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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Vascular endothelial growth pattern during demineralized bone matrix induced osteogenesis.

The purpose of the current study was to determine the timely ingrowth of blood vessels associated with demineralized bone matrix (DMB) induced osteogenesis. Critical-size (10 x 5mm), full thickness bony defects in rabbit parietal bone were implanted with DBM. Histological and ultrastructural changes were examined 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 14 days later. Neovascularization was assessed by immunohistochemical staining for factor VIII antigen (marker for vascular endothelium) and also confirmed by staining using pan-endothelial antibody (CD31) (a marker for endothelium). Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed a positive staining for CD31 and Factor VIII expressed by endothelial cells by day 3 post grafting. By day 4, small blood vessels were first seen budding from host bed towards the grafted DBM. Ultrastructural identification of cells in the early stages of healing revealed the presence of macrophages. The monocyte-derived macrophage appears to play a central role in the repair process using DBM. Results of this study demonstrated a rapid vascularization during the DBM induced osteogenesis. This rapid vascularization is vital to the healing and bone induction ability of the DBM.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Osteogenesis imperfecta and Ebstein's anomaly: a case report with autopsy findings.

Osteogenesis imperfecta is an inherited disorder of collagen synthesis. It has a wide range of phenotypic expressions, but cardiovascular anomalies tend to be rare. When they do occur, they usually consist of aortic or mitral valve disease. We report an autopsy case of a 36-week gestation infant with coexisting osteogenesis imperfecta and Ebstein's anomaly. The simultaneous occurrence of two relatively rare entities may reflect a generalized expression of an underlying collagen synthesis defect.

Collagen Diseases↗
PubMed1983

Osteogenesis after bone and bone marrow transplantation. Studies of cellular behaviour using combined myelo-osseous grafts in the subscorbutic guinea pig.

In order to study factors influencing osteogenesis after bone and bone marrow transplantation, we have caused guinea pigs to become scorbutic, and looked at the cell morphology at sites of bone formation. We had previously studied normal guinea pigs and found that autologous marrow in intermuscular implants was associated with bone production by the ninth day, regardless of the type of stored allogeneic bone transplanted with it. In subscorbutic guinea pigs, using identical implants, bone did not appear within the first 13 days, and the cell population around the implants was different. These experiments support the dominant role of bone marrow cells in osteogenesis and cast further doubt on the primary role of devitalised bone as an inducer of bone formation. Interference with cell function by deprivation of a single essential molecule, Vitamin C, produces great change in the ability of cells to synthesise bone, or pre-osseous matrix.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Lack of effects of human calcitonin in osteogenesis imperfecta.

The effects of human calcitonin on bone mineral content and certain biochemical markers of bone metabolism were evaluated in a 2-12 month treatment period in seven patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. S-calcium, S-alkaline phosphatase, S-immuno-reactive parathyroid hormone and the urinary excretion of calcium were found to be within the normal range before and during the treatment period. After 4-5 months of therapy, a slight increase in the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline was observed, but the values were still within the normal range. The bone mineral content, measured in the forearm, remained unchanged during the treatment period. Side effects were common, in two cases resulting in discontinuation of the treatment. We concluded that, with the dose of human calcitonin used, it was impossible to detect any beneficial effect in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Indomethacin influences Moloney's sarcoma and associated periosteal osteogenesis in the mouse.

The effect of indomethacin on periosteal osteogenesis mediated by the Moloney sarcoma virus was studied using a mouse model. In the indomethacin-treated animals, the development of sarcoma was inhibited, as evaluated by the tumor incidence, tumor size, and maximal tumor duration. Periosteal osteogenesis mediated by this sarcoma was lower than in saline-treated control mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula in osteogenesis imperfecta.

A case of spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula is presented in a patient suffering from osteogenesis imperfecta tarda type I. The patient was operated on under local anesthesia by intraluminal occlusion of the cavernous carotid artery with a Fogarty catheter, in accordance with Prolo's technique, with total remission except for homolateral loss of vision due to postglaucoma atrophy. the pathogenetic phenomena described in the literature are reviewed, with the suggestion that osteogenesis imperfecta be included with Ehlers-Danlos disease, Marfan's syndrome, and pseudoxanthoma elasticum, as a connective tissue disease with increased weakness of vessel walls that can produce a spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula. Reports of cases operated on by intraluminal occlusion with various types of balloon-tipped catheters are also reviewed. The good results obtained place this technique among the elective ones for the treatment of carotid-cavernous fistula.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Angiogenesis and mineralization during distraction osteogenesis.

Distraction osteogenesis is currently a standard method of bone lengthening. It is a viable method for the treatment of short extremities as well as extensive bone defects, because large amounts of bone can be regenerated in the distraction gap. Mechanical stimulation by distraction induces biological responses of skeletal regeneration that is accomplished by a cascade of biologic processes that may include differentiation of pluripotential tissue, angiogenesis, mineralization, and remodeling. There are complex interactions between bone-forming osteoblasts and other cells present within the bone microenvironment, particularly vascular endothelial cells that may be pivotal members of a complex interactive communication network in bone. Regenerate bone forms by three modes of ossification, which include intramembranous, enchondral, and transchondroid ossifications, although intramembraneous bone formation is the predominant mechanism of ossification. In this review we discussed the coupling between angiogenesis and mineralization, the biological and mechanical factors affecting them, the cellular and molecular events occurring during distraction osteogenesis, and the emerging modalities to accelerate regenerate bone healing and remodeling.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Clinical and radiological manifestations of osteogenesis imperfecta type V.

We reviewed clinical manifestation of 12 patients from three Korean families. They showed mild to moderate bone fragility, and suggested an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Significant intrafamilial phenotype variability was obvious. Clinical, radiological, and histopathologic characteristics that distinguished this subtype from others include ossification of interosseous membrane of the forearm with radial head dislocation, hyperplastic callus formation, no evidence of type I collagenopathy and an abnormal histopathologic pattern. Severity of the interosseous membrane ossification was correlated with increasing age (p<0.01) and the radial head dislocation was thought to be a developmental problem rather than a congenital problem. Four children who had bisphosphonate treatment showed improved bone mineral density, radiological changes, and biochemical responses. Osteogenesis imperfecta type V was a distinctive subtype of osteogenesis imperfecta, which caused mild to moderate disability clinically.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Interaction of mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts for in vitro osteogenesis.

It has recently been reported that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are systemically administrated to different species, undergo site-specific differentiation. This suggests that the tissue specific cells may cause or promote the differentiation of the MSCs toward their cell type via a cell-to-cell interaction that is mediated not only by hormones and cytokines, but also by direct cell-to-cell contact. In this study, in order to assess the possible synergistic interactions for osteogenesis between the two types of cells, the MSCs derived from rabbit bone marrow were co-cultured with rat calvarial osteoblasts in direct cell-to-cell contact in a control medium (CM) and in an osteogenic medium (OM). The cell number, alkaline phosphatase activity, and amount of calcium deposition were assayed in the cultures of MSCs, osteoblasts, and co-cultures of them in either OM or CM for up to 40 days. The cell numbers and the alkaline phosphatase activities in the co-culture were somewhere in between those of the osteoblast cultures and the MSC cultures. The amounts of deposited calcium were lower in the co-culture compared to those of the other cultures. This suggests that there are little synergistic interactions during osteogenesis in vitro between the rat osteoblasts and rabbit MSCs.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2004

[Osteogenesis characteristics of cultured rat mesenchymal stem cells under bone induction condition].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the osteogenesis characteristics of cultured rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under bone induction condition. METHODS: MSCs were isolated from adult rat by using density gradient separation method. The osteogenic inducers were compounds of Dexone, beta-glycerophosphate sodium and vitamin C. RESULTS: The MSC attachment formed soon after the seeding and grew into colonies with the appearance of fibroblastic cells. The osteogenic inducer with low dose of Dexone could promote the osteogenic differentiation of MSC. In the group of osteogenic inducer with low dose of Dexone, the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was remarkably increased after one week's induction, and the number of positive cells was (15.1 +/- 2.6), significantly higher than that of the control group (12.0 +/- 3.5) (P < 0.01). The calcified deposits began to appear in the group of osteogenic inducer with low dose of Dexone after one week's induction and was increased remarkably after three weeks, and the number of calcified deposits was (9.0 +/- 1.7), significantly higher than that of the control group (2.0 +/- 1.8) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: MSC can differentiate into osteogenesis by osteogenic induction and may be used to provide seed cells for bone tissue engineering.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2006

[Expression of c-fos, OPG, OPGL in rabbit mandibular distraction osteogenesis zone].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possible signal transduction mechanism of the mechanical stress induced by the distraction procedure in osteocytes. METHODS: An animal model of mandibular distraction osteogenesis in rabbits was established. The expressions of c-fos, OPG and OPGL were detected by ultrasensitive S-P immunohistochemical method. RESULT: At 4 and 8 days after distraction, distraction zone showed strong positive staining of c-fos, which were apparently higher than that in distraction zone of 2, 4 and 6 weeks after consolidation. At 4 and 8 days after distraction and 2 weeks after consolidation, the expression of OPG was strong, and then wore off gradually at 4 and 6 weeks after consolidation. Weak signals of OPGL could be detected at 6 weeks after consolidation only. CONCLUSION: c-fos, OPG and OPGL are important regulators in distraction osteogenesis. c-fos is interrelated with the mechanical stress induced by the distraction procedure closely, OPG promotes new bone formation, while OPGL plays a more active role in bone remodeling.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Experimental stimulation of osteogenesis induced by bone matrix.

Bone gaps in 20 rabbits were filled with decalcified homologous bone. Direct currents, intravenous calcium, and anabolic steroids were administered for stimulation of osteogenesis. The shape and microscopic structure of the newly formed bone, together with the velocity of the osteogenesis, were investigated. Results were assessed by microscopic and radiographic analyses. In the group of calcium posttreatment, irregular shape and callosities were characteristic. Anabolic steroids failed to improve consolidation significantly; best results were seen after electrical stimulation of the grafted areas. In the group with electrical stimulation, fair shape, together with a more regular microscopic structure of the newly formed bone, were characteristic 4 weeks after surgery. Ungrafted gaps, together with defects filled with undecalcified cortical bone, failed to heal within the examined period of time.

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed2002

Value of measuring bone density serial changes on a picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) monitor in distraction osteogenesis.

Serial changes of bone density in 26 femora and 22 tibiae that underwent leg lengthening by distraction osteogenesis were investigated by measuring the pixel value shown on a picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) monitor. The pixel value of the original cortex did not change significantly until the external fixator was removed. The pixel value of the distraction sites did not change significantly for the first 5-6 weeks/cm, but rapidly increased after 7 weeks/cm in the femur and tibia, then slowly increased after 8 weeks/cm. The serial changes of the pixel value of the distracted bone showed a sigmoid curve, rather than a straight increasing line. The relative pixel values of the lengthening sites were >95% in three of the four cortices at external fixator removal. Thus, the pixel value of PACS is a rapid and easy method for the detection of bone density changes in distraction osteogenesis.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2000

Genetic potential of interfacial guided osteogenesis in implant devices.

The purpose of this review is to summarise recent advances in the design and composition of bioactive surface layers of implantabile biomaterials, and thus the genetic potential of osteoprogenitor cells to recognize and respond to these diverse implanted biomaterials. Changes applied to a biomaterial's surface, in general, could improve its biocompatibility, osseointegration and durability properties, which are required for long-term implantation in the living body. In this review, the implant-bone interface was evaluated and interpreted on the basis of osteoblast cell cultures, i.e., on the genetic potential of osteoblasts to express different phenotype markers depending on the type of biomaterials used. The interface formed by in vitro-grown osteoblasts may be used to identify components of the in vivo implant-bone interface. Over the years, a large number of implant systems consisting of many different biomaterials have been introduced in dentistry and orthopaedics. This paper discusses the performance of currently used metals and other biomaterials, by focusing on the events which occur immediately after implantation and on their impact on the bone-implant interface. The review demonstrates that continuous improvements in composition, surface modality and design of implants may benefit osseointegration and clinical longevity of such implants. No load-bearing conditions or clinical status are discussed. Titanium (Ti) and calcium phosphate ceramics are regarded as the most biocompatible synthetic substances known to be used in hard tissue implantation. These biomaterials are osteoconductive, and do not induce ectopic bone formation. Nonetheless, they provide a physical matrix which is suitable for the deposition of new bone and may guide both the growth and extension of the bone. Comparative investigation evaluated that Ti implant systems appear to be apposed by more bone than ceramic systems, although alternatives concerning the type of Ti alloy and bioactive surface layer engineering, generate extremely diverse osseointegration results. Manufacturers have created an extensive range of inorganic or ceramic coatings on Ti implants in order to achieve better bone healing and osteoconduction. Biologically active molecules, added to the implant surface, represent breakthroughs in guided interfacial osteogenesis. This methodology offers an enormous potential of genetic controlling and promoting osteogenesis. The bone growth factors are not fully understood, but most researchers agree that the contact between the bioactive surface layer of the implant and bone is not static but dynamic and that the above factors may maximise the implant osseointegration.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Crystallization of fibrils, chondroid and osseous mineralization in desmal osteogenesis and intervertebral disk].

We reported on similar findings concerning the intercellular substances in the early desmal osteogenesis in cattle fetuses and rats and in the intervertebral disc of cats. In 0oth regions fibrils change their structure. In early desmal osteogenesis the bone fibrils are synthetized by osteoblasts, derived from mesenchymal cells. Later the fibrillar structure is lost and substituted by a homogenous substance. Chondroid starlike mineral deposits which are composed of needles appear in the vicinity of the cells. The chondral needles are longer and smaller than those in the bone. Finally the chondral needles are removed by mineraloclasts. During the next step frbrils reappear. They are accompanied by needles in their longitudinal axis. In adult cat the fibrils of intervertebral disc cross directly in bone. The fibrils of fibrocartilage are partly swollen and escorted by starlike mineral deposits. Between the bone fibrils partly amorphous mineral deposits are found generally needle-like along the fibrils. The nucleation of minerals takes place at random. The crystal growth is correlated to the structure and composition of organic intercellular substances and their morphological shape differs correspondingly, being chondroid in the fashion of stars, amorphsus and osseous when in contact and parallel to the fibrils.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Distraction osteogenesis.

Distraction osteogenesis is a surgical technique originally used to lengthen the long bones without bone grafting. An osteotomy is created and by slowly separating the two segments with specially fabricated hardware, the biological distractant will grow with the bone and calcify into mature bone once the appropriate length has been achieved. Distraction techniques have been used in the human facial bone area for the past 10 years. This article reviews the basic uses of distraction osteogenesis, the pros and cons, and possible future techniques.

Facial Bones↗
PubMed1999

The role of distraction osteogenesis in the management of craniofacial disorders.

Since its introduction in the medical literature in 1992 by McCarthy, distraction osteogenesis of the craniofacial skeleton has become a standard surgical therapy. The present report attempts to trace the development of craniofacial distraction from the perspective of one of the early proponents of the technique. Although the earliest application of distraction was in children with severe unilateral or bilateral mandibular deficiency, its use for functional abnormalities such as apnoea were especially appealing. Distraction osteogenesis for the midface began with external appliances that were attached to the teeth. Newer, buried devices have eliminated the need for external devices in all LeFort III and monobloc cases. For LeFort I and mandibular cases, the ideal internal device has not been manufactured.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental alveolar ridge augmentation by distraction osteogenesis using a simple device that permits secondary implant placement.

The purpose of this study was to develop an improved technique of alveolar ridge augmentation by distraction osteogenesis using distraction screws, and to investigate tissue reactions to titanium implants at the distraction site. The left mandibular premolars were extracted from 6 adult dogs. After 12 weeks, a box-shaped osteotomy of the alveolar bone was carried out, and distraction devices were placed on the transport and base segments. After a 7-day latency period, the alveolar bone was augmented by 7 mm vertically at a rate of 1.0 mm/day. Just after distraction, these devices were replaced with dental implants for fixation of the transport segment and bone formation of the distraction site. Histologic and radiographic evaluations were made at 8 and 12 weeks after distraction. Vertical augmentation averaged 6.1 mm after 12 weeks of consolidation. It was possible to lengthen the alveolar bone without great difficulty, and good bone formation was recognized in the distraction site. Greater integration between the implant and the distracted bone was observed at 12 weeks after distraction than at 8 weeks. Distraction osteogenesis was successfully applied to alveolar ridge augmentation by this improved technique, and the implants osseointegrated in the augmented ridge.

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation↗