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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Successful use of ECMO in adults with life-threatening infections.

Two cases of critically ill patients who received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) using different forms of circuitry and for different indications are presented. Both patients had life-threatening infections with septic shock and were not able to be supported by conventional means. The first patient had staphylococcal septicaemia and received venoarterial ECMO for circulatory failure. The second patient had psittacosis and received venovenous ECMO for respiratory failure. We discuss the expanding indications for this technology and the role it has to play in adult intensive care.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Recognition of case histories by a third party].

A case report of psittacosis during pregnancy resulting in death of the child was published in this journal. The item was taken up by a newspaper, whereupon the owners of the birds that had been implicated realised that they were being described. They now felt responsible for the tragedy and complained. Anonymising patient information will never prevent recognition by the patient himself or herself. When publishing a patient history, the authors must be aware that third parties may be involved as well.

Confidentiality↗
PubMed1949

Chemotherapy in viral and rickettsial disease.

Aureomycin and chloromycetin have now been used in a number of viral and rickettsial diseases and have gone far toward fulfilling their original promise. In local trials aureomycin has been shown to be a very effective drug in primary atypical pneumonia, and a valuable drug in Q fever. A small number of cases of psittacosis appear to have responded favorably to aureomycin. The search for chemotherapeutic compounds which may be effective in other viral diseases has been sharply stimulated by these developments.

Chloramphenicol↗
PubMed1991

[Anti-Chlamydia psittaci antibodies in a healthy pediatric population].

Psittacosis or ornithosis is a bird disease caused by Chlamydia psittaci which can be transmitted to man. Little is known of the epidemiology of the disease in this region, but occasional cases which have been brought to the authors' attention have prompted an epidemiological study on the subject. The preliminary results indicate a surprising percentage, over 8%, of antibodies in infants and children. This percentage varies little in relation to place of residence, rural or urban, or the presence of animals, but confirms the high risk in parrot-owning households where anti-Chlamydia antibodies are found in 37.5% of children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Respiratory infections transmitted from animals.

The physician's approach to the differential diagnosis of obscure, atypical pneumonias has changed. The physician needs to expand the diagnostic search when confronted with a perplexing, progressive atypical pneumonia. Diseases examined in this article include anthrax, psittacosis, Q fever, tularemia, pasteurellosis, melioidosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and the plague.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Confusional form of Chlamydia psittaci encephalitis. Diagnostic value of microimmunofluorescence. A case].

A rare case of Chlamydia psittaci encephalitis is reported. The disease started with anxiety, agitation and fever (38.5 degrees C) accompanied with hallucinations and regressed within 48 hours, but a confusional syndrome persisted for 9 days. Alterations in the blood-brain barrier with low CSF protein levels and signs of lateralization could be demonstrated. The inflammatory syndrome remained discrete. The cause of the disease was disclosed by serology and epidemiological investigations. The spontaneous outcome was favourable, thus confirming that neurological forms of psittacosis are benign. This case shows that microimmunofluorescence is more sensitive than the complement fixation test and that significant levels of antibodies directed against Chlamydia psittaci may persist for almost one year in the absence of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Severe pneumopathy and acute renal insufficiency disclosing Chlamydia psittaci infection: resistance to the treatment with erythromycin].

The authors report one case of psittacosis with acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute tubulo-interstitial nephropathy and jaundice. Erythromycin therapy was uneffective but recovery was obtained with minocycline and rifampicin treatment. Early diagnosis of Chlamydia psittaci infection is mandatory in order to prevent severe complications and to institute appropriate antimicrobial therapy.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1965

Surveys of respiratory virus antibodies in an Arctic Indian population.

A study was undertaken to determine the etiological agents responsible for epidemics in a small and relatively isolated Arctic community.Three serological surveys were carried out over a four-year period employing complement fixation tests. Clinical information from the resident nurse was also available.The results indicated that of the two clinical epidemics of "influenza" which occurred during the period of study one was due to influenza virus type A; the other was unidentified. However, influenza virus type B affected approximately 30% of the population at some time during a two-year period without being clinically recognized. An epidemic affecting mainly children, which was clinically considered to be whooping cough, was probably caused by an adenovirus. A mumps epidemic with a high attack rate for all age groups which had occurred a few months prior to the first survey was confirmed. Sendai virus and psittacosis virus are probably endemic in this community.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1975

Antigenic analysis of Chlamydiae by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. II. A trachoma-LGV-specific antigen.

Two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis was utilized to study precipitins in hyperimmune rabbit serum made against chlamydiae and from patients with chlamydial infections. An antigen of Triton X-100-solubilized L2/434/Bu organisms with an electrophoretic mobility of 0.65 relative to bovine serum albumin at pH 8.6 was excised from the agarose gel of electrophorograms as antigen-antibody complexes and used to immunize rabbits. A monospecific antiserum to antigen 0.65 was obtained that reacted with Trachoma-LGV strains L2/434/Bu, B/TW-5/OT, and K/UW-31/Cx, but not with the mouse pneumonitis (Nigg) strain or the psittacosis strain meningopneumonitis (Cal-10). The Trachoma-LGV specificity of antigen 0.65 was further shown by indirect immunofluorescence straining with the monospecific antiserum of chlamydial inclusions in infected HeLa cells. Precipitins with a specificity for antigen 0.65 were indentified in 15 of 18 sera from patients with diagnosed Chlamydia trachomatis infections LGV, trachoma, nongonococcal urethritis, and nongonococcal cervicitis by using monospecific antiserum to antigen 0.65 in the peak suppression test. Thus, antigen 0.65 appears to be a Trachoma-LGV-specific antigen that has considerable promise for serodiagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Occurrence and control of psittacosis/ornithosis in West Germany].

Avian chlamydiosis remains to be an important, in birds widely spread zoonosis. In the past 15 years in the Federal Republic of Germany 6133 cases in birds or aviaries officially were recorded, 88% in aviaries consisting of psittacines, 9% in pigeons and 3% in other bird species. Among all bird species psittacines are of greatest importance for human health. Therefore, public health control measures must concentrate on these species. For this purpose the longterm-treatment with tetracyclines in feed or by intramuscular injection has proved effective since chlamydial agents perfectly can be eliminated. But control of psittacosis by medication in the hands of laymen is problematical. Effectivity of medication depends on proper and careful performance. Therefore, if treatment is necessary due to state regulations, strict surveillance, including measuring of antibiotic levels in blood, by experienced veterinary public health personnel is mandatory.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Human chlamydial infections (author's transl)].

Due either to Chlamydia psittaci or to Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydial infections are transmitted to man directly or indirectly via birds or mammals. Directly transmitted chlamydial infections may be located in the eye (trachoma, inclusion body conjunctivitis), the urogenital tract (above all urethritis but other sites are possible) or in the ENT or respiratory systems (giving rise in particular to atypical pneumonias). Reiter's syndrome (urethritis, conjunctivitis, polyarthritis, enterocolitis) and lymphogmauloma venereum are two more examples. Combinations of them are not rare. Indirectly transmitted chlamydial infections rarely affect man with the exception of psittacosis. Treatment is dominated by cyclines, erythromycin and for chlamydia trachomatis by sulphonamides.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Chlamydial infection of the respiratory tract.

Chlamydial infection of the human respiratory tract was first described over 100 years ago, when outbreaks of psittacosis were linked to imported pet birds. The causative organism was identified subsequently as Chlamydia psittaci. However, C. pneumoniae, has also been recognised recently as an important cause of human respiratory tract infection. Approximately 300 cases of human chlamydial respiratory tract infection are reported to CDSC each year, mainly in adults aged 15 to 44 years. A prospective study in Cambridgeshire showed that 76% of cases were associated with C. psittaci and 24% of cases with C. pneumoniae. There are several laboratory tests for diagnosing chlamydial infections. The complement fixation test is still the most commonly used but it cannot distinguish between different species of chlamydiae. Other serological tests, which can distinguish between different species, are only carried out in specialist laboratories. C. pneumoniae is particularly difficult to culture and C. psittaci is a grade 3 pathogen. Chlamydial antigens can be detected in sputum samples but these are not routinely sought in human chlamydial respiratory infections. There is a need to improve diagnostic techniques because rapid and accurate diagnosis leads to the use of appropriate antibiotics and will help to elucidate the epidemiology of these infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Atypical pneumonias in children.

The major agents responsible for atypical pneumonia in children include a wide variety of organisms, one Mycoplasma species, two Chlamydia species, a rickettsia, and one fastidious bacterium. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae together may be responsible for over 40% of these infections. Recognition of the role that these agents play in pneumonia is important since many of the diagnostic methods used to detect these organisms are not available in most hospital microbiology laboratories. If you don't look, you won't find. Epidemiologic factors can provide valuable clues, especially with the less frequently encountered infections, since it is almost impossible to make a clinical diagnosis on which to base treatment. A reliable history of avian exposure should suggest psittacosis, exposure to sheep or pregnant cats suggests Q fever, and children with underlying malignancy or immunodeficiency or those receiving systemic steroids may have legionnaires' disease. None of these organisms are susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics. Sometimes the diagnosis is not considered until after the child has failed to respond to a penicillin or a cephalosporin and routine bacteriology is negative. In view of the role played by M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae, a macrolide may be the first-line antibiotic for atypical pneumonia in children.

Child↗
PubMed1977

Serologic diagnosis of Lymphogranuloma venereum by counterimmunoelectrophoresis with a Chlamydia trachomatis protein antigen.

Previously a protein antigen was identified which was common to members of the species Chlamydia trachomatis and to which antibody could be demonstrated in human sera by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. The antigen has been purified by immunoadsorption chromatography, and an exploration undertaken to determine whether the detection of antibody to this antigen by counterimmunoelectrophoresis would be useful for the diagnosis of C. trachomatis infections. Antibody was found in 43 of 45 (96%) sera from patients with lymphogranuloma venerum proven by either isolation or other serologic methods. No positive reactions were observed in 50 patients with nongonococcal urethritis, 38 of whom had evidence of antibody as measured by microimmunofluorescence with whole organism antigen. Sera were also negative from 50 normal individuals, 10 persons with gonorrhea, and 2 patients with psittacosis. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis with purified C. trachomatis protein antigen appears to be a useful serologic test for diagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cryoglobulins and infectious diseases.

The relationship between infectious diseases due to various pathogenetic factors and cryoglobulin production mechanisms has been investigated. Cryoglobulins have been evidenced in infections caused by very heterogeneous pathogens, i.e. leptospirosis, psittacosis, Mediterranean tick typhus, brucellosis, gram-negative bacterial septicemias, in which they had never been previously reported. In type A hepatitis a high cryoglobulin prevalence (91%) has been confirmed during the acute phase, with a rapid decrease both in prevalence and concentration in the subsequent stages of the disease. Cryoglobulins were all of type III and were mainly represented by IgM; anti-HAV-IgM antibodies have been evidenced in all but one cryoprecipitates. In non-A, non-B hepatitis a lower cryoglobulin prevalence (44.7%) was shown during the acute phase and the same fast decrease has been noted in the subsequent stages. Cryoglobulins were all of type III and in some cases polyclonal IgG was the only Ig class present in cryoprecipitates. The cryoglobulin prevalence in the acute phase of HBsAg-positive hepatitis amounted to 73.4%; all the cryoprecipitates were of type III. No correlation between the presence of cryoglobulins and HBeAg positivity or between cryoglobulins and delta agent infections was found. In all the cases studied the presence of cryoglobulins was related to the persistence of liver damage. Cryoglobulins were not found in HBsAg chronic carriers, while they have been evidenced, by a preliminary study, in 41.6% of HTLV-III antibody-positive subjects complaining of a persistent generalized lymphadenopathy without clinical or laboratory signs of liver impairment. No HTLV-III antibodies were found by ELISA method in the type III cryoprecipitates.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1982

Hospital study of adult community-acquired pneumonia.

The cause of primary pneumonia was diagnosed in 124 of 127 consecutive adult patients admitted to hospital with community-acquired illness. Pneumococcal infection was found in 96 (76%) patients and legionnaries' disease was the second commonest infection identified (15%). Other bacterial infections were uncommon. 11 patients had atypical pneumonia, including 7 with psittacosis. There were several mixed infections and most of the 11 patients with viral infections also had bacterial pneumonia. 19 patients died (15%) and mortality was associated with increasing age, the presence of coexisting disease, and the cause of the pneumonia. Recognition of the most likely causes of severe pneumonia allows logical initial antibiotic treatment for such patients admitted to hospital.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Erythromycin compared with a combination of ampicillin and amoxycillin as initial therapy for adults with pneumonia including Legionnaires' disease.

In a double blind trial erythromycin was compared with a combination of ampicillin and amoxycillin for treating adults admitted to hospital with primary pneumonia. The clinical course of 42 patients treated with ampicillin and amoxycillin was similar to that of the 49 in the erythromycin group. Fall in temperature, symptomatic recovery and radiographic improvement were similar (two-thirds made an uncomplicated recovery). Infusion-related phlebitis was more common with erythromycin. Otherwise adverse reactions were unusual. The outcome was related principally to the cause of the pneumonia with bacteraemic/antigenaemic pneumococcal pneumonia, Legionnaires' disease, other bacterial pneumonias and psittacosis having a poor prognosis. Both forms of antibiotic therapy gave similar results but we suggest that a combination of erythromycin with ampicillin may be logical initial treatment for severe pneumonia of unknown cause.

Adult↗