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PubMed2000

Limited (information only) patient education programs for adults with asthma.

BACKGROUND: A key component of many asthma management guidelines is the recommendation for patient education and regular medical review. A number of controlled trials have been conducted to measure the effectiveness of asthma education programmes. These programmes improve patient knowledge, but their impact on health outcomes is less well established. At its simplest level, education is limited to the transfer of information about asthma, its causes and its treatment. This review focused on the effects of limited asthma education. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to assess the effects of limited (i.e. information only) asthma education on health outcomes in adults with asthma. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Airways Group trials register and reference lists of articles. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and controlled trials of individual asthma education involving information transfer only in adults over 16 years of age. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Trial quality was assessed and data were extracted independently by two reviewers. Study authors were contacted for missing information. MAIN RESULTS: Eleven trials were included. They were of variable quality. Limited asthma education did not reduce hospitalisation for asthma (weighted mean difference -0.03 average hospitalisations per person per year, 95% confidence interval -0.09 to 0.03). There was no effect on doctor visits, lung function and medication use. The effects on asthma symptoms were variable. There was no reduction in days lost from normal activity, but perceived asthma symptoms did improve after limited asthma education (odds ratio 0.40, 95% confidence interval 0.18 to 0.86). In one study, limited asthma education was associated with reduced emergency department visits (weighted mean difference -2.76 average visits per person per year, 95% confidence interval -4.34 to 1.18). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Use of limited asthma education as it has been practiced does not appear to improve health outcomes in adults with asthma. However the use of information in the emergency department may be effective, but this needs to be confirmed.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

On the Stability of Electrochemically Generated Nanoclusters-A Computer Simulation This work was supported by Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), by Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la Provincia de Córdoba (CONICOR), by the Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (SeCyT-UNC; program BID 802/OC-AR PICT Nr. 06-04505) and by the Fundación Antorchas (E.P.M.L and M.G.D.) as well as by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under the program "Grundlagen der elektrochemischen Nanotechnologie" (W.S.). Some of the calculations were performed on a Digital workstation financed by the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung.

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Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

From field experiments to program implementation: assessing the potential outcomes of an experimental intervention program for unemployed persons.

Demonstrated a procedure suggested by Bloom (1984) to provide estimates for the effects of an intervention on its actual participants compared to global effects on study participants in the intervention group, whether or not they showed up. Analyses were based on data collected in a field experiment that tested a preventive intervention for unemployed persons (Caplan, Vinokur, Price & van Ryn, 1989). Effect size estimates were two to three times larger for the actual participant group than for the entire experimental group on employment outcomes (e.g., earnings) and mental health (anxiety and depression). Further analyses produced results showing that compared to participants, the nonparticipants achieved significantly higher levels of reemployment at posttests and did not differ significantly from participants on all other outcomes. The results suggest that persons who most needed the intervention and benefited from it were drawn into it through self-selection processes.

Adolescent↗