakly adsorbed on the catalyst surface, is initially photooxidized to benzaldehyde which adsorbs onto the TiO(2-x)N(x) surface more strongly, leading to the formation of ring-opening products such as carboxylic acids and aldehydes. No gaseous intermediates were detected during the photooxidation. Major intermediates adsorbed at the catalyst surface were oxalic acid, (COOH)(2), acetic acid, CH(3)COOH, formic acid, HCOOH, and pyruvic acid, CH(3)COCOOH, whereas more complicated carboxylic species, including propionic acid, CH(3)CH(2)COOH, isovaleric acid, (CH(3))(2)CHCH(2)COOH, and succinic acid, (CH(2)COOH)(2), were also found in the early stage of the photooxidation. These intermediate products were gradually photodegraded to CO(2) and H(2)O under visible light irradiation.

Catalysis↗
PubMed1981

An attempt to improve the fertility of stored fowl semen with certain additives in a basic diluent.

The following substances were added to a basic diluent for fowl semen either separately or in combination: caproic acid, formaldehyde, acetyl carnitine, adenine, inosine, sodium pyruvate, succinic acid, dithiothreitol, sodium citrate and zinc, chloride, bicarbonate and phosphate. No significant improvement in the fertility of semen stored at 5 degrees C for either 24 or 48 hrs was obtained over that produced with the basic diluent. Dithiothreitol and sodium citrate caused a marked lowering of fertility when present in the diluent.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Galactosylsucrose and xylosylfructoside alter digestive tract size and concentrations of cecal organic acids in rats fed diets containing cholesterol and cholic acid.

Influences of galactosylsucrose and xylosylfructoside on body mass gain, the digestive tract mass and concentrations of organic acids such as acetic, propionic, butyric, lactic and succinic acid in the cecum were compared among rats fed a cholesterol-enriched fiber-free diet [cholesterol 6 + cholic acid 1.5 (g/kg)] containing either galactosylsucrose, xylosylfructoside or sucrose (100 g/kg) or the above fiber-free diet without test sugar (control) for 21 d. Body mass gain was greater in rats fed sucrose, but not in rats fed galactosylsucrose or xylosylfructoside, than in control rats. The mass of the small intestine and colon plus rectum was larger in rats fed xylosylfructoside than in control rats. Cecal contents and cecal tissue mass were heavier, water content of cecal contents was higher, and pH and ammonia concentration of cecal contents were lower in rats fed diets containing xylosylfructoside than in control rats. Galactosylsucrose had similar effects, although not all differences were significant. The concentration of hydrogen ion in cecal contents positively correlated to total cecal concentration of measured organic acids and to amount of cecal contents. Total concentration of measured organic acids in cecal contents positively correlated to cecal tissue mass. The estimated contribution of galactosylsucrose, xylosylfructoside and sucrose for body mass deposition were 0.19, -0.29 and 0.51 (g body mass gained/g sugar), respectively.

Ammonia↗