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PubMed1993

Resolving the primary care physician shortage. Pennsylvania Medical Society Commission on Licensure and Practice of the Health Care Professions.

The State Society's Commission on Licensure and Practice of the Health Care Professions has been working this year to develop long term solutions to the primary care physician shortage. This summary of the commission's 93-page report overviews the primary care shortage, its causes, and current efforts to resolve the shortage, and recommends long-term solutions.

Pennsylvania↗
PubMed1994

From Index Catalogue to Gopher space: changes in our profession as reflected in the Handbook and CPHSL.

A fifty-year review of the history of health sciences librarianship, as reflected in four editions of the Handbook of Medical Library Practice and its successor, Current Practice in Health Sciences Librarianship, illustrates the significant changes our profession has undergone. Publication in 1943 of the first edition of the Handbook marked an important milestone in the development of the Medical Library Association, as a group of dedicated volunteers documented standard practice and recorded useful data. Administration of health sciences libraries has moved from art to science. Responsibility for the development of collections is now the sole purview of professional librarians. Automation and bibliographic standards have revolutionized the methods for controlling and providing access to information resources. And, the means by which assistance is provided to library users, through the use of computer and telecommunications technology, has changed dramatically.

Cataloging↗
PubMed1993

Elder abuse and neglect: a concern for the dental profession.

Although elder abuse and neglect are not new problems, the dental profession is just now beginning to turn its attention to their research, detection, and prevention. Dentists are in an ideal position to diagnose and treat older patients who present with injuries to the head and neck area. This article provides information on the risk factors and indicators for elder abuse and neglect. Intervention strategies are suggested and community resources are listed. It is strongly recommended that mandatory family violence courses should be incorporated into the dental curriculum, and that dentists recognize the need for multi-disciplinary cooperation when dealing with mistreated older adults.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Optimizing computer-based system use in health professions' education programs.

The use of computer-based systems to support training in health profession education programs has been discussed and analyzed for more than 10 years. The literature is rich with examples of how using these systems can benefit programs by more effectively distributing human resources, by making the delivery of instruction more individual and more flexible, by expanding the professional and technical competence of trainees, and by improving the monitoring of trainee performance. Obstacles to and conventional recommendations for the broadened use of computer-based systems are discussed, and an additional set of system design characteristics are described that health care educators can use in their preview and specifications for procurement of more effective computer-based systems in their training settings.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Coping with occupational stresses in health professions].

A model of coping with job stressors is presented, whereby the mediating effect of coping always is goal directed. There exists a variety of stressors in health professions which call for flexible adaptation. Results of studies by this author on coping with job stressors in nursing and dentists are presented. Coping strategies of nurses are not always optimal: in factor analysis coping by will and problem solving was followed by social support; less favourable is diversion and compensation by consumption, fatalistic-depressed withdrawal or aggressive acting out. Religions support seems to be especially helpful in a subgroup. Job satisfaction remains high (80% satisfied), with progressive satisfaction going with little stress values, but poor satisfaction with high stress. In the coping process of doctors and dentists there is a better correspondence between stressors and coping strategies. Quite in contrast to the rich literature on stressors there are few studies on coping of healthcare professionals, so that it is difficult to derive general conclusions. Nevertheless, based on qualitative analysis (repertory grid by Kelly) certain typical patterns were elaborated like "manager; denier; pleaser; problem seeker". Finally intervention strategies to improve coping of health professionals are reviewed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Nursing: the endangered profession?

The history of nursing illustrates patterns that continue to threaten the recruitment and retention of nurses today. Three contemporary examples illustrate key dilemmas the nursing profession is facing. They also provide us with clues to patterns and themes that have recurred throughout our history.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1993

It's all relative. For many, the medical profession is a family affair.

Call up some households and ask, "Is there a doctor in the house?" and you may hear, "Which one do you want?" In a host of Texas families, the medical profession represents a long-standing tradition. Typically, a daughter or son follows in the footsteps of a successful parent. But in some families, the line of physicians goes back several generations and includes many branches of the family tree. A few months back, Texas Medicine invited physicians who come from medical "dynasties" to contact us about their experiences. We received an amazing array of letters, faxes, and phone calls from scores of doctors who have either two or more generations of physicians or several doctor siblings in their families. What they told us about their families was even more fascinating.

Career Choice↗
PubMedDate not supplied

"Tevilah or not tevilah"--a religious consideration for the dental profession.

General dentists are the primary care providers of the dental profession. As a result, they are at the forefront in encountering the range of circumstances for which patients seek dental care. To provide the best care, dentists must sometimes interface with other disciplines. Although dental treatment should be based on scientific principles, it should not be forgotten that a person is attached to every tooth. Here, a case is presented in which a patient's observance of orthodox Jewish law was a factor in her dental treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Assisted reproductive technology: a dilemma for the nursing profession.

Assisted Reproductive Technology, despite poor outcomes in the treatment of infertility, is poised to take on a new supplementary role to genetic engineering. As an extreme example of medical/reductionist philosophy it is diametrically opposed to the emerging commitment to holism within the nursing profession. Nurses in Australia have been noticeably absent from the debate, research and decision making that has occurred about this technology, yet the implications for professional practice are far-reaching.

Australia↗
PubMed1995

[The beginning of psychology as a profession in Argentinian universities].

Two characteristics of professional psychology in Argentine are interesting for historians. On the one hand, the omission of the large past of scientific psychology that began at the end of last century. On the other, the omission of the most recently beginning of professional psychology on '50. In this paper, we point out some political features of the process of psychology's professionalization around those latter years. The main subject of this paper, are the studies of psychology at Tucuman and Cuyo universities, on '40 and '50. In those years, the social and industrial changes in the country, leads to new problems of adaptation to job and to environment. Those subjects and the old problems of psychological aspects in school, pave the way for the new needs of psychological profession in all the country.

Argentina↗
PubMed1995

[Women in the medical profession in Israel].

This paper describes the current status of women physicians in Israel at various stages in their professional careers: in medical school, in the medical specialties and in academia. In the past, as in most western countries, medicine in Israel was regarded as a man's profession. The last decade has seen major demographic changes: the proportion of women entering medical school is now similar to that of men, and as a result of immigration from the former Soviet Union, the percentage of women physicians is approaching the level in eastern European countries. Recent findings show an increase in women in all specialty areas. However, they are concentrated in the lower status strata and in primary care, occupying the base of the academic pyramid. It appears that when objective criteria are employed, such as for admission to medical school and licensing examinations, women and men have similar levels of achievement. However, when subjective criteria are used, such as in admission to residency training, gender-based differences in distribution in the medical specialties are apparent. We suggest implementing objective standards for acceptance for residency training which should help equalize the status of women in the Israeli medical establishment.

Emigration and Immigration↗
PubMed1996

Patients, carers and the medical profession: a co-operative approach.

This article is reprinted (with minor editing) from the Queensland Council of Carers newsletter for members. The Council's Public Policy Forum, held in September 1994, raised problems faced by carers, some of which related to the relationship between patients, carers, and the medical profession. Their concerns were circulated to the Divisions of General Practice, who in turn delegated the author to contact the Queensland Council of Carers, with a view to improving co-operation and clarifying mutual expectations.

Caregivers↗
PubMed1996

The nursing profession and its relationship with hospital managers.

This paper describes the relationship between the professional nursing and managerial imperatives in health care and explains some of the ways the managerial culture affects the working environment of professional nurses. It goes on to highlight some of the professional developments of the last 17 years and describes how these could augment the difference in imperatives. Finally it suggests ways in which the nursing profession might develop to maintain its unique contribution to health care, whilst embracing the managerial domain. This is necessary to ensure that professional nursing is nurtured and not overwhelmed by workloads and empirical assessments of nursing outputs.

Hospital Administrators↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Research and development in the new NHS: another challenge for the profession.

The continued implementation of the NHS research and development (R&D) strategy is the latest pressure point in the interaction between the medical profession and the new NHS. As the established funding routes for the support of clinical research are scrutinised and desegregated, there will be disaffected losers as well as winners. Further discussion and debate are needed.

Cost Control↗
PubMed1997

Curricular principles for health professions education about family violence.

The curricular principles presented here arose from a national conference of experts in dealing with family violence from medicine, nursing, and dentistry. The conference, held in March 1994 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, was supported by The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The conference's work was based upon the premise that an integrated approach to health-professional education in family violence would be more effective than single approaches. The group developed a set of principles for identification of specific goals in knowledge, skills and practices. With those in mind, three levels of education were identified: knowledge, skills, and practices that should be taught to all health professionals (called "Family Violence 101"); advanced levels for primary care practitioners for comprehensive, longitudinal care; and knowledge, skills, and attitudes for specialty practitioners for specific, directed, intensive interventions appropriate to the specialties (called "Family Violence 201"); and additional education and training for those practitioners who wish to be consultants, investigators, and teachers of intervention in cases of family violence (called "Family Violence 301"). These recommendations are presented in the hope that health-professional schools and societies will implement them, thereby improving the health professions responses to this epidemic.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of entrance requirements for health care professions.

OBJECTIVE: To compare U.S. chiropractic college admissions requirements with those of allopathy, osteopathy, optometry, podiatry and dentistry. DESIGN: Survey. PARTICIPANTS: The schools that participated in the comparison were selected based on their geographic location within the United States. The number of schools selected were 16 chiropractic college, 17 allopathic colleges, 16 osteopathic colleges, 16 optometric colleges, 7 podiatric colleges and 15 dental colleges. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Information collected from the individual schools included: (a) minimum number of undergraduate semester hours (toward a bachelor's degree) that are required on entrance; (b) actual percentage of applicants with a 4-yr bachelor's degree on entrance; (c) minimum GPA required on entrance and (d) actual average GPA of applicants on entrance. RESULTS: Averages were computed for each outcome. Overall, allopathic averages were highest and chiropractic averages were lowest for each of the four outcome measures, with the other programs scoring at varying points in between. CONCLUSION: Successful completion of preprofessional requirements may be an indicator for success within a rigorous professional curriculum. These data reflect overall differences between health-care professions on a very few entrance criteria. Further investigation is needed to understand the long-term impact of these differences as well as the possible economic or political factors that may be influencing these results.

Chiropractic↗
PubMed1996

Sexual abuse in the health professions--who's counting?

In an examination of the health security of women, sexual exploitation of women patients when the perpetrators hold the trusted position of care provider, merits some considerable attention. Availability of data varies, with the majority gathered in the United States and Canada, focusing on medicine, psychotherapy and nursing. However, even for those professions, this field of research is in its early stages. Within the past few years, research has been undertaken in Australia and New Zealand, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway and the United Kingdom. Central to any discussion of this aspect of women's access to safe and appropriate health care are 3 questions about data. Do we know whether women are the principal victims of this abuse? Do such numbers count? Do we in fact need more data collection as we learn to respond more effectively to this particular form of violence against women? The author, who chaired Canada's first inquiry into the sexual abuse of patients by doctors, answers all 3 questions in the affirmative, with an emphasis on combining data collection with action. The sampling of research in this article demonstrates the need to combine qualitative and quantitative data to gain a more accurate understanding of the dynamics of abuse, within the social context of women's experience.

Adult↗