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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Bone formers: osteophyte and enthesophyte formation are positively associated.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that enthesophyte formation and osteophyte growth are positively associated and to look for associations between bone formation at different sites on the skeleton so that a simple measure of bone formation could be derived. METHODS: Visual examination of 337 adult skeletons. All common sites of either enthesophyte or osteophyte formation were inspected by a single observer who graded bone formation at these sites on a 0-3 scale. The total score for each feature was divided by the number of sites examined to derive an enthesophyte and an osteophyte score. Cronbach's alpha and principal components analysis were used to identify groupings. RESULTS: Enthesophyte formation was associated with gender (M > F) and age. There was a positive correlation between enthesophytes and osteophytes (r = 0.65, 95% confidence interval, 0.58 to 0.71) which remained after correction for age and gender. Principal components analysis indicated four different groupings of enthesophyte formation. By choosing one site from each group a simple index of total skeletal bone formation could be derived. CONCLUSIONS: Osteophytes and enthesophytes are associated, such that a proportion of the population can be classified as "bone formers". Enthesophyte groupings provide some clues to aetiopathogenesis. Bone formation should be investigated as a possible determinant of the heterogeneity of outcome and of treatment responses in common musculoskeletal disorders.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Arthritis in Saxon and mediaeval skeletons.

Examination of 400 Saxon, Romano-British, and mediaeval skeletons from seven archaeological excavations in the west of England showed an unexpectedly high incidence of osteoarthritis and osteophytosis. Three skeletons had evidence of an erosive peripheral arthritis-one with probable gout, one probable psoriatic arthropathy, and one with possible rheumatoid arthritis. The pattern and types of rheumatic disease, and the resultant disability, were apparently different. An exuberant form of large joint osteoarthritis was common and rheumatoid arthritis and similar diseases rare.

Adult↗
PubMed1968

Porotic hyperostosis and the Gelligaer skull.

The differential diagnosis of the bony lesions known as porotic hyperostosis found on a Bronze Age child's skull is discussed. Keith and Shattock gave an opinion in 1923 that the cause was rickets. A firm conclusion is not reached in this paper, but it is suggested that it was more likely to have been an iron-deficiency anaemia.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed2001

Neurology in ancient faces.

BACKGROUND: Clinical paleoneurology is almost non-existent, but recognition of neurological diseases in ancient people might be possible by scrutinising portraits apparently representing people as they appeared in life. METHODS: About 200 mummy portraits painted in colour at the beginning of the first millennium were examined. Thirty two skulls excavated at Hawara in the Fayum (northern Egypt), where most of the portraits were found were measured, and nine caliper measures on each side of the skulls were taken. The right/left ratios were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). One skull was subjected to 3D CT scanning and transilluminated. RESULTS: Two patients were found with progressive facial hemiatrophy (Parry-Romberg syndrome), three with deviations of the visual axes (tropia) and one with oval pupils (corectopia). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical paleoneurology is possible in the absence of a living nervous system. The patients probably had focal epilepsy, hemiplegic migraine, and autonomic nervous system dysfunction.

Facial Asymmetry↗
PubMed1998

Parasites and pathogens of mites.

Mites are an ancient group of arachnids that have had some 400 million years to adapt to a variety of conditions on Earth. Microorganisms have had the same amount of time to form symbiotic relationships with mites, with results ranging from phoresy to parasitism. This review covers the still fragmentary information on the groups of parasites and pathogens that are associated with mites. The known mite-associated bacteria, rickettsiae, fungi, Protozoa, viruses, and nematodes represent the tip of the iceberg, and few details of their host-parasite relationships have been recorded. Mites offer an opportunity to investigate new pathogens and new types of associations. Pathogens can be a boon when they affect mites that are detrimental to crops, livestock, or ourselves, and the diseases they cause probably play an important role in controlling mites, at least under certain conditions. However, pathogens can also cause crop failure and economic loss when they occur in biological control agents of pests.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Distal femoral cortical defects, irregularities, and excavations.

A review of available radiographic and pathologic material revealed evidence that two distinct anatomical variations may be found on the posteromedial aspect of the distal femur. One, the femoral cortical irregularity, is a common finding on clinical radiographs, shows a definite predilection for children and adolescents, and is closely located to the site of attachment of tendinous fibers of the adductor magnus muscle. It is almost certainly related to stress, and can be associated with a degree of periosteal proliferation that simulates malignancy. In a study of prehistoric adult femoral specimens, the second lesion, the femoral cortical excavation, was a frequent finding. However, it appears to be less common in clinical radiology. It occurs at the osseous site of attachment of the medial head of the gastrocnemius, which supports a stress-related pathogenesis. Its relationship to fibrous cortical defects is not clear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The mandible--an analysis.

In this study, an attempt has been made to examine and analyse the ancient mandibles of people who have died several hundreds of years ago during the second and first millenium B.C. These mandibles have been recovered from the burial mounds in Bahrain (Arabian Gulf) and preserved in the National Museum and the Department of Antiquities in Bahrain. The dental conditions recorded are e.g. attrition, caries, fluorosis, periodontitis or antemortem tooth loss. The results indicate the age, sex, diet, occupation and environmental conditions that existed and even the culture of the people. A comparative study of the ancient mandibles and those of the present generation has been carried out.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Age and sex specific differences in bone density of 4,000-year-old individuals. Bone density measurement of early Bronze Age femurs from excavations in Unterhautzenthal, Lower Austria].

Bone density measurements of 14 individuals (early Bronze Age, 2200-1600 BC), analyzed by dual-energy absorptiometry, showed a distinct difference between women and men. In men, there was a high bone density (+17.9%-0.290 g/cm2 difference). In females, a constant decrease in bone density was found after the age of 20-25 years (from 1.2 g/cm2 at 20 years to 0.8 g/cm2 at 40 years of age). With caution, the results are comparable with those of the present time.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

Auricular exostoses among the prehistoric population of different islands of the Canary archipelago.

It is generally believed that auricular exostoses are due to prolonged exposure to cold water, so their existence in ancient remains may inform us about economic activities in the past. This study was performed to analyze the prevalence of auricular exostoses among 150 pre-Hispanic individuals of different islands of the Canary archipelago. Individuals from Gran Canaria (6/26), Fuerteventura (1/15), and Tenerife (2/64), but not from El Hierro (0/45), showed auricular exostoses, thus supporting the hypothesis of a greater reliance on fishing and shellfishing in the former 3 islands.

Adult↗