Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Optometry”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Working with school nurses: improving children's vision and building relationships.

The 45,000-plus school nurses in the U.S. have an astonishing array of responsibilities, and serve as important gatekeepers to the health care of millions of children. By building relationships with local school nurses, doctors of optometry can play an important part in improving children's vision care, and build their practices as well. We take a look at the challenges school nurses face, and an AOA program designed to reach out to them and improve the quality of vision screenings.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Competency-based optics instruction.

BACKGROUND: The Competency-Based Instruction (CBI) system has been used to teach physics for more than 20 years in the Michigan State University Physics Department. In this approach, traditional lectures have been replaced by a learning environment that contains a variety of instructional aids, including written materials, computer-assisted instruction, and interactions with a consultant. The CBI system allows students to adjust their pace through the course, moving nearly as quickly as they are able, with constant feedback to the student on his or her progress. METHODS: I have used an adapted version of the CBI system for use in the Physical Optics and Photometry course of the University of Missouri-St. Louis, School of Optometry for four years. This article will describe the mechanics of the system and discuss experiences with it.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1978

Effectiveness of hypertension screening in an urban optometric clinic.

461 randomly selected eyecare patients were screened for systemic hypertension at the clinic of the University Optometric Center, State College of Optometry, State University of New York. The results of this survey showed 52 screening failures, 30 of whom had previously been identified as having hypertension. The study showed that the screening and follow-up added $2.00 per patient to the chair cost. The authors concluded that the information provided to our patients, students and practitioners warrants this cost.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Implications of problem-based education for the future of optometric practice.

BACKGROUND: Optometry is changing from single-doctor, refraction-oriented practices toward group practices in which increasingly complex patient problems are managed. To prepare students for new modes of practice, the traditional lecture style of education is being supplemented with innovative techniques, such as problem-based learning (PBL). METHODS: Using PBL in a medical or optometric environment, a group of students would be given a complete case in the Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan (SOAP) format. Then they would be asked to use the case as a basis for studying the underlying mechanism of the disease presented, the therapies available, why the management plan was selected, and why the patient responded as he or she did. RESULTS: Students work in groups to investigate the cases using on- and off-line resources. They set learning objectives for themselves and the group, and they evaluate each other's performances. A faculty member serves as a guide during this process. CONCLUSIONS: Students who complete a PBL course have not memorized a mountain of details as they would have in a traditional course, but have learned how to find and integrate information about patients, cases, diseases, etc. This enables them to deal with the exponential increase in knowledge that is occurring. In addition, by working together on PBL cases, students prepare themselves for group and other interactive practice environments.

Optometry↗
PubMed2000

Explosive growth.

Competing successfully against 19 superopticals, Gary Gerber, O.D. has built one of America's larger private optometry practices, proving the old business adage, 'The Difference is Service.'

Humans↗
PubMed2000

Nutritional influences on eye health.

BACKGROUND: As with cardiovascular disease, nutrition and environmental intervention present new clinical practice and research opportunities in eye care. This includes maximizing health potential with food choice, the use of supplementation in high-risk and noncompliant patients, avoiding toxins such as cigarettes, and encouraging exercise. METHOD: The author provides his perspective on viewing biochemical, physiological, and epidemiological research in the context of disease prevention in both common and uncommon applications. In most cases, this approach requires food frequency intake evaluation and application of physiological optics to measure efficacy when there is an alteration in diet and/or addition of supplementation. These are details of ocular integrative medical practice that are ignored or underutilized. RESULTS: There are multiple opportunities for intervention in the age-related diseases of cataract, macular degeneration, and glaucoma. A summary of the application of nutrition to create a model for treatment of age-related macular degeneration is presented. CONCLUSIONS: Economic incentives, now lacking, are required to explore new paradigms in nutritional preventative eye care. Schools and colleges of Optometry could play a vital public health role.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed2000

Factors influencing success of monovision contact lens fitting: survey of contact lens diplomates.

BACKGROUND: Contact lenses are frequently fitted so that one eye is focused for distance and the other for near (monovision) in order to reduce the dependence of presbyopic patients on bifocal spectacle correction. METHODS: We surveyed Diplomates in the Cornea and Contact Lens section of the American Academy of Optometry (N = 179) regarding their estimates of success with monovision fitting and factors influencing their perception of success. Results were statistically analyzed to determine the fitting philosophies of responders estimating that they achieve high success rates (HSRs) and low success rates (LSRs), respectively. RESULTS: Completed surveys were returned by 98 Diplomates (54.8%), who estimated an overall success rate of approximately 71.7% with monovision; 50.5% "totally successful" (wear monovision correction full-time without problems or need for additional correction) and 21.2% "successful" (wear monovision full-time, but experience some symptoms of blur or other discomfort, may wear over-correction at times for driving or detailed near work). Sighting dominance was the most frequently used method to determine the distant eye, followed by the plus-lens test. The HSR group tended to be more likely to take occupational factors into account when deciding which eye to use for the distance lens, and they used more flexibility in determining the near-add power. The LSR group discontinued monovision sooner than the HSR group, who continued treatment for longer than 4 weeks during the adaptation period much more often for all add ranges. CONCLUSIONS: Practitioners who regard monovision treatment as very successful have somewhat different fitting philosophies than those who regard monovision as unsuccessful. Implementation of highly successful practitioners' fitting techniques may increase success with monovision contact lens fitting.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMed1975

Training a patient to drive with telescopic lenses.

An interdisciplinary approach to licensing partially-sighted individuals to drive is presented. The model includes the participation of optometry, special education, and the department of motor vehicles.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

A protocol for hypertension screening and referral.

The current nationwide attack on hypertension, with its emphasis on early detection and prevention, has served to reinforce optometry's commitment to vision-related health screening and referral. The current status of this multidisciplinary program is reviewed, and the major risk factors are presented, in a hypertension screening/referral form designed to improve the screening/referral process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The interface between ophthalmology and optometric vision therapy.

Considerable disparity lies between ophthalmologic impressions of optometric vision therapy, and the reality of optometric vision therapy as practiced in the United States. The viewpoint shared by ophthalmology in particular, and the medical field in general, is one that is filtered through organizational policy statements and the isolated experiences of influential individual practitioners. This has resulted in a skewed portrayal of optometric vision therapy. The purpose of this paper is to present a balanced perspective on this subject, and one that should be of assistance in creating an interface between ophthalmology and optometry that better serves the public.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Characteristics of eye care practices with managed care contracts.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the variation in practice structure, financial arrangements, and utilization and quality management systems for eye care practices with managed care contracts. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of 88 group and 56 solo eye care practices that contract with 6 health plans affiliated with a national managed care organization. The survey contained modules on practice structure, financial arrangements, utilization management, and quality management. The survey response rate was 85%. RESULTS: Group practices with both ophthalmologists and optometrists were triple the size of ophthalmology-only groups, and 5 times the size of optometry-only groups. Fee-for-service payments were the primary source of group practice revenues, although 60% of groups derived some revenues from capitation payments. Group practices paid their physicians almost exclusively with fee-for-service payments or salary arrangements, with minimal capitation at the individual level. Almost no practices used both capitation and bonuses to compensate providers. Most practices received practice profiles and three fourths were subject to utilization review, which mainly consisted of preauthorization for procedures, tests, or referrals. Nearly all practices used clinical guidelines, protocols, or pathways in managing patients with diabetic retinopathy or glaucoma. Further, nearly all group practices used computerized information systems to assist in delivering care, and most had provider education programs. CONCLUSIONS: Managed care has affected the way eye care providers organize, finance, and deliver healthcare. In general, our findings paint an optimistic picture of eye care practices that contract with managed care organizations. Few practices bear substantial financial risk, and nearly all practices use quality management tools that could help to improve the quality of care.

Capitation Fee↗
PubMed1992

Liability and ophthalmic drug use.

Ophthalmic drug use has been an aspect of optometry for more than two decades. Although utilization of these drugs has produced significant changes in the clinical and legal responsibilities of optometrists, the liability posture of the profession has remained unaltered. Studies of malpractice claims against optometrists and ophthalmologists have demonstrated that ophthalmologists are much more likely to be charged with negligence for adverse drug reactions and that drug-related malpractice claims are not a liability issue for optometrists. Based on the experiences of both professions, this paper describes the adverse effects of common ophthalmic drugs, with emphasis on those drug reactions that have resulted in litigation.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed2003

Septo-optic dysplasia: a literature review.

BACKGROUND: Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a rare disorder characterized by optic nerve hypoplasia with any combination of absent septum pellucidum and/or pituitary dysfunction. SOD may manifest as strabismus, nystagmus, decreased visual acuity, or visual impairment; as an endocrine dysfunction in isolation; or in addition to mental retardation, cerebral palsy, developmental delay, or delayed growth. METHOD: This article reviews the presenting signs and symptoms of SOD, optic nerve hypoplasia, consequences of an absent septum pellucidum, endocrine findings associated with SOD, SOD diagnosis determination, syndromes associated with SOD, and optometry's role in caring for these patients. It also examines two cases that demonstrate the variety and severity of visual and physical impairments associated with SOD. RESULTS: SOD has a multi-factorial etiology, including insult during pregnancy (e.g., viral infections, gestational diabetes); vascular disruption; or a genetic mutation. Children with SOD may manifest a variety of visual and/or physical symptoms that range from mild to severe. CONCLUSIONS: The associated vision, developmental, neurologic, and endocrine disturbances require early diagnosis and management. Optometrists need to be aware of optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) and consider this diagnosis in patients with visual acuity loss. A comprehensive eye examination and visual-field assessment should be completed in addition to appropriate referrals for endocrine, developmental, and/or cognitive anomalies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Health care rationing in the United States: are we there yet?

Given the skyrocketing costs of health care in the United States, some experts propose official health care rationing as a solution to the crisis. Others maintain the position that health care is already being rationed because of cost, and always has been. This paper presents evidence supporting both viewpoints and, by exploring two definitions of "rationing," shows that they are not mutually exclusive. Practical applications to optometry as a health profession are mentioned.

Health Care Costs↗
PubMed1992

Aiding the novice practitioner in contact lens selection.

A comprehensive study was performed to assist the new graduate and novice contact lens practitioner in the choice of the optimal lens for each case scenario, as well as provide guidance for inventory selection. The survey was distributed to the clinical staff at the State University of New York, State College of Optometry, in order to take advantage of the knowledge of the experienced contact lens fitter. There appear to be clinically significant relationships between lens characteristics and performance ratings.

Contact Lenses↗
PubMed1992

Time for educational reform.

As the profession of optometry evolves, complementary changes in the educational process must occur if graduates are to be fully prepared to practice primary eye care. A national conference to address these educational priorities including curriculum design, faculty manpower and financial resources has recently been held. The need for educational reform facing the profession is outlined.

Clinical Competence↗