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PubMedDate not supplied

[Adapted parenteral nutrition of the newborn infants during prolonged artificial respiration].

The changes in some parameters of the metabolic status have been studied in mature newborns with meconial aspiration syndrome on prolonged controlled lung ventilation and parenteral nutrition given according to different schemes. Early correction of metabolism by individual adjustment of doses of the preparations used for parenteral nutrition correlates with the improvement in clinical signs and leads to a decrease in lethality and sepsis morbidity.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

[Modern forms of artificial respiration].

Mechanical ventilation has become a widely used technique in anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine. Difficulties arise with patients who suffer from acute or chronic pulmonary disease. Lung models are used to simulate the behaviour of healthy and diseased lungs and to optimize breathing patterns. Flow-controlled ventilation is suitable for healthy lungs. Diseased lungs need more finely differentiated ventilatory modes that adapt to the different time constants within the lung. PCV seems to have some advantages in ventilation of such lungs. It has been demonstrated that prolongation of inspiratory time and inversion of the I:E ratio can open nonventilated compartments of the lung and thus reduce intrapulmonary shunt. BiPAP ventilation and APRV serve the same purpose. Additionally, they support spontaneous breathing of the patient. Weaning from the respirator can be achieved by either reducing the number of mandatory breaths (IMV, SIMV, MMV) or reducing the work of breathing by applying inspiratory pressure support (PSV). Both techniques can be applied simultaneously. BiPAP ventilation and APRV are also suitable for weaning patients from a ventilator. Respirators able to adapt breathing patterns to the lung mechanics of a patient automatically on the basis of a breath-to-breath lung function analysis (ALV) are currently in clinical development.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

[Artificial respiration with extracorporeal membrane oxygenator in arteriovenous position without pump. Experimental study].

PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis of respiratory support and to study the consequent hemodynamic alterations, we performed pumpless A-V ECMO using a 1.2m2 polipropylene hollow fiber membrane oxygenator, specially adapted from conventional model utilized in routine cardiac surgery. METHODS: Two canine groups of six dogs each were studied. Group 1 had normal lungs and group 2 acute respiratory failure induced by 0.035ml/kg intravenous oleic acid. The dogs were anesthetized and maintained in apnea with curare. Heparin was given in a single dose of 400U/kg. Gasimetric and hemodynamic parameters were monitored each 30 minutes during a 3 hour period. Then the oxygenator was discontinued and after 15 minutes a final arterial blood gas sample was taken for analysis. RESULTS: Blood samples at 3 hours have shown a mean PaO2 of 260.6mmHg in group 1 and 114.4mmHg in group 2 and PaCO2 of 54.3 and 56.2mmHg, respectively. After the oxygenator was discontinued PaCO2 levels increased to 161.6 and 193.7mmHg, respectively. The hemodynamic parameters shown few alterations. CONCLUSION: In both groups pumpless A-V ECMO was able to maintain gasimetric parameters within acceptable patterns and compatible with life, with few hemodynamic alterations. However, an adequate mean arterial blood pressure is needed to provide flow through membrane oxygenator.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Artificial respiration in status asthmaticus. Five years experience in an intensive care unit].

A restrospective study was performed on patients presenting with status asthmaticus and admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of the Provincial Clinical and Surgical Teaching hospital, Pinar del Río, within a 5-year period and who underwent mechanical ventilation representing 32.65% of the overall number of admissions in the ICU. Fifty seven percent of the patients were women with an average age of 48 years. The mean intubation time was 60 hours. At admission, the patient's clinical condition was assessed, as well as the cause for intubation and ventilatory parameters that are being used up to date. Complications and the mortality rate which increased to 9.38% were also analyzed. All results were compared to the ones from other authors, as well as from the national and international literature.

Adolescent↗