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Results for “Personality Development”

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PubMed1981

The Viet Nam Era prisoner of war: precaptivity personality and the development of psychiatric illness.

The author examines the role of the preexisting personality structure in the development of psychiatric illness after prisoner of war (POW) experience using case studies of six repatriated Viet Nam POWs who were coincidentally evaluated before their captivity. Findings indicate that the presence of psychiatric illness or predisposition to psychiatric illness is neither necessary nor sufficient for the development of psychiatric illness after repatriation. Personality changes reflect both adaptation to the captivity environment and the impact of the ego-ideal over that of the punitive elements of the superego. The perspective of personality change rather than psychopathology is more explanatory of the findings.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Scleroderma and Paul Klee: Metamorphosis of life and art?].

Paul Klee was born in 1879 in Münchenbuchsee, not far from Bern, and died at the age of 60 in Switzerland due to severe scleroderma, which was diagnosed in 1936. From this time on, this connective tissue disease had followed him continuously and had strongly influenced his enjoyment of life, personal development and creative power in art work, before finally causing his death in 1940. Based on diaries, letters, personal remarks and notes, his case history was reconstructed from the first symptoms to the date of diagnosis up until his death and an analysis was made of the influence his illness had on his art work in aura, color, figure and productivity.

Famous Persons↗
PubMed2005

Identity change and the human dissection experience over the first year of medical training.

The aim of this study is to explore identity change in medical students over their first year of medical training, particularly in relation to their experience of human dissection. Each of our four participants completed two repertory grids at the end of term one and, again, towards the end of term three. One grid tapped their identity construction, and the other, their experience of human dissection. Our participants were optimistic about becoming similar to a doctor they admired and, towards the end of term three, began to develop a stable identity as a medical student. Their identity constructs involved three common themes: dedication, competence, and responsibility. However, the data also revealed negative reactions to the demands of training, such as feeling driven and stressed. Three major themes were apparent in their experience of human dissection: involvement, emotional coping, and ability. Our participants' dedication to their studies was reflected in their appreciation of the need to become involved actively in the process of dissection but some experienced an erosion of their self-confidence and perceived some of their colleagues to have lost much of their enthusiasm for learning. Emotional coping could be an additional challenge within this context and their reaction tended to reflect distancing processes previously identified in the literature. In all, we see a development of a vulnerable sense of professionalism alongside a frustration of losing out potentially on wider aspects of personal development due to the high work demands.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Children and the city: a summary of recent environmental psychology research.

The environmental psychology literature is reviewed as it focuses on children's needs and experiences of towns and cities. Children are, we argue, the unacknowledged outsiders in the planning and management of urban areas; yet their enjoyment of and contribution to these areas is ignored at our peril. We discuss the importance of place attachment in the child's developing personal identity; and the rich affordances of towns and cities for the child's well-being and development, alongside an assessment of the evidence about the social and physical dangers that are more frequently stressed in popular discussions: these range from strangers and street crime, to traffic and pollution. Other related topics reviewed include: children's favourite places and their role in the child's self-regulation; the role of exploration of the local area as part of the child's widening social and cognitive world; gender differences in patterns of exploration, and whether these might be changing; and examples of children's involvement at more than a token level in the planning of their communities. The role of children as consumers in the local economy, and their use of public places, malls and plazas, has often been discussed as if they were inevitably socially problematic, and that their presence inevitably led to conflicts with adult users: yet we argue for a view of cityscapes which bring the different strands of society together. We conclude by discussing those Continental European city designs which foster the participation of children in the city's social life.

Child↗
PubMed1977

Physical attractiveness, personality, and social reactions to peer pressure.

Following a hypo-deductive theoretical rationale, the relationship between physical attributes, personality development, and susceptibility to peer pressure was assessed. Male and female college students (N = 181) responded to several personality measures previously reported as characteristics attributed to physical attractiveness and a new measure designed to assess peer pressure influences (Dilemmas Test for College Students). Peer-ratings and self-perceptions of facial attractiveness, body form, and general appearance were gathered. Physically attractive persons, in comparison to their lesser attractive peers, were more likely to have internalized socially desirable personality characteristics and show resistance to peer pressure influences. Further, some evidence suggested that attractiveness was related to the internalization of cognitive-social characteristics for males and cognitive-evaluative characteristics for females.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Adolescents and computers: attitude, personality and motive for interaction].

This empirical study was undertaken to clarify controversial points emanating from previous theoretical and empirical papers dealing with apparently negative consequences on the personality development of young people who have at least a causal working-acquaintance with computers. We tested 174 persons of both sexes (age: 14-18 years) with a "Computer-Attitude-Questionnaire" and the "Mehrdimensionaler Persönlichkeitstest für Jugendliche" (Schmidt, 1981; "Multidimensional-Personality-Test"). A subgroup of 63 persons who have access to and do avail themselves of computers on a regular basis (as leisure-time activity) also answered the "Computer-Motive-Questionnaire". Statistical analyses revealed that the personality test-values of young people with a positive attitude toward computers range within the test-norm. The data for these people describe them as stress resistant, emotionally stable, well-balanced, sociable, achievement-oriented, and less aggressive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Feeblemindedness and its treatment].

The problem of feeblemindedness has been approached from a social point of view. Newer researches in socialisation have increasingly pointed out mental retardation not to be only a matter of hereditary factors, but largely determined by social environment. If it is true that one is born a retardate, it is true in a social sense. Not so much determined by genetic deficiency, but due to social environment efficient so early as in utero the retardate is born with the stigma of a "Paria". Possibilities of improvement are discussed, more attention should be given to largely unemployed areas of personal development and interpersonal communication.

Achievement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Considerations on child aggressiveness--implications for nursing].

The study approaches the requirement to professional nurses to understand the child as a developing person. In order to have this comprehension, the child aggressive behavior was approached according to some theories of development that allowed us a new perspective of action in the relationship with the child.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Dietary folate and vitamins B-12 and B-6 not associated with incident Alzheimer's disease.

CONTEXT: It is currently not known whether dietary intakes of folate and vitamins B12 and B6, co-factors in the methylation of homocysteine, protect against Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between risk of incident Alzheimer's disease and dietary intakes of folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Geographically defined biracial Chicago community. PARTICIPANTS: 1,041 residents, aged 65 years and older, initially free of Alzheimer's disease and followed a median 3.9 years for the development of incident disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Probable Alzheimer's disease identified through structured clinical neurological evaluation using standardized criteria. RESULTS: A total of 162 persons developed incident Alzheimer's disease during follow-up. In logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, race, education, cognitive activities, APOE-epsilon4, and dietary intakes of vitamin E in food and total niacin, there was no association between risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and quintiles of folate intake or of vitamin B-12 intake. The adjusted odds ratio was 1.6 (95% confidence interval: 0.5, 5.2) for persons in the highest quintile of total folate intake (median of 752.7 microg/d) compared with persons in the lowest quintile of intake (median, 202.8 microg/d). Compared with persons in the first quintile of total vitamin B-12 intake (median, 3.1 microg/d) the odds ratio was 0.6 (95% confidence interval: 0.2, 1.6) for persons in the fifth quintile of intake (median, 20.6 microg/d). Intake of vitamin B-6 was not associated with incident Alzheimer's disease after control for dietary intakes of vitamin E and total niacin. CONCLUSION: Dietary intakes of folate, vitamin B-12, or vitamin B-6 do not appear to be associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Developing a drug awareness program in an international school. Cross-cultural issues.

In 1996, as an overseas school nurse/health educator, the author designed a health and personal development curriculum for an international school in Bandung, Indonesia, where 220 children from 26 different countries were enrolled. Part of the health curriculum included a drug awareness program for students from kindergarten through high school. Many parents, students, administrators, and faculty had never been involved in such a program before; therefore, obtaining acceptance from these groups was a first step in designing the drug awareness program. Because there have been no school or government anti-drug groups to promote drug prevention, this program was the first of its kind in the international community of Bandung. A review of the literature guided the choice of intervention strategies built into the program. Information also was collected about the major risk and protective factors that are known to be associated with an increased risk of drug use in the international community. Existing models of drug use prevention were used in designing the program. As in most prevention programs, drug use was viewed as a deficit in coping or self-regulation skills. The drug awareness program was developed with emphasis on peer, school, and community factors potentially influencing the tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use of the adolescent students.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Marital dysfunction and personality characteristics of partners].

INTRODUCTION: A number of studies indicate that an early trauma is of extreme importance (most often experienced in the family of origin) in developing personality disorders. Researches on correlations between family dysfunction and individual psychopathology have been rare and controversial. The reason for this stems from an attempt to establish links between traditional medical models and systemic family therapy. The aim of this research was to explore specific personality structures of married couples and the way they relate to the type of dysfunction within the partner relationship. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 25 families in the middle of divorce. The examinees were aged 25-45. Specific interactional behavioral patterns were examined by Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), while personality profile data were obtained using Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In both groups dependency and obsessivness were marked, while males also presented with marked narcissism. Related to structural personality disorders, we have found only a group of men with significantly increased paranoid dimension. Concerning clinical syndromes, the obtained results revealed anxiety and depressive disorder in both genders and a tendency towards alcohol abuse among men. Results indicated to correlation of communication-interactive family patterns on one hand, and certain personality traits on the other.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

"A coherent datum of perception": Gordon Allport, Floyd Allport, and the politics of "personality".

This paper examines Floyd and Gordon Allport's early work on "personality" psychology. In the early 1920s, personality was an unorthodox topic, and for the Allports it initially served as an intellectual and personal bond. Floyd proposed the subject to his brother as a dissertation topic, and the two worked closely on developing personality tests. By 1924, however, "personality" had become the site of a dispute between the two brothers over the intellectual and methodological character of American psychology. The present study examines the origins of this dispute, while gauging the personal and professional ramifications of the dispute. On a larger level, this essay explores the role and meaning of "personality" in the academic culture of 1920s America.

Behaviorism↗
PubMed2000

Understanding peer education: insights from a process evaluation.

In the UK, peer education has become an increasingly popular way of carrying out health promotion work with young people but evaluations of its effectiveness remain largely unpublished. In particular, illuminative evaluations using qualitative methods are rarely reported both in the UK and other countries. This paper presents insights from the process evaluation of a peer education project in Fife, Scotland which was funded to explore new ways of working with young people in the areas of sexual health, HIV/AIDS and drugs. The interactive approach of the evaluation and its responsiveness to the development of the project are outlined. Factors influencing the peer education process, such as recruitment, setting, organizational context and personal development of participants, are described. Aspects of the formal and informal work carried out by the peer educators are discussed. It is hoped that the paper may provide a starting point for developing more reflective understandings about the processes involved when peers educate peers.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adaptation of self-image in burn-disfigured children.

Massive burn injury alters both the physical appearance and the functional ability of the child. The changed body necessitates concomitant alteration of the internal self-image, including feelings about the internal self or self-esteem. Six children of primary school age are being followed up in a prospective, longitudinal study to track their adaptation to burn disfigurement. Results of the first 5 1/2 years reveal that, initially, all children displayed pervasive developmental regression, accompanied by phobias, nightmares, and various other symptoms. Two years later, one half of the children had returned to the average range of development attainment. By the fifth year, five of the six children had returned to an average level of progressive personality development. The sixth child was progressing well considering cognitive and emotional deficits before the burn injury. A primary factor influencing adaptation appeared to be the role of the parent or parents in facilitating the acquisition of a positive self-image and in launching and maintaining active mastery in their children.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The really useful guide to portfolios and profiles (continuing education credit).

It is generally accepted that there is value in developing personal professional portfolios within nursing. This assumption is based on its inclusion as one of the main features of the UKCC's Standards for Education and Practice Following Registration (1): the requirement that all practitioners should maintain a personal professional profile. The fundamental purpose of the personal professional profiel is to 'provide a means for showing that nurses, midwives and health visitors have maintained and developed their professional knowledge and competence' (1). However, there is the potential to achieve much more than this rudimentary outcome. This Unit is relevant to UKCC Professional Development category Educational Development.

Accreditation↗
PubMed2001

Values identified in different groups of Air Force nurses.

Fundamental personal values are reflected in the choices and decisions made in every aspect of our lives. This descriptive study identified values held by a convenience sample of 224 Air Force nurses stationed at four U.S. Air Force medical facilities. Study participants identified seven of eight literature-supported values in the categories "important" or "very important" across the demographic factors of age, gender, educational level, military rank, marital status, and years of Air Force or civilian nursing experience. These seven values were ability utilization, achievement, altruism, autonomy, economic reward, economic security, and personal development. Personnel using this information may ease the transition process to military nursing, facilitate job placement to positions reflecting personally held values, and provide valuable insight for Air Force nurse recruiters who have limited knowledge of the nursing profession. In all, this would promote job satisfaction and Air Force nurse retention.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1998

African tick-bite fever among international travelers--Oregon, 1998.

In May 1998, the Oregon Health Division received a report from a local physician that nine persons developed annular skin lesions accompanied by influenza-like symptoms within 8 days of leaving southern Africa. All nine persons were members of a 34-person group from Oregon that traveled to Swaziland in April 1998 to participate in a 3-week humanitarian construction project. This report describes two cases of African tick-bite fever (ATBF) diagnosed in this group and underscores the importance of pretravel counseling about vectorborne illnesses and post-travel recognition of imported rickettsial diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The power of hope: patients' experiences of hope a year after acute spinal cord injury.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this present study was to explore patients' experiences of the meaning they attribute to hope and hoping a year after acute spinal cord injury. BACKGROUND: Nursing literature is pointing towards the importance of having hope for a healthful living. However, the concept of hope has preliminarily been defined in an abstract and general way and is therefore difficult to grasp. DESIGN AND METHODS: This qualitative study has a longitudinal and descriptive-explorative design. Data were collected by personal interviews (n = 10) one year after acute spinal cord injury. A phenomenological-hermeneutic approach, based on the philosophy of Ricoeur, was used to extract the essences of the patients' experiences. RESULTS: The findings resulted in one main interpretation: 'The Power of Hope', and two sub-themes: 'Will, Faith and Hope' and 'Hoping, Struggling and Growing'. The power of hope was interpreted as the individual having experienced the meaning a year after the injury, mainly expressed through will power. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that experiences of hope were important to all participants, providing energy and power to the process of struggling because hope is necessary for further progress and personal development. Relevance to clinical practice. Nursing interventions should be mainly directed towards emotional and motivational strategies to promote the will power and personal growth through learning experiences.

Activities of Daily Living↗