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PubMed1976

Evaluation of drug prevention programs by youths in a middle-class community.

Based on an analysis of data fron a survey of middle-class junior and senior high school youths in a New York City surban community, this paper examines: (1) young peoples' reaction to various drug prevention programs in which they have involved and (2) the program topics they would like to see discussed. Important relationships are found to exist between substance use, prevention program evaluations, and desired program topics. The results suggest that the youths selectively relate to and want prevention experiences that confirm their substance relationships.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Evaluating occupational health and safety programs in the public sector.

BACKGROUND: Two case studies are presented of public sector occupational health and safety (OHS) program evaluations, one of an occupational medicine and safety program (OMSP), one of an employee assistance and wellness program (EAWP). METHODS: Both audits involved interviews with key personnel, review of written documentation and physical resources, chart audits, and surveys of the programs' stakeholders. RESULTS: Key findings of the OMSP evaluation were that the various functions were substantially hampered by the absence of an integrated information system. Mechanisms for effective coordination, communication, and feedback were also lacking. The EAWP audit concluded that it provided a valuable and needed service. The mission, staff, facilities, and services offered were in line with the needs of the served community. DISCUSSION: Differences between private and public sector OHS program evaluation include programmatic and environmental factors such as resource availability, organizational structure, and accountability. Similarities include trends in both sectors forcing programs to justify themselves in terms of economic benefits to their respective organizations.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

[Evaluation of multidimensional screenings within prematurity-dysmaturity-preventive programs].

Evaluation of multidimensional screenings within the prematurity-dysmaturity-preventive-programmes. We estimated the PDP-programmes recommended in literature. The result is discussed together with the analysis of our 6000 investigated cases. We found, that, the published scores, using many factors and basing on multidimensional regression or discriminant analysis, give not a satisfactory result in predicting birth of a newborn with low weight. If you wish predict right 90% of all low birth weight infants, your risk group contains about 50% of all pregnant women. If you wish to have only a trifling risk group of 10% of all pregnant women, you can predict right only about 50% of all infants with low birth weight. We recommend for practice to go an other way. We find it is better for prophylaxis and therapy of the threatened premature labour to diagnose and treat special risks as placenta praevia, multiple pregnancies, hemorrhage during pregnancy, smoking and anamnestic previous prematurity. The summarizing of risk points is to our opinion of minor importance. Only pregnant women with risks, which need expansive apparatus and specialists, should be sended for a perinatal center (Rh-incompatibility, hydramnious, suspicious malformation, severe intern diseases). Especially the diagnosis and therapy of genetic defects must be carried out in a center. About the possibility with genetic diagnostic to diminute the birth of impaired children of low weight is given a particular explanation.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1983

Research in cancer patient education and compliance.

A study design has been presented which has the advantage of combining the research questions of education program evaluation and patient compliance. While it would be possible to evaluate education programs in other ways (e.g., using a sample of all program participants rather than a sample of all patients for whom a regimen was recommended), such an alternative design would not assess the potentially significant proportion of noncompliance which might occur when the regimen recommendation is made. It is the specification of inception cohorts as the study population that allows the accrual of more complete compliance data for the regimen as well as evaluation data for the education program. Given the recognized need for data on the compliance of cancer patients, the added cost of specifying inception cohorts for education program evaluations seems small. The proposed research design has the potential to contribute to cancer control programs: 1. a careful evaluation of new education programs for patients; 2. modifications of education programs based on feedback from professionals and patients during the initial implementation; 3. needed data on cancer patient compliance with extended detection and treatment regimens; and 4. increased understanding of the process of patient compliance, including identification of key variables in the health belief model which account for compliance among cancer patients.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed2002

[Workplace health promotion program quality evaluation questionnaire].

There are substantial reasons for undertaking the evaluation of workplace health promotion (WHP) programs. The most important ones are: (a) the need to guarantee a competent organization of programs; (b) the feasibility to evaluate WHP programs, which take the form of medical services offered to employers on the health service market; (c) the need to disseminate the idea and support the workplace health promotion lobby; and (d) the use of evaluation as a tool for analyzing WHP promulgation process. The implementation of the scientifically-based evaluation of health promotion programs carried out in regularly functioning enterprises is very limited, hence the increasing interest in procedures of quality assessment already known and accepted by enterprises. This approach is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). In the European Union countries, a questionnaire on the workplace health promotion program evaluation is promulgated within the European Network for Workplace Health Promotion. The National Center for Workplace Health Promotion that coordinates the activities of the National Network for Workplace Health Promotion Centers in Poland has developed a Polish version of the questionnaire adopted to local conditions. The author presents the criteria and the most essential solutions that provided the ground for designing the questionnaire to be used by the organizers of WHP programs in enterprises for self-assessment of their own activities. It reflects the views on the strategy of the WHP evaluation presented by the National Center, and contains a simplified procedure that does not involve control groups so difficult to gather under the concept of "health promoting enterprise". The idea of control groups is usually misunderstood and disapproved by the management of enterprises involved in the implementation of WHP programs.

European Union↗
PubMed1982

Enhancing program review for evaluation and management.

Program review has not received the attention it warrants as a program evaluation tool despite its wide use for evaluation and management purposes. The use of the program review will probably endure on the strength of its face validity and irrespective of other developments in the field of program evaluation. Evaluators should realize this and, accordingly, attempt to improve its effectiveness. This paper presents one organization's approach to achieving this objective through the explication of development principles, implementation guidelines and review items. This paper also discusses benefits that can be expected from a systematic development of this tool and presents various research directions and potentials in this area.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed2004

Application of the transtheoretical model to health education for older adults.

The application of theory to practice can be challenging. This article describes the experiences of one organization in applying the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) to a health promotion program for older adults, Health Stages. The concepts of the model, especially stage of change, were successfully used for program planning, curriculum development, and program evaluation. A Programming Grid was developed to guide curriculum development and evaluate if programs were reaching out to people at all stages of readiness to make healthy changes. Other TTM constructs, including self-efficacy, decisional balance, and processes of change were incorporated into the Health Stages curriculum. Evaluation showed that the pilot sites increased their offering of action- and maintenance-oriented programs, filling in the gaps in current programming. Older adults were receptive and interested in the model. The TTM enhanced the program by providing a framework for design and a method for reaching a wider audience of older adults with important health information.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

The family bereavement program: efficacy evaluation of a theory-based prevention program for parentally bereaved children and adolescents.

This article presents an experimental evaluation of the Family Bereavement Program (FBP), a 2-component group intervention for parentally bereaved children ages 8-16. The program involved separate groups for caregivers, adolescents, and children, which were designed to change potentially modifiable risk and protective factors for bereaved children. The evaluation involved random assignment of 156 families (244 children and adolescents) to the FBP or a self-study condition. Families participated in assessments at pretest, posttest, and 11-month follow-up. Results indicated that the FBP led to improved parenting, coping, and caregiver mental health and to reductions in stressful events at posttest. At follow-up, the FBP led to reduced internalizing and externalizing problems, but only for girls and those who had higher problem scores at baseline.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

Linking evaluation and program development. The case of AHCPR-supported clinical practice guidelines.

Within a research organization such as the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR), the process of evaluating program performance must often be integrated with a larger research and development agenda. The blending of evaluation and program development (research and development activities undertaken to build expertise and knowledge in a specific programmatic area) can both strengthen the quality of a program and enhance the science of evaluation research. This article describes AHCPR's evaluation strategy and highlights evaluation activities for the agency's clinical practice guideline program. A case study is presented to illustrate the unique methodological challenges in guideline evaluation, the creation of new tools and approaches for evaluating clinical quality, and the benefits of linking evaluation research with program development.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Explaining variation in the effects of welfare-to-work programs.

Evaluations of government-funded training programs often combine results from similar operations in multiple sites. Findings inevitably vary. It is common to relate site-to-site variations in outcomes to variations in program design, participant characteristics, and the local environment. Frequently, such connections are constructed in a narrative synthesis of multisite results. This article uses findings from the evaluations of California's Greater Avenues for Independence (GAIN) program and the National Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work Strategies (NEWWS) to illustrate why it is important to question the legitimacy of such syntheses. The discussion is carried out using a simple multilevel evaluation model that incorporates models of both individual outcomes within sites and variation in program effects across sites. The results indicate that tempting generalizations about GAIN and NEWWS effects are statistically unjustified but that significant progress might be made in identifying the determinants of program effects in future demonstrations with some changes in evaluation strategy.

Employment↗
PubMed1979

The behavioral control of obesity: a descriptive analysis of a large-scale program.

Evaluated a behavoiral treatment program for 147 obese patients in a Weight Control Clinic. Weight losses during treatment averaged 11.01 pounds with large inter-S variability. Unlike past studies, patients continued to lose weight during a 6-month follow-up period. Weight loss was associated with age and initial degree of obesity, but other demographic and psychological variables failed to predict success in treatment. A critical examination of the attrition problem was carried out to determine the relationship between patient variables and the propensity to terminate treatment prematurely. Results demonstrate the utility of bahvioral treatment procedures for obesity, yet further research is needed to reduce attrition and to facilitate long-term maintenance of weight loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of the community phase of a regionalized medical education program.

Evaluation of the community phase of a regionalized medical education in the states of Washington, Alsska, Montana and Idaho (WAMI) is producing data to suggest that peripheralization of medical education, including remote site clinical training, offers a viable alternative to traditional methods.

Area Health Education Centers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitative approaches to the evaluation of screening programs.

The evaluation of screening programs for cancer is considered. Initial evaluation has to be in terms of mortality, but increasing importance should be attached to measures which evaluate the interaction of early detection with the disease process. These include the degree to which diagnosis is advanced, both in time and in stage of disease, and the ability of the screening test to identify presymptomatic lesions. Randomized trials are of major importance in establishing--in quantitative terms--the benefits of screening; in their absence, case-control methods can be adapted for this purpose, but cannot provide evidence of the same rigor. Currently, only screening for breast cancer and cervical cancer have been fully demonstrated to be effective.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1983

A program of evaluation and research for hospital based home care.

A program of evaluation and research has been developed and initiated in a large Hospital Based Home Care Program which principally serves chronically-ill, elderly veterans. Program evaluation is based on data from an automated home care information system developed for this purpose. The information system is based on the Long-Term Health Care Minimum Data Set, a nationally-recommended data set which describes patient demographics and physical and mental health status, and health services provided. Home care and related costs per visit and per patient day have been identified. A proposed, experimental research protocol identifies health status outcomes and health care costs of home care and alternative modes of long-term health care.

Arkansas↗
PubMed1999

Using focus groups to evaluate an education program.

Two evaluation studies were carried out in 1995 and 1997. The first evaluation assessed tile effectiveness of the Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner's education program and its impact on mental health and psychiatry in Belize. The second study was done to determine if the mental health services were sustained in the country. Interviews and focus groups were used for data collection. In this paper the focus is on the findings from the focus groups. The findings show that the PNP's role performance was adequate, they have made an impact on the mental health services and the services are sustained.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗