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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Study of affecting factors of mentally prisoner's competency to serve a sentence].

OBJECTIVE: Explore the affecting factors of mentally prisoner's competency to serve a sentence (CSS), establish the base of quantitative study of CSS. METHODS: Firstly, the researchers compile a questionnaire named legal-psycho ability of competency to serve a sentence questionnaire, then the researchers scaling the object with RTHD, and ask all object complete the questionnaire. there a hypothesis, that the object who are cured in cured ward is incompetent to serve a sentence (ISS), and the other who are stay in rehabilitated ward is competent to serve a sentence (CSS). RESULTS: There are 185 object admitted the study, the ISS group the CSS group have significance between psychiatric and legal aspects. CONCLUSION: At the influence of psychiatric symptoms, the mentally prisoner's competency to serve a sentence had been impaired, and they should been transferred from prison to hospital.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Prisoners with substance abuse and mental health problems: use of health and health services.

Individuals with substance abuse and mental health problems are common in prisons and jails, but relatively little is known about the health or health services utilization of inmates with these types of problems. This study, therefore, focuses on prisoners who self-reported receiving a prior diagnosis from a physician or a psychologist who indicated they had 1) substance abuse problems only, 2) mental health problems only, and 3) substance abuse and mental health problems. A fourth group of prisoners who reported no diagnoses were included as the "no problems" group. Comparisons were made on reports of lifetime health problems, use of preventive health services, and use of medical services. Findings showed the substance abuse and mental health problems group had the most serious health problems profiles. Use of preventive health services was similar across all four groups, but the substance abuse and mental health problems group reported significantly greater use of the emergency room and more hospital stays both for their lifetime and in the year prior to their current incarceration. The policy and practical relevance of the findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Is the world finally waking up to HIV/AIDS in prisons? A report from the XV International AIDS Conference.

Issues related to HIV/AIDS in prisons have traditionally received little attention at the International AIDS Conference, despite the fact that levels of HIV prevalence within prison populations tend to be much higher than in the general population. However, the conference in Bangkok may represent a turning point. This article highlights some of the relevant findings presented at the conference. A longer version of this article, including background information about HIV/AIDS in prisons worldwide, has been published in the September 2004 issue of Infectious Diseases in Corrections Report.

HIV Infections↗
PubMed2005

[Tuberculosis in the prisons of the Sverdlovsk Region].

In 1997 to 2002, the Sverdlovsk Region showed a reduction in the proportion of the accused and prisoners among adults and adolescents from 37.2 to 17.3% in the structure of tuberculosis morbidity and from 18.2 to 3.2% in that of its mortality. In 2003, prophylactic examinations revealed tuberculosis in 95% of the accused and prisoners. As compared with the general population, in adult and adolescent prisoners, morbidity due to tuberculosis was 8 times higher, its relapses were 9 times greater (early and late relapses being 28 and 3 times greater, respectively), its incidence was 9-fold and mortality, 1.3-fold.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2006

[Organ transplantation using organs taken from executed prisoners in China--a call for the cessation of Israeli participation in the process].

Organ transplantation using organs taken from prisoners convicted to death is being practiced in China for the last two decades. These transplantations, which harshly violate medical ethics and international conventions, have become a prosperous market in China. This review presents details of the testimonies of a former prisoner and a Chinese physician who fled to the U.S.A., portraying the horrifying process of organ harvesting from executed prisoners, sometimes even before they are even dead. For years the Chinese authorities have denied the existence of this process, but following massive international diplomatic pressure they have recently publicly admitted to it for the first time. Many Israeli transplant candidates, who are desperate due to the organ shortage in Israel, seek their way to China in attempts to try and save their lives. The fact that they are currently being funded by all medical insurance companies constitutes a sort of formal approval to this atrocity. We, as a society, should stop this funding immediately, and divert all our human and financial resources to increase organ donation from brain-dead donors in Israel.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1989

Tuberculosis in homeless, residential care facilities, prisons, nursing homes, and other close communities.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a problem in some institutions, but not in others. Six factors may be used to assess the risk of TB in an institution: the entrance-point prevalence of infection among institutional residents and staff, the potential for reactivation, the role of transmission within the institution, the potential for detection of infection and disease, the potential for prevention and treatment of disease, and the potential of the building environment to favor transmission. The aging of the population, the crowding of prisons and the high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are factors currently increasing the likelihood of TB in nursing homes, prisons, drug detoxification centers, and acute hospitals. Entrance-point skin testing, contact testing, periodic retesting, supervised preventive therapy, effective treatment of disease, and the selective application of ultraviolet air disinfection for certain high-risk areas are the suggested control strategies for hospitals, nursing homes, prisons, and chronic care facilities. However, for inner-city shelters and jails skin testing and preventive treatment are usually not possible, and the control strategy shifts to disease detection, isolation, effective long-term treatment, reduced crowding, ultraviolet air disinfection, and periodic testing and treatment of staff.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1989

Suicide mortality in the Maryland state prison system, 1979 through 1987.

Prisoners are reported to have a higher suicide rate than the community. We studied suicides in the Maryland prison system to determine the level of risk and risk factors for inmate suicide. There were 37 male inmate suicide deaths between 1979 and 1987 (39.6 suicides per 100,000 male inmates), which is significantly higher than the age- and race-adjusted male suicide rate in the general population of Maryland (22.0 per 100,000). Risk of male inmate suicide was increased for the following characteristics: white race (relative risk [RR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 3.9), age 25 to 34 years (RR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.0 to 3.4), major crime committed against person (RR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.7 to 6.7), life sentence (RR, 4.7; 95% CI, 2.2 to 10.0), and classification to the major maximum security institution in the prison system (RR, 5.1; 95% CI, 2.7 to 9.8). The methods of suicide chosen by inmates were hanging (86%), cutting wound (5%), antidepressant overdose (5%), and fall from height (3%). We conclude that inmate suicide represents a significant correctional health and public health problem. Specific implications for prevention of inmate suicide are examined.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1988

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in female prisoners in British Columbia.

The annual incidence rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), grades I to III, from 1975 to 1983 among 2440 prisoners in British Columbia for whom a history of screening by means of the Papanicolaou test was available were two to three times higher than the expected rates in the general female population of British Columbia. The rates among the prisoners from 1970 to 1984, although small, increased with a trend similar to that in the general population. Despite increases in the general population we conclude that prisoners are still at high risk for CIN.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Prevalence of parasitic diseases and HBV and HIV viruses among black Africans in prison. (Study of 116 subjects)].

A prospective survey among 116 subjects native of Black Africa and residing in prison was carried on, in order to estimate the prevalence of parasitosis, HB Virus and HI Virus infections. These subjects, all males, were selected at random among Black Africans, which were representative of 6.5% of the prisoners in the prison of Fresnes. The average age and stay in France were respectively of 25.7 and 3.3 years. 34% had regular drug-habit (I.V. heroin intake for 8 subjects). 54% were carriers of parasites: 33 subjects for intestinal nematode (whipworm: 19; hookworm: 5; Strongyloides stercoralis: 5; ascaris: 3; pinworm: 1); 2 for filariasis (loaiasis: 1: onchocerciasis: 1); 11 subjects for bilharziosis and 43 carriers of intestinal protozoosis (mild form amebiasis principally); also, 11 scabies were noticed. By another way, 8 subjects (6.9%) were HIV1 +, and none HIV2+; 11 (9.5%) were HBs+. In relation to parasitosis, practical attitude hesitate between systematic evaluation of infections (more satisfying but expensive), systematic treatment (easier but less suitable), and prescription of well-fixed tests according to the conclusions of a specialized advice. In relation to virosis, a systematic serological determination is not justified for this population, in actual economical conditions, and because there is no specific treatment.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Prison psychiatry and professional responsibility.

Professional responsibility is a multifaceted concept embracing elements of technical competence and accountability. It may seem anachronistic to examine professional responsibility in the context of prison psychiatry, which is a relatively unpopular and often controversial health service activity. Upon closer scrutiny, however, it appears that prison psychiatry presents a paradigm of the uncertainties, conflicts, and dilemmas which underlie current concerns about professional responsibility in psychiatry. In this paper, the author examines some of these issues and proposes some tentative answers, focusing on the critical question of the proper roles of psychiatry in prisons.

Civil Rights↗
PubMed1983

HBeAG and anti-HBe in the Malaysian population and in Malaysian prisoners.

The incidence of HBsAg in random blood donors was found to be twice that of the prisoner population. The anti-HBe however, was about twice that in the prisoners when compared with the random blood donors. Both the random blood donors and the prisoners had similar incidence of HBeAg. The percentage frequency of HBsAg positivity with anti-HBe positivity was also similar in both groups. The 18 normal non-blood donors did not have HBsAg, HBeAg or anti-HBe.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1982

Vitek v. Jones: transfer of prisoners to mental institutions.

In Vitek v. Jones, the United States Supreme Court interpreted the due process clause as requiring that certain procedures be followed before transferring prisoners to mental institutions. This Note analyzes the Court's reasons for concluding that the existing transfer procedures embodied in the state's commitment statutes infringed on the prisoner's liberty interests and, therefore, were constitutionally inadequate. It finds that not only was one of the grounds used by the Court to find a constitutionally protected liberty; inappropriate, but the calculus that the Court employed in mandating additional procedures was incorrect. This Note suggests alterative methods of holding the statutes unconstitutional, methods that would not lead to markedly different procedures for committing prisoners and civilians. Finally, the Note examines the procedures that the Court actually prescribed and discusses their implementation.

Civil Rights↗
PubMed1980

What the repatriated prisoners of war wrote about themselves.

Books written or contributed to by U.S. military men repatriated from Vietnamese prison camps were reviewed, with particular attention to common themes of effective coping strategies. The underlying theme was an internal standard of behavior which each set for himself. This took the specific forms of loyalty to country, to family, to fellow prisoners, or to a self-image. This letter involved considerable use of denial at times. Religious convictions were important to some, but not to all. There was no evidence of the "identification with the aggressor" phenomenon that has been reported in some other prisoner situations. Some men reported beneficial aspects of the captivity situation, usually phrased in terms of personal growth. Mature coping skills include healthy humor, sublimation, anticipation, and the maintenance of self-esteem through an awareness of service.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

[Comparative study of the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in the prison population between 1985 and 1992].

The prisoner population of the penitentiaries presents an elevated prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) infection markers. In the last few years different measures have been developed to prevent infection. This study evaluates whether there have been changes in the prevalence of infection by these virus over the last few years within a penitentiary. A group of prisoners (n = 163) studied in 1985 were therefore compared with another group (n = 750) studied in 1992. Demographic, social, risk and penitentiary factors were included. In each of the subjects studied alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hepatitis B virus (HBsAG, antiHBs and antiHBc) and anti-HIV-1 markers were determined. It was globally observed that following the 7 years between the two studies there was a decrease in the prevalence of HBV (X = 14.63, p = 0.0001, OR = 2; CI 95%: 1.38-2.9), which was mainly observed in the group of prisoners with no drug addiction habits. No differences were observed with regard to the prevalence of anti-HIV-1 which remained similar among the IV drug consumers and not consumers (64% and 66.6% in 1985 and 1992, respectively). In conclusion, from 1985 to 1992 a decrease has been observed in the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in the penitentiary population while the prevalence of anti-HIV-1 has remained unchanged.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

An epidemiological study of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and major depression in a male prison population.

One hundred two inmates were interviewed and tested to determine epidemiological rates of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression in an adult male prison population. The Beck Depression Inventory, Hamilton Rating Scale, and four measures to assess childhood and adult ADHD were completed. The two disorders were diagnosed independently. Diagnosable ADHD was found to occur in 25.5 percent of the inmates, and major depression occurred in 25.5 percent of the inmates. A significant relationship between ADHD and depression was found to exist (p < .001). Having identified a major mental health problem in the prison population, implications include a need for further diagnosis and treatment of these disorders within a prison setting. The relationship between depression and ADHD also needs further examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Illness and injury among U.S. prisoners of war from Operation Desert Storm.

United States prisoners of war had to endure a variety of medical problems during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. All but one of the prisoners suffered some form of injury or illness. Orthopedic injuries were most common. Hematologic, dermatologic, neurologic, and infectious disorders were also noted. Some injuries were combat-related and others were due to mistreatment during incarceration. The prisoners' condition upon repatriation reflected their limited access to appropriate medical care, sanitation, and nutritional support.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Prisoners' access to HIV experimental trials: legal, ethical, and practical considerations.

Much confusion exists about federal regulations governing the enrollment of prisoners in experimental clinical trials. Given the high prevalence of HIV infection in certain incarcerated populations, the issues surrounding clinical trials need clarification. A review of the history of prisoners as human subjects and current federal regulations regarding research on prisoners is provided. Experience at two New York State Designated AIDS Centers with inmates and experimental drug trials is described. Guidelines for enrollment of inmates in clinical trials are presented.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1993

Multiple changes of immunologic parameters in prisoners of war. Assessments after release from a camp in Manjaca, Bosnia.

OBJECTIVE: To assess immune reactivity in men just released from a war prisoner camp. PARTICIPANTS: Random sample of 29 men from a group of 764 liberated detainees in war prisoner camp in Bosnia, 15 matched healthy control subjects, and pre-war historical control subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Report on immune reactivity parameters, such as lymphocyte immunophenotypes, natural killer cell and phagocyte function, serum cytokines, and hormones. RESULTS: Compared with control subjects, detainees had significantly lowered red blood cell count, hemoglobin mass concentration, hematocrit, total serum proteins, and albumin level, while the percentage and count of monocytes and non-segmented neutrophils were increased. Flow cytometry revealed a significant increase in percentage of activated lymphocytes, activated T lymphocytes, Tc/s lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and total HLA-DR lymphocytes. The absolute counts of activated lymphocytes and activated T lymphocytes were also significantly increased. The percentages of naive Th/i lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4:CD8 lymphocytes were decreased. The in vitro natural killer cell cytotoxic activity and phagocytic functions of ingestion and digestion were significantly depressed. Serum interferon, serum cortisol, and prolactin were also significantly lowered. Serum tumor necrosis factor was increased. CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in the main parameters of the immune system and depression of important immune effector functions may have resulted from the psychological stress, physical deprivation, and malnutrition experienced by these war camp prisoners during their detainment.

Adolescent↗