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Results for “RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT”

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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chromosome aberrations in different tissues of the murine rodents and amphibians from radionuclide-contaminated regions of Belarus].

Cytogenetic investigations of amphibian and rodent populations from the contaminated by radionuclides regions of Belarus was conducted. A significant increase in the levels of cytogenetic anomalies in bone marrow cells and intestinal epithelium of amphibians and rodents, the levels of alveolar macrophages of rodents, and micronuclei in peripheral blood erythrocytes of amphibians was revealed. Presence of chromosome type aberrations indicates that radiation as a mutagenic factor was involved. No strict relationship between the levels of contamination of the area and levels of cytogenetic anomalies was found.

Amphibians↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The adaptation of natural plant populations to chronic irradiation due to the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

The effects of plant seed additional irradiation in the 8th and 9th post-Chernobyl reproduction were studied by the test "chromosome aberrations in seedling root meristem". In most of plant species investigated, seeds developed in the radiocontaminated zone were more radiosensitive than those from the "clean" zone. This fact shows the lack of adaptation to chronic irradiation and the availability of the potential genetic lesions that are realized into mutations under the influence of extreme factors. The effects of seed additional irradiation in some plant species indicate an increase in plant radioresistance.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1997

Lungs exposed to nuclear catastrophe: one-year therapeutic programme in Chernobyl liquidators group.

The high prevalence of chronic respiratory problems in cleaning technicians (so-called "liquidators") of the destroyed reactor at Chernobyl and prolonged persistence of inhaled radioactive particles in their lungs suggested a substantial link between radioactive exposure and the diseases observed. Taking into account the importance of the problem, we started this study with the aim of establishing an effective and useful therapeutic program and assessing its efficacy during a one-year period of treatment. Chernobyl liquidators (n = 20) were screened by clinical history, physical examination, lung function test, chest radiograph, electrocardiogram, complete blood cell counts, serum chemistry, immunological blood tests, and complete BAL fluid investigation. One group of the patients (n = 10) underwent a special one-year treatment including polyvitamins, N-acetylcysteine, and therapeutic BAL every 3 months. The technique of therapeutic BAL has proven to be a promising and effective tool in the treatment of lung diseases induced by inhalation of radioactive particles.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The consequences of the Chernobyl accident one decade after the disaster.

An international conference organised by the European Commission, the International Agency of Atomic Energy and the World Health Organization took place in Vienna, Austria on 8-12 April 1996. The EC/IAEA/WHO International Conference: One Decade after Chernobyl, was aimed at summing up the consequences of the accident. This article has been prepared on the basis of the Conference proceedings, discussions held during individual sessions and original publications devoted to this subject. All the materials are in the author's possession and can be made available to those interested.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A comparative study of the immunological (antimicrosomal antibodies) and cytogenetic indices of children living in radioactively contaminated areas of Bryansk Province].

The chromosome dicentric aberrations in the lymphocytes and levels of antibodies to human thyroid microsomal antigen in the serum of the children lived in the area of Bryansk Province suffered from the Chernobyl accident was examined. Correlation between those tests was not estimated: the autoantibodies were revealed in group with dicentrics and without those in 4.0% and 4.5% of cases correspondingly. Antimicrosomal antibodies were revealed more frequently (5.0%) and in higher titers in the children from the more polluted Bryansk Province than in those from Kaluga Province (3.1%). These data can testify about the role of inside radiation of thyroid gland in appearance of autoimmune thyroiditis signs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Health impacts of large releases of radionuclides. Physical transport and chemical and biological processes in agricultural systems.

The purpose of radioecological models is to make realistic estimates of doses to the public after accidental releases of radionuclides into the environment. Important physical, chemical and biological processes involved in the dispersion and transport of radioactive substances in the atmosphere and along the food-chains are presented. The results of the EURAD (EURopean Acid Deposition) model, predicting the deposition patterns of 131I and 137Cs in Belarus and Ukraine after the Chernobyl accident, are discussed. An overview of the most important ecological processes--such as deposition, interception and translocation, weathering, transfers from soil to plants and from plants to animal/animal products, and seasonality in agricultural environments--is given. Examples corresponding to these individual processes, mainly experimental results after the Chernobyl accident and related to radiocaesium and radioiodine, are shown and discussed.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1997

Health impacts of large releases of radionuclides. The radioecological significance of semi-natural ecosystems.

The transfer of radiocaesium to many food products either produced in or harvested from semi-natural ecosystems is high compared with intensive agricultural areas. Radiocaesium contamination levels in semi-natural foods are highly variable and difficult to predict. Spatial analysis may help to explain some of the variability and give improved estimates of the total output of radiocaesium in food products produced or harvested from semi-natural ecosystems. Consumption of foodstuffs from semi-natural ecosystems can contribute significantly to radiocaesium ingestion by humans. The long effective half-lives that occur for some semi-natural products lead to an increase with time in their importance compared with agricultural products. In determining the importance of semi-natural food products, the diet needs to be considered for both the average population and for special groups who utilize these environments to a greater extent than normal. Effective countermeasures have been developed to reduce radiocaesium levels in some semi-natural products.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1997

Health impacts of large releases of radionuclides. Late somatic health effects.

This chapter reviews the risks of radiation-induced cancer for the dose range likely to occur after releases of radionuclides into the environment. Epidemiological evidence from exposed workers and the atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki is surveyed. Influences on such risk functions of individual related quantities (e.g. age, sex, nationality, time since exposure and organs exposed) and of radiation modality-related quantities (e.g. dose, dose rate and radiation quality) are also briefly discussed.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1998

Radioactivity measurements on migrating birds (Turdus philomelos) captured in the Comunidad Valenciana (Spain).

The radionuclides 137Cs, 134Cs and 90Sr have been measured in edible tissues and bones of migratory birds (song-thrushes, Turdus philomelos) from central and northern Europe and captured in the Comunidad Valenciana, Spain in the 1994 autumn-winter season. Eight years after the Chernobyl accident, extensive agricultural lands in Europe are still contaminated and this study shows that there was a transfer of radioactive isotopes to the captured migratory song-thrushes. The whole-body dose commitment to humans consuming these birds is estimated.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1997

[The Chernobyl incident: dose assessment in Italy and Europe].

The radiological impact of Chernobyl accident on the Italian population has been reassessed on the basis of the activity average values, measured in environmental and food matrices since 1986. The evaluation has been made taking into account the new risk estimates by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Moreover, in order to compare the calculated doses with data from Whole Body Counter and to check models describing the time trend of radioactive contamination, the activity levels systematically measured in the Emilia Romagna district (Northern Italy) were considered. The dose assessment has been compared with the European one made by UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation).

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[The Chernobyl incident: emergency management in Italy and other European countries].

Several measures were adopted by European countries in the aftermath of the Chernobyl accident. In this paper these measures are reviewed and the European Communities initiatives for food marketing and exports are analyzed, together with the reference levels for radioactive concentration in the main food matrices chosen in different European countries in the very few days after the accident. A particular attention has been devoted to the emergency management in Italy, outlining exhaustively the laws enforced at the time of the accident and explaining how the reference levels for food contamination were chosen. Finally, a tentative balance about emergency management in Italy is struck and some questions are raised about the commitments undertaken or to be undertaken by international institutions.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Historical overview of the project "Sunshine" in Belgium.

The project "Sunshine" was originally focused on the study of strontium 90 from the world-wide radioactive fallout and its effects on man. It was one of the most important projects the USAEC had ever had. It was being conducted as a scientific study, the primary purpose of which was to discuss the scientific truth and present the facts publicly. The implementation of the Project in Belgium started in 1958 and developed into two main directions: a) Environmental survey and b) Experimental research in both natural and controlled conditions. The paper described the characteristics of the seven stations "Sunshine" distributed in the typical agricultural regions of the country, their sampling, the analytical procedures used and the results obtained (relationship rain/grass; milk/grass; the observed ratio etc.). Experimental researches performed in natural conditions aimed to investigate the influence of the yield of the grass/crops on the direct retention of the deposited fission products; other experiments watched the transfer of radiostrontium and radiocesium from soils to plants; several experiments on artificially contaminated pastures grazed by cows allowed to clarify the importance of such factors as the methods of feeding and types of pastures for the transfer of major radionuclides to milk. Experimental researches conducted in controlled conditions dealt with such topics as study on the retention of strontium 90 in soil, studies on foliar contamination by radiostrontium and radiocesium, absorption and distribution in plants of Sr and Ca, discrimination between Sr and Ca during the transfer from feed to cow milk, study on the contamination by the major fission products of the milk products. Finally tentative countermeasures were tested: application of significant amounts of stable strontium in contaminated soils and influence of alginate on radiostrontium absorption from contaminated milk to piglets.

Belgium↗