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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Comparative study on the in vitro antibacterial activity of Australian tea tree oil, cajuput oil, niaouli oil, manuka oil, kanuka oil, and eucalyptus oil.

To compare the antibacterial activity of the Australian tea tree oil (TTO) with various other medicinally and commercially important essential myrtaceous oils (cajuput oil, niaouli oil, kanuka oil, manuka oil, and eucalyptus oil) the essential oils were first analysed by GC-MS and then tested against various bacteria using a broth microdilution method. The highest activity was obtained by TTO, with MIC values of 0.25% for Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella choleraesuis, Shigella flexneri, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, S. saprophyticus, and S. xylosus. It is noteworthy that manuka oil exhibited a higher activity than TTO against gram-positive bacteria, with MIC values of 0.12%. Both TTO and manuka oil also demonstrated a very good antimicrobial efficacy against various antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus species. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to all essential oils tested, even at the highest concentration of 4%.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1999

Essential oil of Lepechinia schiedeana (Lamiaceae) from Costa Rica.

The composition of the essential oil isolated by steam distillation from aerial parts of the Costa Rican herb Lepechinia schiedeana (Schlecht) Vatke (Lamiaceae) collected in El Empalme, Costa Rica, was determined by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. Fifty-one components were identified corresponding ca. 93% of the oil. The major components were beta-pinene (26.6%), cis-pinocamphone (25.1%), delta-3-carene (6.1%), trans-pinocamphone (4.0%), camphor (3.8%) and beta-caryophyllene (3.7%).

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Analysis of the essential oil of Juniperus procera Endl. growing in Kenya.

The essential oil of the wood of Juniperus procera Endl. (Cupressaceae) from the Aberdares mountains, Central Province, Kenya has been extracted by steam distillation for varying times and analyzed using GC and GC-MS. The optimum time has been found to be 8 hours with the yield of the oil and cedrol as 0.48 and 79.10%, respectively. Other constituents include 3,4-dimethylbiphenyl, a-cedrene, camphor, trans-geraniol, eugenol, and a-terpineol.

Acyclic Monoterpenes↗
PubMed2001

Pharmaceutical applications of supercritical carbon dioxide.

The appearance of a supercritical state was already observed at the beginning of the 19th century. Nevertheless, the industrial extraction of plant and other natural materials started about twenty years ago with the decaffeination of coffee. Today carbon dioxide is the most common gas for supercritical fluid extraction in food and pharmaceutical industry. Since pure supercritical carbon dioxide is a lipophilic solvent, mixtures with organic solvents, especially alcohols, are used to increase the polarity of the extraction fluid; more polar compounds can be extracted in this way. The main fields of interest are the extraction of vegetable oils from plant material in analytical and preparative scale, the preparation of essential oils for food and cosmetic industry and the isolation of substances of pharmaceutical relevance. Progress in research was made by the precise measurement of phase equilibria data by means of different methods. Apart from extraction, supercritical fluid chromatography was introduced in the field of analytics, as well as micro- and nanoparticle formation using supercritical fluids as solvent or antisolvent. This review presents pharmaceutical relevant literature of the last twenty years with special emphasis on extraction of natural materials.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed2002

Repellent activities of essential oils and monoterpenes against Culex pipiens pallens.

Essential oils of Eulcalyptus globulus, Lavender officinalis, Rosemarinus officinalis, and Thymus vulgaris were examined for their repellent activities against Culex pipiens pallens. All 4 essential oils effectively repelled adult mosquitoes on hairless mice. Essential oil of T. vulgaris (thyme) had potent repellent activity within the tested materials, with a protection rate of 91% at a concentration of 0.05% topical treatment. Thyme essential oil significantly extended the duration of protection until 3 bites by mosquitoes. With gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, thyme essential oil was a rich source of 5 monoterpenes, including in descending order thymol, p-cymene, carvacrol, linalool, and alpha-terpinene. These 5 monoterpenes also were assessed to determine their repellent activities to the mosquitoes. alpha-Terpinene had a potent repellent activity with a protection rate of 97% at a concentration of 0.05% topical treatment. Additionally, carvacrol and thymol showed an equivalent level of repellency. A spray-type solution containing 2% alpha-terpinene was tested for its repellent activity against Cx. pipiens. This solution showed stronger repellent activity than the currently used repellent N,N-diethyl-m-methylbenzamide (deet).

Acyclic Monoterpenes↗
PubMed2001

[Analysis of essential oil from Artemisia annul L. by extraction of different methods].

Essential oils from Artemisia annul L. were extracted with CO2 supercritical fluid and steam distilation. The essential oils were analyzed and contrasted by GC-MS. 114 components were identified by computer index. The rate of total components by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction and steam distillation were 81.24% and 85.75% respectively. Some of them such as diphenylene-Methane, Phenyl-1-naphthylamine were discovered from the plant for the first time.

1-Naphthylamine↗
PubMed2001

[Study of chemical constituents of essential oil from flowers of Mikania micrantha H.B.K].

The essential oil from flowers of Mikania micrantha H.B.K were extracted and its chemical constituents were analyzed by GC/MS. Forty-two compounds were identified and the main compounds with high contents were beta-cubebene (12.95%), allo-aromadendrene (11.67%), beta-caryophyllene (9.17%), 1H-inden-1-one, 5-(1, 1-dimethylethyl)-2, 3-(6.23%), beta-himaohalene (4.56%), trans-alpha-bergamotene (4.09%), limonene (3.68%), beta-ocimene (2.53%).

Azulenes↗
PubMed2003

[Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of essential oil from Cinnamomum migao H. W. Li].

Essential oil from Cinnamomum migao H. W. Li. was extracted by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using carbon dioxide and a two-stage fractional separation system. The experiment was carried out under 306K-333K and 10-30 MPa. The influence of the process parameters were discussed. The GC-MS method was applied to analyze the components of these oils obtained by SFE. The result by SFE was better than that by stream distillation.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed2000

Plant essential oils with promising antifungal activity.

OBJECTIVE: To establish therapeutic efficacy of Tagetes minuta extracts. DESIGN: Laboratory-based experiment. METHOD: In vitro fungitoxicity test of essential oils was studied on Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsportum gypsum, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium species. The effect of oil on sporulation, budding and germination of fungal conidia was studied. The lowest active concentration (lac) was determined and compared with that of one per cent clotrimazole and one per cent nystatin. RESULTS: T. minuta essential oils were more effective on filamentous fungi than the standard antifungal drugs (p<0.05) but was less active on the yeast. It was fungicidal on filamentous forms of fungi and fungistatic on the yeast. The activity of the flower oil was significantly higher than that of the leaves (p=0.015). The oil significantly inhibited conidia germination but had no effects on budding of yeast. Gas chromatograph analysis of the oil showed a total of 30 compounds with five major peaks. CONCLUSION: The fungitoxicity of T. minuta oil can be exploited for its antifungal properties if toxicity and the active compound is studied further.

Antifungal Agents↗