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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Assessing the value of student case write-ups and write-up evaluations.

To investigate the attitudes of medical students concerning the educational value of case write-ups and write-up evaluations and the usefulness of write-up evaluations in assessing clinical skills, the author surveyed 140 students at McGill University after they had completed a 10-week clinical course in internal medicine. He also surveyed internal medicine course directors at the 16 Canadian medical schools to determine their assessments of write-up evaluation practices in their departments. There was broad agreement among the students and directors that case write-ups and their evaluations are useful for learning, but there were major concerns about the variability of the criteria and standards for evaluation. Recommendations are presented.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1996

[Between symbol and symptom: pain and its meanings in classical antiquity].

According to semiotics, which may be defined as the doctrine of the essential nature and fundamental varieties of signs, objects, and interpretants, pain is considered to be a sign (significant) with very different meanings (significance) either as a naturalistic symptom (of disease) or as a symbol used in a metaphorical context. When following this methodological perspective it is possible to interpret medical as well as poetic writings on equal terms. In Graeco-Roman medical texts pain was mostly understood as a result and an indicator of disease, but nonetheless as a symptom which seemed to be actively produced by the affected body. Especially in the Corpus Hippocraticum dating from the 5th and 4th century B. C. this materialistic and at the same time psychosomatic attitude can be noticed. Aristotle (4th century B. C.), Celsus (1st century A. D.), and the famous experimental physiologist Galen (2nd century A. D.) agreed that pain was a sign of evil which should be fought without exception. It was Galen who added the disturbance of function (functio laesa) as the fifth cardinal sign of inflammation to the four well-known cardinal signs of Celsus (rubor, calor, tumor, dolor). He also coined the term [see text] to characterize an attack of migraine. In algotherapy, Galen used a complex pharmacological system which was based upon the four cardinal qualities of humoral pathology. On the other hand, pain was designed as a multi-dimensional symbol by the famous Graeco-Roman epic poets. In Homer's Odyssey (8th century B. C.), pain appears transformed into the shape of a scar which is visible and palpable on the hero's leg like an identification tag, whereas in Virgil's Aeneids (1st century B. C.) pain symbolizes weakness and defencelessness which can only be alleviated by the goddess Venus.

English Abstract↗
PubMed2004

[Descartes and medicine].

The French philosopher and mathematician René Descartes (1596-1650) gave a high priority to medicine and dedicated a great deal of his life to medical studies. Nevertheless his relation to medicine has always been much discussed. However, a number of recent works have contributed to reassessing the earlier critique which nearly wrote him out from medical history. The recent biographical dismissal of a number of earlier allegations and the recent interpretations of the medical contents of his collected writings ought to result in Descartes' reinstatement in medical history. His novel anti-Aristotelian methodology had a crucial influence on the medicine of the subsequent decades. Also his early defense of Harvey's theory of blood circulation had great influence. Especially his thoughts about a mechanical physiology by means of which the functions of the body could be explained without involvement of "occult faculties" influenced that time. His empirical mistakes, including the central role which he ascribed to the corpus pineale, are offset, which already Steno noted, by his brilliant thoughts about the function and importance of the brain. Although he did not make any really new empirical discoveries within medicine, he advanced a number of concrete ideas which later lead to actual discoveries such as visual accommodation, the reflex concept and the reciprocal innervations of antagonistic muscles. Descartes' psychosomatic view of the importance of the interplay between sensations, "the passions of the soul", and the free will in the preservation of health shows in addition that his fundamental soul-body dualism was far more nuanced than is often claimed.

Historiography↗
PubMed1989

Fundamentals of video production and script writing.

Designing and producing videos for medical teaching has nothing in common with television production for broadcasting. The educational video producer has a well defined audience of known intellectual level, the audience is small and the justifiable budget commensurate. The producer must capitalize on the presentational characteristics of the television medium and ensure that the video fits the learning context. The production process is explained with the different roles and responsibilities emphasized.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed2005

Medical knowledge in Hebrew: manuscripts and early printed books.

This article presents a short survey of the Hebrew textual production on medical literature during the Middle Ages in the West. It explores diverse trends in the writing and diffusion of medical texts from the creation of the Hebrew medical corpus, as well as the fortuna that the transmission of this genre had after the introduction of printing.

History, Medieval↗
PubMed2001

A survey of reading, writing, and oral communication skills in North American veterinary medical colleges.

In the 1989 report by the Pew National Veterinary Education Program (PNVEP), communication skills topped the list of characteristics the veterinary graduate should possess in order to function effectively in the twenty-first century. To determine the reading, writing, and oral communication requirements and opportunities in veterinary curricula in the US and Canada, and to determine the perceived communication tasks that might be commonly required of practicing veterinarians in the next century, we sent a 15-item communications skills questionnaire to the academic deans of the 31 veterinary curricula in the US and Canada. The results reinforce the importance of communication skills in veterinary medicine, as detailed by the PNVEP over 10 years ago. Based on the responses to our questionnaire and on our own experiences with veterinary medical students, we make several recommendations to enhance communication instruction in veterinary medical curricula.

Canada↗
PubMed1993

[A moralist as balneologist. Felix Hemmerlis, 'Tractus de balneis naturalibus' (about 1420) and his reception in Germany].

It was about 1450 that the absence of balneological professional literature in Germany led the Swiss theologian and lawyer Felix Hemmerli to write a Latin treatise about the German hot springs. Hemmerli claimed that because of their greediness the medical experts did not write down their knowledge. In most of its parts Hemmerli's treatise is structured according to the empirical method of the Italian 14th century literature concerning baths, but the balneological text itself is embedded within a moralizing discourse. The reception of Hemmerli's treatise in Germany rejected its hostility towards the medical professionals; the translation of the text into German reduced its moralizing aspects and rendered an almost pure by medical text.

Balneology↗
PubMed1995

An 'ethics gap' in writing about bioethics: a quantitative comparison of the medical and the surgical literature.

In order to determine whether there is a significant difference between the medical literature and the surgical literature in terms of their bioethics content, we conducted a computerized search of the MEDLINE database. The journals searched were selected from the 'Medicine' and 'Surgery' sections of the 'Brandon-Hill List', and the search was limited to 1992 issues of these journals. Three hundred and seven bioethics bibliographic records (out of a total of 11,239 articles indexed) were retrieved from the 15 medical journals searched, while 17 bioethics bibliographic records (out of a total of 2,645 articles indexed) were retrieved from the 12 surgical journals searched. We conclude that there is a statistically significant (p < 0.001) difference between the medical literature and the surgical literature with respect to their quantitative bioethics content.

Bibliometrics↗