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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Crisis and crisis intervention in modern psychiatry].

After discussion of the definition, concept and theory of psychic crisis, the modern techniques of crisis intervention are presented in the light of the literature and the author's personal experience, illustrated by case histories. Finally, the organizational place of crisis intervention in a modern psychiatric care system is discussed, with emphasis on the advantage of using socio-psychiatric half-way institutions for rehabilitation between hospital and ambulatory services for crisis intervention as well.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Will modern caries management reduce restorations in dental practice?

Dentists have difficulty diagnosing caries presence and activity. Modern caries management suggests that lesions in low risk patients should not be restored until the radiolucency extends into the outer third of interproximal dentin. Even stained fissures need not be restored in the absence of occlusal dentin radiolucency. If this standard were adopted, what affect would it have on the amount of operative treatment delivered? This report created a model to forecast the change in work volume caused by new caries management strategies. The model considered two identical groups of 1,000 adult teeth with a normal distribution of 1,000 radiographic lesions in each group. Group I would have all lesions restored at baseline, but Group II would have only lesions in the dentin restored. Each year for ten years the model forecasts the number of replacement restorations for both groups, plus initial restorations for Group II. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using slow progression rates (Group IIa) and fast progression rates (Group IIb). After ten years, Group IIa has 49% and Group IIb had 32% fewer restorations than Group I. It is concluded that the model is robust and modern caries management may significantly reduce operative workload.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Proposal and pharmacotechnical study of a modern dermo-pharmaceutical formulation for cold cream.

Cold-Creams have been used since the times of Galen (II cA.D.) as dermo-pharmaceutical and cosmetic emulsions. This paper proposes a modern Cold-Creams formulation with variations to improve both the formula as well as the properties and applications of the traditional cerates. Basically, a modern self-emulsionable excipient with isopropyl myristate is proposed. This substance is completely analysed from the galenic and pharmaco-technical viewpoints and the analysis is completed with a study of cosmetic or dermo-pharmaceutical effectiveness and topical application on skin. The results clearly show the advantages of the new formula which are: it is easy and comfortable to prepare, very adequate for cosmetology with satisfactory stability and rheological qualities and a high degree of moisture/emollient power make it appropriate as a vehicle for the active principle in Dermopharmacy and Cosmetology.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMed1996

[Micro- and modern minilaparotomy in biliary tract surgery. (Remembering János Balassa)].

The author remembering "János Balassa" points out how his legacy can be used as a moulding energy for surgery in our present time. After analysing the personality and values of Balassa the results of 1357 consecutive unselected cholecyatectomies and choledocholithotomies performed in micro- and modern minilaparotomy are analyzed. The issue of mini laparotomy has not been defined yet, so that abdominal incisions from 3 to 10 cm are also called mini laparotomy. The author suggested in 1992 that the term microlaparotomy be applied to incisions less than 4 cm, modern mini laparotomy from 4 to 6 cm, and conventional mini laparotomy from 6 to 10 cm. In contrast to other mini laparotomies he uses a vertical incision in the infrasternal triangle. From the functional anatomical point of view this approach is advantageous because it is situated above Calot's Triangle and Moosman's area and results in reduced postoperative pain. Special lighting retractors have been developed for excellent exposure and illumination of the surgical field to make the operation safe. Micro and mini laparotomies can be used for both early and late reoperations on the biliary system and also for the conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. At our department conventional, laparoscopic and micro laparotomy cholecystectomy are used. Considering both surgical and economic factors, the author has found that micro laparotomy cholecystectomy offers better results than conventional and laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Biliary Tract Diseases↗
PubMed1996

[60 years' of the modern hospital in Pozega].

The development of the hospital in Pozega, from medieval poor houses to the establishment of a modern hospital in 1936, is presented. In the late 19th and early 20th century, surgery departments were founded in many hospitals in Slavonia. The old town hospital built in 1836 did not meet the demands of medical work, and in the period from 1930 to 1936 a new hospital building was constructed. Since then, the hospital has played a major role in health education and promotion, prevention and treatment of disease, and training of medical staff. After 1961 new departments were established (pediatrics, gynecology, otorhinolaryngology), and in 1981 a new surgery was built with seven operation rooms, as well as a modern intensive care unit, delivery rooms etc. These developments contributed to good hospital functioning during the war in 1991-1992. The hospital reconstruction with equipment renewal is now under way. Education of medical staff and scientific activities are continuing tasks which must accompany advances in medicine.

Croatia↗
PubMed1997

[Habitual dependence on modern imaging modalities: the new golem].

Modern imaging techniques have been taking over our medical life, but none denies the progress that has followed introduction of modern imaging modalities. For the generation of younger physicians who entered the profession after the introduction of these techniques, use of US, CT, MRI and the like is natural and often applied. But the patient is not computerized and medicine is far from being a pure science. 3 cases of common surgical problems are presented in which excessive use of diagnostic modalities resulted in unnecessary operations, thus leading to unnecessary morbidity. In these days of soaring medical expenses, many unnecessary imaging and laboratory studies are done for reasons of "defensive" medicine. It is important to fortify the position of clinical diagnosis, but making clinical decisions without requiring expensive and sometimes misleading imaging studies significantly reduces costs. Admittedly, courage and firm professional backbone are required to face a lawyer or a judge and say: "This CT or US study would not have changed my clinical decision; it would have made no positive contribution to it, and might even have mislead me." This paper comes to remind physicians of the importance of clinical diagnosis and the need to develop and rely on primary medical skills. Machines and laboratory tests are aids to diagnosis, they do not make the diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Modernizing food control systems: the experience of Thailand.

Food control is essential for the benefit of local consumers as well as international trade, which impacts on the overall social and economic concerns of the nation. Nevertheless, success in food control implementation will not be achieved by a single agency. Concerned agencies as well as food industries have to be fully aware of and be responsible for the production of good quality and safe foods. Efficient cooperation and coordination among the agencies concerned, therefore, is indispensable in the development of food safety. The Thai FDA has recently attempted to modernize its food control system by various approaches, including the establishment of a national food safety scheme and the introduction of modern technology as well as restructuring and changing the working system. It is anticipated that control along new directions may enhance better consumer protection in this country.

Facility Regulation and Control↗
PubMed1998

Treatment of patients with retrograde ejaculation in the era of modern assisted reproduction technology.

PURPOSE: We determined a rational strategy for treatment of patients with retrograde ejaculation in the era of modern assisted reproduction technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 7 consecutive patients medical treatment or retrieval of spermatozoa from the bladder was performed at a male infertility clinic. RESULTS: Antegrade ejaculation was restored in 3 patients, and spermatozoa were retrieved from the bladder and used for assisted reproduction in 3. Spermatozoa with good oolemma penetrating ability were collected by seminal vesicle massage. CONCLUSIONS: Modern assisted reproduction technology is a powerful treatment option for retrograde ejaculation when combined with a technique to retrieve spermatozoa of good quality from the bladder.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Ancient myth, modern reality: a brief history of transplantation.

From trephination to modern surgical procedures, transplantation is an exciting technology that has evolved over centuries. This article reviews the historical incidences of organ and tissue transplantation among humans and reflects on accomplishments made in general surgery that assisted transplant technology. Following a brief historical overview, the article focuses on modern transplanting issues including: development of immunosuppressive therapy, organ availability, qualifications for donors and recipients, organ procurement, and new transplant technology.

Brain Death↗
PubMed1998

Comparison of bone lead in pre-Hispanic, 18th century and modern population of Tenerife.

The present study has been performed in order to determine concentrations of lead in the bone of 14 individuals who were interred towards the beginning of the 18th century at the church 'La Concepción' (Santa Cruz de Tenerife) of 15 Pre-Hispanic individuals of Tenerife and a modern sample for Tenerife, composed of 25 individuals. We have observed higher bone lead values in the modern population than in the ancient one (P = 0.0022), although Pre-Hispanic individuals and those of the 18th century showed similar bone lead values.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Ecologically sound management: aspects of modern sustainable deer farming systems.

Modern deer farming systems have become increasingly intensive allowing strategic feeding for production and genetic improvement programmes. Meeting feeding standards that account for changing nutritional demands related to seasonality and reproductive state is critical. As the industry matures there is a growing awareness of the balance between retaining natural behaviour in producing breeding stock on larger extensive holdings and intensification systems for performance in young stock. Stocking rates are critical determinants of success as land use and capability needs are matched with an increasing stratification of stock type and purpose. Food product safety and welfare considerations of farmed deer are being driven by consumer demands. Farm quality assurance and codes of practice are developing to ensure that deer farming meets and exceeds international expectations of land use and deer welfare in modern deer farming systems.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1998

Fundamentals--Rudolf Virchow and modern medicine.

The 19th century pathologist Rudolf Virchow was a physician, scientist, and revolutionary. The preeminent medical investigator of his day, Virchow remains best-known for his theory of cellular pathology, which laid the conceptual foundation for modern scientific medicine. Less appreciated are Virchow's numerous accomplishments in public health, anthropology, and European politics, including his quest for social justice and democracy in Imperial Germany. The study of Virchow's life and writings may provide contemporary physicians with a powerful role model as we grapple with the complexities of the modern medical enterprise.

Anthropology↗
PubMed1998

Worst headache and subarachnoid hemorrhage: prospective, modern computed tomography and spinal fluid analysis.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the hypothesis that modern computed tomographic (CT) imaging is sufficient to exclude subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in patients with severe headache. METHODS: All 38,730 adult patients who presented to Hermann Hospital in Houston, Texas, during a 16-month period were prospectively screened to detect those with "the worst headache of my life." Two neuroradiologists blinded to the study hypothesis interpreted the CT scans. Patients with negative scans underwent comprehensive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis including cell count in first and last tubes, visual and spectrophotometric detection of xanthochromia, and CSF D-dimer assay. RESULTS: A chief complaint of headache was elicited in 455 patients, and 107 of these had "worst headache" and were enrolled in the study. CT-confirmed SAH was found in 18 of the 107 (17%). Only 2 patients (2.5%, 95% confidence interval, .3% to 8.8%) had SAH detected by CSF analysis among those with negative CT imaging result. CSF spectrophotometric detection was the most sensitive test for blood. Three patients with less than 6 red blood cells in tube 1 had positive spectrophotometric results, but in all 3, tube 4 was negative on spectrophotometric analysis, suggesting a high false-positive rate. CONCLUSION: Modern CT imaging is sufficient to exclude 97.5% of SAH in patients presenting to the ED with "worst headache" symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[The Multiload--a modern intrauterine device].

In the first part of publication the authors make a profound review of history of development and qualities of Intra Uterine Devices/IUD's/. There are reflected the first steps dated from the ancient times to come to modern IUD's (Multiload, Copper T. Slimline). In Table 1 and 2 (on W.A.A. van Os) are represented single cases (pregnancy, expulsion and extracted IUD's) related to the modern intrauterine devices: MLCu 250 and MLCu 375 for the periods of 1, 3 and 5 years. In the second part the authors represent their scientific and practical results which has been obtained at the Bulgarian Family Planning and Sexual Health Association and the Ob./Gyn. Department of Medical University-Sofia. A retrospective research has been conducted on 406 women who delivered between 18 and 42 years of age and to which MLCu 375 have been inserted. The so analyzed and presented results show very good qualities of MLCu 375 IUD. The cases' frequency corresponds to the one announced by the world leading practice of contraception.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Bipolarity from ancient to modern times: conception, birth and rebirth.

We review the history of bipolar disorders from the classical Greek period to DSM-IV. Perhaps the first person who described mania and melancholia as two different phenomenological states of one and the same disease was the Greek physician of the 1st century AD, Aretaeus of Cappadocia. The modern concept of bipolar disorders was born in France, with the publications of and. Emil Kraepelin, however, in 1899, unified all types of affective disorders in 'manic-depressive insanity'; in spite of some opposition, Kraepelin's unitary concept was adopted worldwide. In the 1960s, however, the rebirth of bipolar disorders took place through the publications of Jules Angst, Carlo Perris, and George Winokur, who independently showed that there exist clinical, familial and course characteristics validating the distinction between unipolar and bipolar disorders; in addition, they verified several of the corresponding opinions of the Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard school. The concept of unipolar and bipolar disorders has further advanced in the last three decades: landmark developments include the renaissance of Kraepelin's mixed states and of Kahlbaum's and Hecker's cyclothymia and related affective temperaments, the concept of soft bipolar spectrum (Akiskal), and the distinction of schizoaffective disorders into unipolar and bipolar forms.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed2003

Gulliver meets Descartes: early modern concepts of age-related memory loss.

Age-related memory loss was a marginal issue in medical discussions during early modern times and until well into the second half of the 17th century. There are many possible explanations: the lack of similar traditions in antiquity and in the Middle Ages, insufficient physiological and morphological knowledge of the brain, and the underlying conflict between idealistic and materialistic perspectives on the functions of the soul and the conditions of these in old age. After these boundaries had been pushed back by the influence of Cartesianism and Iatromechanism, the problem of age-related memory loss was increasingly regarded as a physical illness and began to receive more attention. This trend first occurred in medicine, before spreading to the literary world, where the novel "Gulliver's Travels" is one clear and famous example.

Aging↗
PubMed1992

The history of the neurological examination. Part 1: ancient and pre-modern history--3000 BC to AD 1850.

Every time a physician conducts a neurological examination the process continues a biomedical search for understanding the nervous system which is as ancient as the earliest civilizations in human history. Most of the modern neurological examination evolved in a short time span, between 1850 and 1914, but the origins of neurology as a medical quest for knowledge date to the first evolution of urban life, in the valleys of the Euphrates and the Nile. This paper reviews this history in two chronological segments: part 1 up to 1850 and part 2 the subsequent period.

History, Ancient↗
PubMed1997

[Physicians and surgeons in Saragossa during the modern age. Number, social and family structure].

Documentation at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Saragossa, scattered throughout many archives, made it possible to trace the evolution of the number of physicians and surgeons in the city of Saragossa in the Modern Age with regard to the number of inhabitants of this city. Also studied are the possible causes of increases or decreases in their numbers, and the proportions of physicians and surgeons to inhabitants are compared with figures from other Spanish regions. By studying a 1723 census, the social and family structures of the different health professions in Saragossa are analyzed. Comparisons of these figures to the structures of other professions made it possible to determine the different social level of each structure. The social level of physicians was the same as that of apothecaries, whereas it was higher than that of surgeons and veterinarians and lower than that of legal professionals, notaries and jurists.

Censuses↗