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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

HIV and childbearing. 2. AIDS and reproductive decisions: having children in fear and trembling.

The risks of perinatal HIV transmission do not currently constitute grounds for morally criticizing the reproductive choices of particular infected women. A contextualized assessment of morally relevant factors might in some cases, however, justify judgments of reproductive irresponsibility. Although no women should be subject to any form of coercive pressure when making the decision to initiate or continue pregnancy, a "moral-education" model of nondirective counseling may be appropriate for women carrying HIV. Not even highly desirable, concerted public efforts to foster social justice will eliminate the ethical questions of whether these women should have children and how to counsel them.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1988

[Mexico: comparative evaluation of 2 study plans for the career of surgeon. Academic effectiveness].

The authors discuss an experiment conducted at the Zaragoza National School of Professional Studies of the Autonomous National University of Mexico (ENEP-Zaragoza). This experiment, already reported in a previous issue of this quarterly, consisted of the simultaneous application of two different curricula for studies leading to a medical degree in surgery. In this second article, the authors discuss the process used in evaluating the current curricula, which were assessed from three standpoints: theory and concept; academic effectiveness, and a follow-up on graduates. They describe the methodology used and analyse the findings. Their conclusion is that with the modular curriculum, the students obtained a greater command of their professional functions at an earlier stage, than with the curriculum organized by subject matter. These observations are corroborated by the fact that there are academic differences between students taught according to different educational models and curricula. On the basis of these and other significant facts, the authors state that the modular plan of studies is better suited to the country's health needs, since it trains medical students to deal with the health problems of higher-risk groups (maternal and child care).

Curriculum↗
PubMed1986

Driving safety and adolescent behavior.

Accidents, and mainly automotive accidents, are currently the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among young people. Understanding and addressing the issue of automotive accident prevention requires an awareness of the multiple psychodynamic, familial, and societal influences that affect the development and behavior of adolescents. Risk-taking behavior is the product of complex personal and environmental factors. As pediatricians, we have the obligation and the opportunity to improve the safety of our youth who drive and ride. This opportunity is available to us not only in our roles as counselors to youth and families, but also as we serve as role models, educators, and agents for change within our communities.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1979

Six steps ease town-gown battle for educators and practitioners.

During the past 30 years, a "town-gown" conflict between health administration practice and education has evolved that parallels the situation between medical education and practice. The conflict has come about as a result of the change from practitioner-dominated education to education that is controlled by full-time university faculty. Six steps are proposed to bring the practitioners and the educators into harmony, using the medical education model as a base for professional preparation of master's degree graduates in health services administration.

Accreditation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of a mathematical model of human instruction for a description of the process of animal learning].

We suggest to use logistic equations derived for description of human learning to predict the process of animal learning. Experimental data available in the literature on the problem are reduced (if necessary) to the curves which describe the relative degree of learning I(n) as a function of number of trials. Comparison between the calculations by the formula for human learning curve and experimental data on animal learning leads to the conclusion about the applicability of this theory to studying animal behaviour in the process of learning. Numerical values of the parameter tau 1 are estimated. Analysis of theoretical and experimental data allows us to distinguish a certain period of adaptation of animals to learning. The possibility of estimating the animal "intelligence" is demonstrated. The general conclusion is that it is reasonable to apply some theoretical findings obtained from the studies of human learning to investigation of animal behaviour.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[A staff development model in psychiatric nursing].

The nursing service manager is accountable for the quality of nursing care delivered in the nursing service. It is therefore important that the nursing service manager facilitates staff development in the nursing service. It is not only the nursing service manager's responsibility to make provision for staff development--the nurse also has a responsibility in this regard. He/she should purposefully make an effort to keep up to date with the latest developments. This article focuses on the co-responsibility of the psychiatric nurse and nursing service manager regarding staff development. A model for staff development is described, in accordance with the guidelines of Dickoff, James & Wiedenbach for theory development. An inductive approach was primarily followed to describe the provisional model, after which a literature study was employed to refine and purify the model. This model was exposed to expert evaluation, after which the final model for staff development of psychiatric nurses was described. Recommendations include the testing of certain hypotheses and utilisation of this model in psychiatric nursing practice.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

The use of reflection to enhance practice.

Reflection enables learning to occur from immediate experiences, from which theory and frameworks of care can be developed. Reflection heightens self-awareness, enabling increased understanding of the effects that past experiences may have on care delivery. Personal and professional development occurs through the process of reflection. Kolb's experiential learning theory provides a framework for reflection, focusing on the role of experience in learning.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1995

Managing in the next decade: a new set of skills for nurse managers.

The transition from traditional management to patient-focused leadership challenged Lakeland Regional Medical Center nurse managers to re-examine the usefulness of many traditional management skills. Patient-focused restructuring has changed the role of a traditional Nurse Manager to a leader/coach of our empowered staff. Managers now maintain responsibility for managing multiple disciplines, self-directed work teams, and redeployed services. The observed keys to success for managers include staff education, modeling coaching behaviors, staff empowerment, self-directed work teams, and a willingness to give up traditional responsibilities.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

[An orientation program for nurses in a private hospital. Phase III].

An exploratory, descriptive and contextual research study was executed in the description of an orientation programme for registered nurses in a private hospital. The data for the orientation programme were inferenced from phase 1 (experience of the registered nurse in a private hospital), and the conceptual framework and phase 2 (the expectations of doctors regarding the nursing duties of a registered nurse in a private hospital). These data therefore represent the population. Data-analysis was done through utilization of the three sets of premises as supportive data for the orientation programme. The result is the description of the orientation programme, as well as the description of guidelines in the operationalization of the programme.

Hospitals, Private↗
PubMed1994

A professional development model to foster change.

This article proposes that professional development be a core principle within an organization to equip staff members with the resources to adapt to change. Multiple examples of professional development activities are identified. Four absolutes to create an environment to support professional development are discussed. A successful professional development model at Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA, is detailed, including examples of funding sources. Finally, the investigators furnish examples of how an environment rich in professional development activities fosters staff members' abilities to cope with change.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Leadership: a nursing perspective.

The Task Force for Collaborative Nursing Education Models was a successful collaboration involving female nurse administrators. The nature of leadership in the Task Force was studied as part of a larger research project examining the process of collaboration that evolved over the 40 months of its existence (October 1987-February 1991). A retrospective qualitative case study approach was used. Data were collected from an analysis of documents that had been generated by the group, and from 36 semi-structured interviews with the 28 Task Force members. Findings and conclusions about leadership were validated during a final group interview with eight selected members. Findings of this study support the following contentions: women lead differently than men, and leadership is a collective process rather than a specialized role assumed by a single person who influences the work of other group members. Leadership was also found to rotate among group members according to the issue being considered and the expertise of those present. These findings did not support the positivist theories of leadership prevalent in current nursing management text books.

Female↗
PubMed1994

Trial of nurse practitioners in intensive care.

As public concern for quality control of medical care at the beginning of this century forced regulations on medical licensing of physicians, the forces of change in health care are again substantial, this time driven by concerns for cost and access. Our experience at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center leads us to believe that well-trained physician extenders will play a valuable role in improving efficiency and effectiveness in the care of critically ill patients. We have developed a method for training and supervision. Graded practice supervision, with physician-led professional review, is considered a reasonable goal. We propose that the appropriate degree of supervision in any given area can be determined by: a) careful development of training programs; b) careful assessment of the individual's practice with the target patient population; and c) application of a review process that is sensitive in that population. Issues surrounding the independent practice and reimbursement of acute care nurse practitioners (ACNPs) are not resolved. These issues should be addressed by joint position statements that are based on objective documentation of the safe, effective performance of ACNPs, and on the incorporation of routine performance measurements with continued medical or joint evaluation of the quality review system. Guidelines regarding the evolving roles of ACNPs should be established by professional associations and state or national boards of both nursing and medical practice. Critical care physician and nursing leaders should lead such initiatives.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Train-the-trainer for hospital-wide safety training.

This article describes a hospital-wide safety program that was developed using the train-the-trainer model. Education specialists worked with hospital safety experts to develop a program that met Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization standards, improved the quality and safety of the hospital environment, and strengthened interdepartmental relationships. A variety of outcome measures, including quality assurance indicators, was used to evaluate the program.

Humans↗