Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SOUL”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

The mind of a rationalist: German reactions to psychoanalysis in the Weimar Republic and beyond.

In this article, the author seeks to trace the various attempts on the part of well-known German psychologists in the Weimar Republic to emphasize the rational side of psychoanalysis. In doing so, the author tries to demonstrate that the early reception in this period often resembled a critique of Freud's rationalism. It is possible to discern one particular form of criticism that emerged time and again, namely the association of psychoanalysis with the rationalist mind. If researchers wish to pinpoint further what lay beneath this purported connection, then it is possible to perceive a pronounced desire to prevent analysis of what many deemed to be sacred and beyond scientific scrutiny: the soul. It is precisely this discontent with Freud's thought that survived well into the Federal Republic, when other forms of critique had been discredited or no longer commanded serious attention.

Freudian Theory↗
PubMed2003

Cranial skeletal biology.

To artists, the face is a mirror of the soul. To biologists, the face reflects remarkable structural diversity--think of bulldogs and wolfhounds or galapagos finches. How do such variations in skeletal form arise? Do the same mechanisms control skeletogenesis elsewhere in the body? The answers lie in the molecular machinery that generates neural crest cells, controls their migration, and guides their differentiation to cartilage and bone.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Functionalism and holism: community nurses' perceptions of health.

This paper reports the results of a study that was designed to explore and examine the perceptions of two groups of newly qualified community nurses about the factors they considered to be embedded within the concepts of health, health-enhancing behaviours at individual, family and community levels and their 'innermost self'. The research was exploratory in nature, and included two sample groups: group 1 comprised 16 newly qualified health visitors; group 2 comprised 16 newly qualified community mental health nurses. Purposive sampling was used and data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The group of health visitors perceived health in terms of physical fitness and functional states. At a global level they perceived the need to provide education on health matters. They gave generously to 'charities' and perceived the 'inner self' as 'that part that matters'. The group of community mental health nurses perceived health in terms of holism and being states. Their concept of health was related to listening to each individual's perception of what is 'right' and 'health-enhancing' for them. At a global level they considered the protection of the ozone layer and the promotion of a just and equitable society which focused on the reduction of poverty, to be key health-enhancing activities. They perceived their 'innermost self' to be 'that part of me that makes life worth living', and the soul. The findings have implications for developing new and creative approaches for teaching the holistic concept of health and healing. Educational activities could be designed which strive to ensure that nurses themselves have safe and health embracing opportunities for exploring all the elements that are embedded within the topic of health. Their role in facilitating holistic health promoting activities for all clients also needs to be addressed.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1998

Measuring the unmeasurable: a caring science perspective on patient classification.

AIMS: To give a short historical survey of patient classification and its motives, to analyse patient classification and especially the instrument, The Oulu Patient Classification more closely from a caring science perspective. BACKGROUND: A survey of topical literature and research on patient classification show that economic and administrative justifications predominate and the caring science connection is weak, almost non-existent. ORIGINS OF INFORMATION: Topical literature and research on patient classification and the instrument, The Oulu Patient Classification. DATA ANALYSIS: Topical literature and research were evaluated from a caring science perspective in accordance with Eriksson's theory of caring and the basic concept of man as an entity of body, soul and spirit. KEY ISSUES: Patient classification is used in staff planning and is also justified from the viewpoint of content, that is, as a method of guaranteeing good quality in the care of patients and as an expression of the prevalent caring ideology. The concept of man is reduced in current literature and research on patient classification. The Oulu Patient Classification is based on a humanistic view of man, but man's spiritual and existential needs do not emerge clearly from the manual of the instrument. CONCLUSIONS: It is essential for patient classification to start from a caring perspective. Correctly dimensioned staffing based on patient classification is a prerequisite for good care. This should be combined with a caring culture that considers the whole complexity of man in order to make good care possible.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2001

Paring down on Descartes: a review of brain noradrenaline and sympathetic nervous function.

1. The conceptual framework of mind-body interaction can be traced back to the seminal observations of the French philosopher and mathematician René Descartes (1596-1650). Descartes succeeded in eliminating the soul's apparent physiological role and established the brain as the body's control centre. 2. While the pivotal role played by the central nervous system (CNS) in the maintenance of physiological and psychological health has long been recognized, the development of methods designed for the direct examination of human CNS processes has only recently come to fruition. 3. There exists a substantial body of evidence derived from clinical and experimental studies indicating that CNS monoaminergic cell groups, in particular those using noradrenaline as their neurotransmitter, participate in the excitatory regulation of the sympathetic nervous system and the development and maintenance of the hypertensive state. 4. In essential hypertension, particularly in younger patients, there occurs an activation of sympathetic nervous outflows to the kidneys, heart and skeletal muscle. The existence of a correlation between subcortical brain noradrenaline turnover and total body noradrenaline spillover to plasma, resting blood pressure and heart rate provides further support for the observation that elevated subcortical noradrenergic activity subserves a sympathoexcitatory role in the regulation of sympathetic preganglionic neurons of the thorocolumbar cord.

Arteries↗
PubMed1998

Child rearing and cultural beliefs and practices amongst Thai mothers in Victoria, Australia: implications for the sudden infant death syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the perceptions of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and to describe the role of cultural beliefs and practices on child rearing amongst Thai mothers in Victoria, Australia. METHODOLOGY: In-depth interviews and participant observation conducted with 30 Thai mothers during 1995-96. RESULTS: SIDS was not known amongst these Thai mothers prior to migration to Australia. However, they were aware of SIDS when they gave birth here and all of them expressed fear about their baby's death. Due to this fear, most mothers tended to follow Thai beliefs and practices strictly to prevent death. These included breast-feeding, not leaving the infant alone at nighttime, placing the infant on the side or back to sleep, and bedsharing. It is considered that there are numerous evil spirits who may harm the infant, but some are benevolent and protect the newborn, such as ancestral spirits and the guardian angel of a child. Several Thai rituals are carried out to protect the newborn from ill health and death, including inviting the soul of the infant to reside in his or her body, and ritual clipping and shaving the hair of the newborn within the first month of life. CONCLUSIONS: Cultural beliefs, rituals and child-rearing practices help Thai parents to overcome their fear of SIDS. Hypotheses derived from Asian parents' child rearing practices may be useful in further SIDS research.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

'It comes together at the end': the impact of a one-year subject in Nursing Inquiry on philosophies of nursing.

This paper reframes an interpretive study as critical inquiry as the researchers interrogate their roles and authority in the 'reading' of what is valued as reflective. Working from data collected in written philosophies and interviews within the context of a one-year subject aimed at developing reflective practice and an appreciation of ways of knowing, this paper examines the change in philosophies of nursing perceived by three university-based educators and their students. The study reveals a growing appreciation of the complexity of nursing but a limited consideration of the dialectic of critical theorising and everyday engagement necessary to critical reflection and reconstruction of action. More importantly, the process of research collaboration raises questions of the soul-searching necessary for university educators to act against the institutionalised political context that determines what is seen to be of value in student learning.

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Key elements for church-based health promotion programs: outcome-based literature review.

Although not a new concept, church-based health promotion programs have yet to be widely researched. Few of the initial studies used randomized and controlled designs. Dissemination of study results has been sporadic, with findings often reported in church periodicals. A renewed interest in church-based health promotion programs (CBHPP) is emerging. The purpose of this article is to propose seven key elements found in a literature review to be beneficial in establishing church-based community health promotion programs that demonstrated desired health promotion outcomes. Based on the outcomes of successful CBHPP, the following key elements have been identified: partnerships, positive health values, availability of services, access to church facilities, community-focused interventions, health behavior change, and supportive social relationships. An example of one program that embodies these elements is presented. The Heart and Soul Program, designed to increase physical activity in midlife women to reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease with advancing age, is discussed within the context of the elements for successful church-based programs. CBHPP have effectively promoted health behaviors within certain communities. To promote health and wellness in light of our diverse society and health needs, health promotion professionals and churches can be dynamic partners.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The African American experience in the Islamic faith.

Disparity of health outcomes has been identified as a key concern in the health of Americans. Marginalization of the African American population may be a contributing factor. Identification of health protectors may prove key in decreasing disparities. The effect of spirituality on health is discussed. A historical overview of the African American experience in the Islam faith, from the Nation of Islam to universal Islam, is presented. A systematic assessment of the Islamic faith, with emphasis on the African American Muslim, was conducted as an assessment for a Community Health Nursing class. Leininger's Sunrise Model of Culture Care Diversity and Universality, with the ethnonursing model of data collection, served as the framework for data collection and analysis. The Islamic faith was noted to offer holistic direction for a "way of life" that promotes health and harmony of the mind, body, and soul. Implications for research were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blood- legend laden liquid of life.

Blood banking is still plagued with the double problem of an inadequate supply of donors and inappropriate ordering policies by many physicians. Attempts to change these conditions by educational programs have met with only limited success. This paper lists and discusses many of the folklore beliefs attributed to blood and shows that many of these primitive beliefs still can be found today. Both donors and physicians, being human, may be influenced by these myths, many of which couple blood with the soul or with a vital essence in the blood. The reluctance to donate and the use of blood as a tonic rather than a therapeutic medium may both be based on a carryover of some of these beliefs. If this thesis is correct, education of both the physician and donor must be based as much on a phychotherapeutic approach to erase firmly established misconceptions as on a strict scientific educatory method.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2000

Tell me a story: a walk down ASPAN's memory lane.

Happy Birthday ASPAN! Our Society celebrates its 20th birthday this year. This anniversary issue of the Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, and the 20th National Conference in Boston, 2001, will culminate a year of celebration for ASPAN. In the Breathline (November/December 1999), an article was printed requesting narratives or stories from perianesthesia nurses who are ASPAN members. The invitation was extended to share in the celebration of our success. Over 70 stories were sent in, some quite lengthy and detailed, and others with bulleted information of selected memorabilia. All share the heart and soul of ASPAN and of perianesthesia nursing. The heart of ASPAN is its membership-the memories we share about thefounding of our Society and its meaning in our lives are poignant. The excerpts included in this article are taken from perianesthesia nurses' stories. The member voices are heard, the passion is stirred, and the pride is evident. The stories were displayed at the ASPAN National Conference in Kansas City, MO, in April 2000, during ASPAN's kickoff birthday celebration, Walk Down Memory Lane, sponsored by the ASPAN Foundation through a grant from Stryker, Inc. The Conference was a perfect opportunity to stir the passion of perianesthesia nurses, to remember how we got started, and celebrate what we have become. Milestones, such as this anniversary, are significant events as we consider the past, the roots worth nourishing, and the years ahead. The stories are placed in 1 of 4 themes: Historical Perspective, Regional Pride, Personal Meaning and Passion, and National Conference. Expect to see several other themes emerge as well. Professionalism, mentoring, nursing friendships, focus on patient advocacy, and certification are frequently repeated. As individuals, ASPAN members share their own accomplishments with humility, surprise, and delight. The power and dignity of volunteer efforts and of our specialty Society are palpable. ASPAN thanks each author who took the time and effort to relate theirpersonal memories. Individual credentials for each writer are listed at the end of the article.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed2000

Biophysical body-brain-mind unity: theory and practice.

A novel substance-attributed biophysical theory of brain-mind unity is presented. We separate spiritualism and matters of the soul from the medical sphere. Biophysical principles are responsible for the body's operational regimen (BOR) in the homeostatic state which allows for materialization and emergence of the mind; Excitation and/or inhibition modulate 8 BOR stages. There is automatic (somatic) and non-automatic (biophysical and psychological) Circadian cycle control. Computer-analog input and output occurs in wired neuronal electric pathways. Biotechnological devices located in emotional neurons positively signal homeostatic and negatively signal deranged BOR and biophysical mind operations. Macro and/or micro cerebral lesions which affect homeostasis may cause psychopathology, which can be treated with 'instrumental psychotherapy' (IPT) which enables recovery from homeostatic disorder in Phase 1, refining EGO in Phase 2, and social competence in Phase 3. The theory of brain-mind unity and practice of IPT is geared to medical workers and biophysical psychologists.

Biophysical Phenomena↗
PubMed2003

[Health promotion--a new approach in psychiatry].

Since its beginnings, the ideology of psychiatry has been determined by the paradigm of a disease model. Practically all psychiatric schools are characterized by their orientation towards a morbid, atypical behaviour. This, however, inevitably narrows the view of the soul of a person. Despite mental illness, resources are always present, these though are not recognized and not utilized. The theory of salutogenesis with its search for health preserving factors has significantly expanded insight on dynamic mental processes. The resulting concept of health promotion attempts to develop patient's self-healing powers by identifying healthy parts and supporting them by instructing patients in active participation. From a health promotion viewpoint, it is necessary to intervene at three levels: 1. At the patient level in the form of guidance and help to actively participate in the healing process. 2. At the staff level in the form of creating healthy work conditions and the promotion of active participation in the creation of this work environment. 3. At the level of psychiatric institutions in the form of promoting efficient communications structures within and between the various services. This paper describes the concept of health promotion in psychiatric services and its possible influence on the reshaping of theory and practice in psychiatry--necessary in the face of current challenges.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

[BUDDA SYNDROME/Hmam Budda].

Hmam Budda is one of the widest spread "culture specific symptom presentations" in Tigrigna, the largest ethnic group in Eritrea. According to the understanding of the Tigrigna Budda is a female or male person who has inherited or acquired the supernatural gift and ability to take over people's body and soul. Mental disorders that are closely associated with possession phenomena are often attributed to Budda. The case study presents a first description of Hmam Budda by using a clinical vignette that was indigenously interpreted (emic approach). The traditional concepts of explaining and approaching mental distress and their meaning in the encounter with main stream psychiatry are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Termination of a scandal--solution of the oracle of Apollo at Delphi in psychiatry (corrigendum to papers previously published in this journal) (author's transl)].

Endogenous psychoses are pathological disorders of time sensation. Disorders generally classified as "mental insanity", "mental illness" or "psychoses" are disorders involving time. The mind can become derailed or go astray on the lines of time consciousness. Mental and biological life are inseparably interlinked on the basis of time, and will be apprehended by perception and experience as a uniform structure within the co-ordinates of space and time. In this manner, the "Body and Soul" problem loses the character of an insoluble riddle.

Biographies as Topic↗
PubMed2000

Toward a general theory of persons.

The fundamental question I consider is the following: What is it that makes one thing a person and another thing not? I do not provide a complete answer; rather I begin to develop a framework for answering the question. In this essay I do the following: (1) distinguish between the powers possessed by persons and the constitutions of persons, and propose some metaphysical conjectures concerning the relationship between persons' powers and their constitutions; (2) propose for Christians, as well as for others, an hylomorphic soul-body alternative to Cartesianism; (3) highlight some prominent differences between the nature of human persons to problems in biomedical ethics concerning the ontological and moral status of human embryos and of the comatose.

Beginning of Human Life↗
PubMed1999

Artful imaging of the brain. From logo to metaphor, about Michelangelo and Kiefer.

Michelangelo has painted the fresco 'Creation of Adam' for the Sistine Chapel. Recently it was discovered that he had an outline of the brain concealed in Gods cloud. As a renaissance artist he was not supposed to believe that the brain is the seat of the soul. Only when the concept of structure and function of the central nervous system had developed, artistic presentation of the brain did become possible. The conceptual painter Kiefer, who is possessed by Germany's recent and past history, expressed his apprehension using the philosopher Heidegger and his writings as symbol and a naked brain as metaphor.

Anatomy, Artistic↗
PubMed2001

The originality of Descartes' theory about the pineal gland.

René Descartes thought that the pineal gland is the part of the body with which the soul is most immediately associated. Several prominent historians (such as Soury, Thorndike and Sherrington) have claimed that this idea was not very original. We re-examine the evidence and conclude that their assessment was wrong. We pay special attention to the thesis about the pineal gland which Jean Cousin defended in January, 1641.

History, 17th Century↗