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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Surveillance of scrub typhus in Taiwan].

Although scrub typhus, a rickettsial exanthematous febrile disease, has designated as a reportable communicable disease in Taiwan since 1955, only Pescadores island, Hualien and Taitung counties had more reported and confirmed cases. Suspected dengue fever and scrub typhus serum specimens sent from the Bureau of Health and health stations to this institute from January 1991 to December 1992 were tested for antibody to scrub typhus by indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFA). The results showed that: 1) there were serologically positive cases in many counties except Hsinchu and Iilan, 2) the disease occurred mostly from July to October, 3) more males than females were infected and their age ranged from 21 to 60 years old with a peak of the twenties and 4) higher incidence rate in children under five years old was observed in Pescadores and Orchid islands. The above data call the attention of people and physicians to be aware of the fact that there were probable scrub typhus cases in every county in Taiwan.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spotted fever group rickettsial infections in Australia.

More than four decades ago, Rickettsia australis was discovered to be the etiologic agent of Queensland tick typhus (QTT), yet many unanswered questions persist about the ecology, epidemiology, and clinical features of this disease. We review 46 previously published cases of QTT along with 16 cases discovered by active surveillance. QTT is usually a mild disease. Patients often have regional lymphadenopathy and eschars. Some have vesicular rashes. Because clinical features overlap, serologic tests are necessary to distinguish QTT from other endemic Australian rickettsial diseases (scrub and murine typhus). Only two tick vectors of R. australis have been identified: Ixodes holocyclus and Ixodes tasmani. Until rickettsiae are isolated from patients in Victoria and Tasmania, it remains unproven that spotted fever group infections in these locations are due to R. australis. However, available serologic, epidemiologic, and clinical data suggest that QTT is not confined to the area in which R. australis was first isolated (Queensland); rather, it occurs along a 3,200-km span of eastern coastal Australia, from tropical to temperate climates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[A cluster sampling method and possibility of using it for mass screening of rickettsial infections].

Cluster sample technique has become a standard methodology for evaluation of immunization coverage and assessment of morbidity and mortality due to vaccine preventable and diarrhoeal diseases. The method is based on obtaining data in 30 randomly selected clusters and considered a statistically justified and economical alternative to the simple random sample approach. Cluster sample technique seems a relevant methodology for seroepidemiological studies and other surveys conducted as a part of surveillance of Rickettsial diseases.

Cluster Analysis↗
PubMed1998

Purification of Piscirickettsia salmonis and partial characterization of antigens.

Piscirickettsia salmonis is the etiological agent of salmonid rickettsial septicemia, an economically significant disease affecting the salmon aquaculture industry. As with other rickettsial pathogens, antigenic analysis of P. salmonis has been limited by the inherent difficulties of purifying an intracellular organism away from host cell material. In this report, we describe the use of diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium (DMDS) density gradient centrifugation to purify P. salmonis grown in chinook salmonis was consistently concentrated in a visible band within the DMDS density gradient at density of 1.15 to 1.16 g ml(-1). Recovery of purified, viable organisms from DMDS density gradients varied from 0.6 to 3%. Preparations of uninfected CHSE-214 cells, CHSE-214 cells infected with P. salmonis, and gradient-purified P. salmonis were compared using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to assess the degree of purification and to identify P. salmonis-specific proteins. Although gradient-purified P. salmonis preparations were not completely free of host cell material, 8 bacterial proteins were identified. Polyclonal rabbit antiserum was used in an immunoblot of proteins from purified P. salmonis to identify 3 major and 5 minor antigens. The major antigens of 56, 30 and 20 kDa were potential candidates for experimental vaccines and development of novel diagnostic assays.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Reemergence of rickettsiosis in Oran, Algeria.

The presumptive cases of Mediterranean spotted fever have been identified in 1993 and since that time, its frequency has steadily increased. The prospective study, in summer 2004, was conducted in order to present the descriptive clinic and epidemiology, to identify more severe forms, the presence of the multiple eschars, and different rickettsial strains caused the disease in our region. In Oran, the cases were diagnosed clinically. In Marseille, serum specimens were tested by IFA using the panel of eight rickettsial antigen; Western blot and cross-adsorption studies were also performed in order to confirm the diagnosis. Ninety-three patients clinically diagnosed were recorded from July 3 to October 28, 2004. Eighty percent were male, the mean age was 44.3 years, 90% were exposed to dog and 32% reported tick bites. Clinical signs were as follow: presence of underlying disease (44%), sudden onset (78%), fever (100%), loss of weight (63%), conjunctivitis (43%), and a tache noire was noticed in 70%. Interestingly, two patients had two and three eschars, respectively. The rash was maculopapular (palm and sole) and purpuric in nine cases. Doxycycline was the most antibiotic (91%) with favourable outcome in 91% of the cases. Malignant form with death is reported for three patients (3.2%). Among the 93 patients, 104 serum from 65 patients were tested (serums of others patients were lost or ticket not found on tube. Sixty-three patients out of 65 had a positive serology by IFA with cross-reactive antibodies especially between R. conorii, R. felis and/or R. typhi. Two others negative serology were: one precocious serum and second from the patient, which presented symptoms of MSF and tested two serums, Western blot and cross-adsorption.

Algeria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Study of antibodies against viruses, chlamydiae, rickettsiae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children with respiratory diseases.

Seroconversion to different viral, chlamydial, rickettsial and mycoplasma antigens was followed up in 134 children aged 0-6 years, hospitalized with different respiratory diseases. Parainfluenza viruses type 1, 2 and 3 and adenoviruses appeared to be involved in the etiology of most of the cases; respiratory syncytial virus was often found to play a role in pneumonia/bronchopneumonia and in "influenza-like illness", while chlamydiae and M. pneumoniae could be incriminated in cases of "influenza-like illness", as well as in the other categories of respiratory disease. Mixed infections with the agents studied could be detected.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1989

[The occurrence and significance of Chlamydia psittaci and Coxiella burnetii in dogs and cats. A study of the literature].

With this review of the literature it is demonstrated that not only infections with Chl. psittaci and C. burnetii do occur in dogs and cats in the Federal Republic of Germany but also clinical diseases caused by these agents may occur. Especially in diseases with uncharacteristic symptoms both bacteria have to be taken into consideration as causative agents. Since both agents cause zoonotic infections a correct diagnosis is of special importance, especially if the owner of a diseased dog or cat or members of his family show signs of disease also. In cases of unidentified disease or of a rickettsial zoonosis identification of the causative agent must be tackled by cultural or serological investigation. Direct or cultural identification is often not possible so that serological techniques have to be applied. Besides established serological techniques sensitive enzyme immunoassays are useful tools for securing a diagnosis.

Animals↗