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PubMed1986

Quantitative influences of butyrate or propionate on thermophilic production of methane from biomass.

Sodium butyrate and sodium propionate were continuously infused into separate 4-liter thermophilic digesters. These digesters were operated at 55 degrees C, had a retention time of 20 days, and had a pH of 7.8. Infusion rates were started at 10 mM day and were increased incrementally when new stable external organic acid pool sizes and new stable gas production rates were observed. Stable conditions were obtained in both digesters at an infusion rate of 15 mM day, with methanogenesis elevated over that of control digesters. Calculations based on expected CH(4) at this infusion rate and measured CH(4) production in the treated and control digesters, however, showed an approximately 25% inhibition of methanogenesis in both digesters. A digester infused with sodium chloride showed little or no inhibition at this infusion rate, but was totally inhibited when its infusion rate was increased to 20 mM day, and cumulative added NaCl reached 0.38 M. The butyrate and propionate-amended digesters tolerated addition rates of 20 mM day, but both failed when they were increased to 25 mM day. These results indicate that the thermophilic digesters could function stably at higher external pool sizes of butyrate or propionate than routinely observed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Short-term growth during treatment with inhaled fluticasone propionate and beclomethasone dipropionate.

Short-term lower leg growth was investigated with twice weekly knemometry measurements in 19 schoolchildren with mild asthma during treatment with daily doses of 200 micrograms fluticasone propionate, 400 micrograms, and 800 micrograms beclomethasone dipropionate from a dry powder inhaler. The design was a randomised, double blind, crossover trial. After a run in period of four days (period 1) the children were allocated to a sequence of active treatments in periods 2, 4, and 6. In periods 3 and 5 (wash out) placebo was given. All periods except the run in were two weeks long. The mean lower leg growth velocities during the wash out periods were 0.61 and 0.80 mm/week. Mean growth velocities during treatment with fluticasone propionate and low and high doses of beclomethasone dipropionate were 0.34, 0.09, and 0.06 mm/week respectively. Compared with fluticasone propionate, treatment with beclomethasone dipropionate 400 and 800 micrograms/day was associated with a statistically significant reduction in growth velocity.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1991

Fluticasone propionate in Crohn's disease.

Fluticasone propionate, a topically active corticosteroid of low systemic bioavailability after oral administration, has been used in a pilot study for the treatment of mild and moderately active Crohn's disease. Twelve patients received oral fluticasone propionate for three weeks, and the effects were monitored using the Crohn's disease activity index and by 111In granulocyte scanning, assessing inflammation from scan appearances, four day faecal excretion of radioactivity, and whole body excretion of radioactivity. All patients completed the trial. No serious side effects were reported. There was a significant fall in Crohn's disease activity index values over the three week treatment period (193 (84) v 122 (51), p less than 0.01). 111In leucocyte scan images were improved (seven patients) or unchanged (five patients). There was a significant fall in excretion of injected radioactivity calculated from whole body data (28 (21)% v 14 (0.7)%, p less than 0.05). There were no changes in plasma cortisol values, either basal or synacthen stimulated. Fluticasone propionate is a promising therapeutic agent for Crohn's disease that offers the possibility of controlling inflammation without inducing systemic corticosteroid side effects and which merits evaluation in a double blind trial versus conventional corticosteroids.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of short courses of oral prednisolone and fluticasone propionate in the treatment of adults with acute exacerbations of asthma in primary care.

BACKGROUND: Oral corticosteroids used in short courses for acute asthma are regarded as safe, although the frequent use of these drugs may result in patients suffering from systemic side effects. It has become common practice for patients to increase their own inhaled corticosteroid intake when their asthma goes out of control, but it has never been established whether a high dose of inhaled corticosteroid can be as effective as a short course of oral corticosteroid in the treatment of acute exacerbations. METHODS: A multicentre, randomised, double blind, double dummy, parallel group study was undertaken to determine whether the introduction of a high dose of inhaled fluticasone propionate (2 mg daily) is as effective as a short reducing course of oral prednisolone (starting at 40 mg/day and reducing by 5 mg every other day) in the treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma not considered severe enough for admission to hospital but requiring treatment with oral corticosteroid. RESULTS: Four hundred and thirteen adult asthmatic subjects who presented to their general practitioner with an acute exacerbation of asthma were recruited in 47 general practices in the United Kingdom. Treatment failures, defined as a reduction in peak expiratory flow (PEF) to below 60% of the patient's best/predicted value on two consecutive occasions or persistent symptoms with no improvement on three consecutive days, occurred in 23% of patients who received oral prednisolone and 27% who received inhaled fluticasone propionate (difference in percentage of treatment failures 4.3, 95% CI -4.1 to 12.8, p = 0.31). In each group 48% were classified as treatment successes, defined as a 10% or greater increase in percentage best/predicted morning PEF. Both treatments were equally well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence of a significant difference in efficacy between a reducing dose course of oral prednisolone and high dose inhaled fluticasone propionate in mild exacerbations of asthma which do not require admission to hospital.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Adrenal suppression with inhaled budesonide and fluticasone propionate given by large volume spacer to asthmatic children.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the systemic bioactivity of inhaled budesonide (B) and fluticasone propionate (F), each given by large volume spacer, on a microgram equivalent basis in asthmatic children. METHODS: Ten stable asthmatic children of mean age 11 years and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 81.6% predicted, who were receiving treatment with < or = 400 micrograms/day of inhaled corticosteroid, were studied in a placebo controlled single blind (investigator blind) randomised crossover design comparing single doses of inhaled budesonide and fluticasone propionate 400 micrograms, 800 micrograms, and 1250 micrograms. Doses were given at 20.00 hours with mouth rinsing and an overnight 12 hour urine sample was collected for estimation of free cortisol and creatinine excretion. RESULTS: The results of overnight 12 hour urinary cortisol output (nmol/12 hours) showed suppression with all doses of fluticasone propionate (as geometric means): F400 micrograms (11.99), F800 micrograms (6.49), F1250 micrograms (7.00) compared with placebo (24.43), whereas budesonide caused no suppression at any dose. A comparison of the drugs showed that there were differences at 800 micrograms and 1250 micrograms levels for urinary cortisol: B800 micrograms versus F800 micrograms (2.65-fold, 95% CI 1.26 to 5.58), B1250 micrograms versus F1250 micrograms (2.94-fold, 95% CI 1.67 to 5.15). The results for the cortisol/creatinine ratio were similar to that of urinary cortisol, with fluticasone causing suppression at all doses and with differences between the drugs at 800 micrograms and 1250 micrograms. CONCLUSIONS: Single doses of inhaled fluticasone produce greater systemic bioactivity than budesonide when given by large volume spacer on a microgram equivalent basis in asthmatic children. The systemic bioactivity of fluticasone, like budesonide, is due mainly to lung bioavailability.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1997

Adrenocortical activity with repeated twice daily dosing of fluticasone propionate and budesonide given via a large volume spacer to asthmatic school children.

BACKGROUND: In a previous single dosing study in asthmatic school children fluticasone propionate produced significantly greater suppression of overnight urinary cortisol excretion than budesonide at high doses of 800 micrograms/day or greater. The aim of this study was to assess whether conventional lower doses of both drugs cause adrenal suppression when given at steady state twice daily by large volume spacer on a microgram equivalent basis in asthmatic school children. METHODS: Eight school children of mean age 12.1 years with stable asthma of mild to moderate severity (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 78.6% predicted, mid forced expiratory flow rate (FEF25-75) 72.5% predicted), on 400 micrograms/day or less of inhaled corticosteroid, were studied in a single blind (investigator blind), placebo controlled, crossover design comparing inhaled budesonide and fluticasone propionate 100 micrograms bid and 200 micrograms bid. Each dose was given at 08.00 hours and 20.00 hours for four days by metered dose inhaler via their respective large volume spacers with mouth rinsing. Measurements were made of overnight urinary cortisol and creatinine excretion after the eighth dose. RESULTS: Neither drug produced significant suppression of overnight urinary cortisol or cortisol/creatinine excretion compared with pooled placebo and there were no differences between the drugs. Only one subject with each drug at 200 micrograms twice daily had abnormally low urinary cortisol excretion of < 10 nmol/12 hours. Ratios for the fold difference between active treatment versus placebo for urinary cortisol excretion were (as means and 95% confidence intervals for difference): budesonide 100 micrograms b.i.d 1.03 (95% CI 0.46 to 1.61), budesonide 200 micrograms b.i.d 1.04 (95% CI 0.62 to 1.46); fluticasone 100 micrograms b.i.d 1.11 (0.45 to 1.77), fluticasone 200 micrograms b.i.d 1.12 (0.78 to 1.47). Likewise, there were no significant differences in overnight urinary cortisol/creatinine excretion. CONCLUSIONS: With repeated twice daily administration at steady state across a dose range of 200-400 micrograms/day no evidence of significant adrenal suppression was found using the sensitive marker of overnight urinary cortisol excretion for either fluticasone propionate or budesonide given via a large volume spacer. These results emphasise the good safety profile in children of these inhaled steroids at conventional dose levels, which have proven antiasthmatic efficacy.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Safety and efficacy of fluticasone propionate in the topical treatment of skin diseases.

Fluticasone propionate - the first carbothioate corticosteroid - has been classified as a potent anti-inflammatory drug for dermatological use. It is available as 0.05% cream and 0.005% ointment formulations for the acute and maintenance treatment of patients with dermatological disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and vitiligo. This glucocorticoid is characterized by high lipophilicity, high glucocorticoid receptor binding and activation, and a rapid metabolic turnover in skin. Although skin blanching following fluticasone propionate exceeds that of corticosteroids of medium strength, several clinical trials demonstrate a low potential for cutaneous and systemic side-effects, even in difficult-to-treat areas like the face, the eyelids and intertriginous areas. Even among paediatric patients with atopic dermatitis, fluticasone propionate proved to be safe and effective. These pharmacological and clinical properties are reflected by the high therapeutic index of this glucocorticoid.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of nummular psoriasis with a clobetasol propionate stick.

Twenty-two consecutive patients with nummular psoriasis were treated with a 0.05% clobetasol propionate stick on the right side of the body and with 0.05% clobetasol propionate ointment (Dermovate, Glaxo) on the left according to an intermittent application schedule. The trial was open and lasted for 3 weeks. The patients were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the trial. The variables studied included: an overall clinical assessment, assessment of the lesion area, scaling, erythema and thickness and the amount of clobetasol propionate used during the trial, and a questionnaire on patients' opinions about hygienic and cosmetic qualities of the stick. No significant difference was found between the stick and corresponding ointment. From a hygienic and cosmetic point of view, the patients preferred the stick formulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Antiinflammatory effects of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate in chronic obstructive lung disease.

RATIONALE: No currently available treatment is reported to reduce the exaggerated airway wall inflammation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. OBJECTIVES: We tested the hypothesis that inhaled combined long-acting beta2-agonist (salmeterol) and corticosteroid (fluticasone propionate) will reduce inflammation. METHODS: Bronchial biopsies and induced sputum were taken from 140 current and former smokers (mean age, 64 yr) with moderate to severe disease, randomized in a 13-wk double-blind study to placebo (n = 73) or salmeterol/fluticasone propionate 50/500 microg (n = 67) twice daily. Biopsies were repeated at 12 wk and sputa at 8 and 13 wk. After adjustment for multiplicity, comparisons between active and placebo were made for median change from baseline in the numbers of biopsy CD8+ and CD68+ cells/mm2 and sputum neutrophils. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Combination therapy was associated with a reduction in biopsy CD8+ cells of -118 cells/mm2 (95% confidence interval [CI], -209 to -42; p = 0.02), a reduction of 36% over placebo (p = 0.001). CD68+ cells were unaffected by combination treatment. Sputum differential (but not total) neutrophils reduced progressively and, at Week 13, significantly with combination treatment (median treatment difference, 8.5%; 95% CI, 1.75%-15.25%; p = 0.04). The combination also significantly reduced biopsy CD45+ and CD4+ cells and cells expressing genes for tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IFN-gamma and sputum total eosinophils (all p < or = 0.03). These antiinflammatory effects were accompanied by a 173-ml (95% CI, 104-242; p < 0.001) improvement in prebronchodilator FEV1. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of salmeterol and fluticasone propionate has a broad spectrum of antiinflammatory effects in both current and former smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which may contribute to clinical efficacy.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2006

Inhaled fluticasone propionate and adrenal effects in adult asthma: systematic review and meta-analysis.

The dose-response relationship of inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP) for adrenal suppression in adults with asthma is not clear. The current authors carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomised dose-response studies of >or=4 weeks' duration, which assessed the adrenal effects of FP by cosyntropin stimulation tests in adult asthma. The main outcome measure was the proportion of subjects with adrenal function below the lower limit of the normal range. Five studies, with a total of 732 subjects with asthma, met the inclusion criteria. Data on daily doses >1,000 mug were limited to one study. The proportion of subjects with adrenal function below the lower limit of the normal range on placebo was 3.9%; for a 500-microg per day increase in FP dose the odds of an abnormality increased by 1.38 (95% confidence interval 1.01-1.59). The continuous secondary outcome measures showed an inverse linear relationship with the FP dose up to 2,000 microg.day(-1). In conclusion, for routine prescribing within the established therapeutic dose-response range (50-500 microg.day(-1)), fluticasone propionate has minimal effects on adrenal function. This conclusion is limited by the paucity of long-term studies of daily doses of fluticasone propionate >1,000 mug and by the considerable individual variability in the response.

Adrenal Insufficiency↗
PubMed1997

Distribution of inhaled fluticasone propionate between human lung tissue and serum in vivo.

High retention of inhaled glucocorticoids in the airways means prolonged anti-inflammatory action and low delivery into the serum. The objective of this study was to investigate the retention in and distribution of inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP) between central and peripheral human lung tissue and serum in vivo. In 17 patients undergoing lung resection surgery, a single 1.0 mg dose of FP was inhaled at varying time-points (range 2.8-21.7 h) preoperatively. Peripheral and central lung tissue was obtained, and blood was drawn simultaneously. FP concentrations in central lung tissue were approximately three to four times higher than peripheral lung tissue concentrations, which in turn, exceeded those found in serum by 10 times. FP was detectable up to 21 and 16 h, respectively, after inhalation, with drug levels falling almost in parallel in peripheral lung tissue and in serum. The results of this study demonstrate that fluticasone propionate is retained in lung tissue for a long time. Serum concentrations after a single inhaled dose are low. Retention of high concentrations of fluticasone propionate in the airways may promote high topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of the response of psoriasis, over a 6-month period, to clobetasol propionate and fluocinolone acetonide ointments.

Twenty-nine patients with bilateral psoriasis were treated with clobetasol propionate ointment on one side of the body and fluocinolone acetonide ointment on the other in a double-blind clinical trial lasting 6 months. With one exception, after the first month of treatment, all patients responded better on the clobetasol propionate treated side. There was a tendency for any relapses to be less rapid and less severe in clobetasol propionate treated lesions. No adverse effects from either steroid were observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Local treatment of psoriasis of the scalp with clobetasol propionate and betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate: a double-blind comparison.

A double-blind evaluation was carried out in 40 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis of the scalp to assess the effectiveness of a 0.05% alcoholic solution of clobetasol propionate as compared with a 0.05% alcoholic solution of betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate. Patients were treated on a non-selective basis with a twice a day application for 2 weeks. When comparing the effects on the parameters scaling, induration, erythema and itching it was concluded that clobetasol propionate was superior to betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate as an antipsoriatic compound. Clobetasol propionate did not cause any side-effects, while 2 of the patients using betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate developed a forehead folliculitis during the second week of treatment.

Betamethasone↗
PubMed1977

[Glucocorticoid action of beclomethasone and its propionate ester derivatives].

In the present pharmacokinetic studies on beclomethasone dipropionate in rats, it was suggested that most of the beclomethasone-17, 21dipropionate is transformed rapidly into beclomethasone-17-monopropionate or beclomethasone in the blood or tissues and exerts the glucocorticoid effect in the form of beclomethasone. Glucocorticoid activity of beclomethasone was revealed to be 1-10% that of dexamethasone both in the hypothalamopituitaryadrenocortical suppressive effect and liver tyrosine amino transferase inducing efect in rats. Beclomethasone and its propionate derivatives were shown to have higher binding affinity to glucocorticoid receptors in rat liver, thymus and hypophysis than that of dexamethasone. The experimental results herein may serve to explain why beclomethasone and its propionate derivatives showed such a weak glucocorticoid action in comparison with that of dexamethasone. The amounts of receptor-beclomethasone (or its propionate derivatives) complexes which bound specifically to liver nuclei were only 10% or less than those of receptordexamethasone complexes and the in vivo metabolism of beclomethasone and beclomethasone-dipropionate was more rapid than that of dexamethasone.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1996

Effects of inhaled fluticasone propionate and oral prednisolone on lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptor function in asthmatic patients.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the facilitatory effects of inhaled corticosteroid on in vitro parameters of lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptor function in asthmatic patients. Serum cortisol level was also evaluated as a measure of systemic bioactivity. Ten (four female) asthmatic subjects were evaluated, mean (SEM) age was 28.6(2.0) years, and FEV1 was 79.9%(8.7) predicted. Single doses of inhaled placebo (PL), fluticasone propionate, 1,000 micrograms (F1000), fluticasone propionate, 2,000 micrograms(F2000), or oral prednisolone, 50 mg(PRED), were given at 10 PM the previous night and measurements were made 10 h later. Values for beta 2-receptor density (logBmax: fmol/10(6)cells) were significantly (p < 0.05) greater than PL with PRED but not with inhaled fluticasone (as means and 95% confidence interval [CI] for difference vs PL): PL, 0.27; F1000, 0.30; F2000, 0.32; and PRED, 0.48 (95% CI vs PL, 0.075 to 0.341). Maximal cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) responses to isoproterenol hydrochloride (isoprenaline (Emax; pmol/10(6)cells) mirrored those for Bmax: PL, 4.00; F1000, 4.68; F2000, 4.26; and PRED, 7.46 (95% CI vs PL, -0.01 to 6.91). Receptor affinity (Kd) was not significantly altered by any treatment. There was significant (p < 0.05) suppression of serum cortisol (nmol/L) with F2000 and PRED compared with PL: PL, 307.9; F1000, 323.2; F2000, 130.1 (95% CI vs PL, 69.76 to 285.8) and PRED, 51.8 (95% CI vs PL, 144.11 to 368.01). Thus, high-dose inhaled fluticasone propionate did not have any facilitatory effects on lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptor parameters as compared with oral prednisolone which upregulated beta 2-receptor density and increased cAMP response. In contrast, high-dose inhaled fluticasone (2,000 micrograms) significantly suppressed serum cortisol. In conclusion, there would appear to be a dissociation in systemic sensitivity between effects of inhaled corticosteroid on adrenal suppression and lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptor regulation.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1976

A comparison of the effects of neonatally administered testosterone, testosterone propionate and dihydrotestosterone on aggressive and sexual behaviour in the female golden hamster.

Female golden hamsters received one of the following treatments on the day following birth: (i) 300 mug testosterone propionate in arachis oil, (ii) 300 mug testosterone in oil, (iii) 300 mug dihydrotestosterone in oil, or (iv) oil alone. As adults all animals, underwent three tests for behaviour. First, while intact, females were observed in aggressive interactions with males. Secondly, after ovariectomy, females were primed with oestrogen + progesterone and tested for receptivity with a stud male. Thirdly, all ovariectomized females were primed with testosterone propionate and tested for male patterns of behaviour with a receptive female. Compared with the effects of oil administration (control), testosterone propionate administration resulted in increased aggressiveness and the capacity to show male patterns of sexual behaviour, together with a decreased capacity to show female patterns of sexual behaviour. Testosterone increased aggression and male sexual behaviour, but had no effects on receptivity, while dihydrotestosterone decreased some components of receptivity but had no effects on aggressiveness or the capacity to show male mating behaviour.

Aggression↗
PubMed1996

Influence of dietary magnesium level on metabolic and growth-performance responses of feedlot cattle to laidlomycin propionate.

A metabolism trial and a growth-performance trial were conducted to evaluate the interaction of dietary magnesium level (.18 vs .32%) and laidlomycin propionate (LP) (0 vs 11 ppm, airdry basis) on utilization of a high-energy finishing diet by feedlot steers. There were no treatment effects (P > .10) on ruminal and total tract digestion of OM and ADF. However, there was an interaction (P < .05) between magnesium level and LP on ruminal starch digestion. With LP, magnesium level had no effect on ruminal starch digestion. Without LP, increasing dietary magnesium decreased ruminal starch digestion. Laidlomycin propionate decreased (P < .10) ruminal degradation of feed N (13.9%) and microbial efficiency (8.9%) and increased (P < .10) total tract N digestibility. There were no treatment interactions (P > .10) on site and extent of magnesium digestion. Magnesium absorption decreased with increased dietary magnesium (11.6%, P < .05) and LP (16.9%, P < .01). There was an interaction (P < .10) of treatments on postabomasal calcium absorption. With the low magnesium level LP increased calcium absorption, whereas with the higher magnesium level LP decreased calcium absorption. There was an interaction between magnesium level and LP on ruminal pH at .5 h (P < .05) and 8 h (P < .10) after feeding. In general, ruminal pH increased with LP supplementation at the lower magnesium level and decreased with LP supplementation at the higher magnesium level. There were interactions (P < .05) between magnesium level and LP on ruminal VFA molar proportions and estimated methane production. At the lower magnesium level, the effects of LP on VFA molar proportions were small. At the higher magnesium level, however, LP decreased (13.2%) molar proportions of acetate and increased (26.5%) molar proportions of propionate. There was an interaction (P < .05) between magnesium level and LP on feed intake. At the lower magnesium level, LP increased (3.9%) feed intake; at the higher magnesium level LP decreased (4.4%) intake. Increasing dietary magnesium enhanced ADG (6%, P < .10). Both magnesium and LP enhanced (2.8%, P < .10) diet NE, and this effect was strictly additive. There were no effects (P > .10) of magnesium level or LP on plasma magnesium concentrations. Plasma calcium concentrations were decreased by supplemental magnesium (15.2%, P < .05) and increased by LP (16.0%, P < .01). We conclude that dietary magnesium levels modulate the metabolic and performance responses of feedlot steers to supplemental LP.

Absorption↗
PubMed1987

Endocrine and body growth traits in heifers exposed to testosterone-propionate during early fetal development.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of testosterone-propionate exposure during fetal development on sexual differentiation and growth rates in heifers. Ten pregnant cows were given subcutaneous injections of testosterone-propionate (250 mg/injection) every other day during d 40 to 60 of gestation. Four cows aborted after the end of testosterone treatment, while four heifers (androgenized females) and two bulls (androgenized males) were produced from the six remaining pregnant, testosterone-propionate treated cows. Calves from cows that did not receive exogenous hormone treatment were used as controls. At 8 mo of age, the androgenized heifers and control heifers and control steers were challenged with 1 mg estradiol-17 beta to induce a preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. Two weeks later, pituitary responsiveness to exogenous luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH; 75 micrograms) was evaluated in androgenized heifers and in control heifers and control steers. To monitor growth rates, all animals were weighed at 28-d intervals from birth to 380 d of age. Androgenized females exhibited a partially masculinized phenotype as well as internal male reproductive structures. Treatment with estradiol-17 beta first depressed (P less than .05) serum LH concentrations in all animals, then induced (P less than .05) a preovulatory-like LH surge in control and androgenized females. Control steers did not (P greater than .05) exhibit a preovulatory-like LH surge following administration of estradiol-17 beta. Exogenous LHRH treatment stimulated peak LH concentrations (P less than .05) to a greater extent in control and androgenized females than in control steers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗