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Results for “Medical Informatics Computing”

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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Applying informatics in tissue engineering.

OBJECTIVE: To facilitate tissue engineering strategies determination with informatics tools. METHODS: Firstly, tissue engineering experimental data were standardized and integrated into a centralized database; secondly, we used data mining tools (e.g. artificial neural networks and decision trees) to predict the outcomes of tissue engineering strategies; thirdly, a strategy design algorithm was developed, and its efficacy was validated with animal experiments; lastly, we constructed an online database and a decision support system for tissue engineering. RESULTS: The artificial neural networks and the decision trees respectively predicted the outcomes of tissue engineering strategies with the predictive accuracy of 95.14% and 85.26%. Following the strategies generated by computer, we cured 18 of the 20 experimental animals with a significantly lower cost than usual. CONCLUSION: Informatics is beneficial for realizing safe, effective and economical tissue engineering.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1993

Philosophies for the design and development of clinical decision-support systems.

Little significance is attached by medical informatics workers to the many practical issues which affect the development of clinical decision-support systems. We examine the current state of research in clinical decision-support, the characteristics and motivations of developers, and the perceptions of intended end-users. Factors which adversely affect the success of systems are highlighted and pointers to good practice discussed. We then propose a coherent approach to system development, consisting of requirements analysis, software design, implementation, testing, evaluation and maintenance.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed2002

Imaging and the Human Brain Project: a review.

OBJECTIVES: Survey current work primarily funded by the US Human Brain Project (HBP) that involves substantial use of images. Organize this work around a framework based on the physical organization of the body. METHODS: Pointers to individual research efforts were obtained through the HBP home page as well as personal contracts from HBP annual meetings. References from these sources were followed to find closely related work. The individual research efforts were then studied and characterized. RESULTS: The subject of the review is the intersection of neuroinformatics (information about the brain), imaging informatics (information about images), and structural informatics (information about the physical structure of the body). Of the 30 funded projects currently listed on the HBP web site, at least 22 make heavy use of images. These projects are described in terms of broad categories of structural imaging, functional imaging, and image-based brain information systems. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the most complex entity known (the brain) gives rise to many interesting and difficult problems in informatics and computer science. Although much progress has been made by HBP and other neuroinformatics researchers, a great many problems remain that will require substantial informatics research efforts. Thus, the HPB can and should be seen as an excellent driving application area for biomedical informatics research.

Brain↗
PubMed2006

Grid scheduling for interactive analysis.

Grids are facing the challenge of moving from batch systems to interactive computing. In the 70s, standalone computer systems have met this challenge, and this was the starting point of pervasive computing. Meeting this challenge will allow grids to be the infrastructure for ambient intelligence and ubiquitous computing. This paper shows that EGEE, the largest world grid, does not yet provide the services required for interactive computing, but that it is amenable to this evolution through relatively modest middleware evolution. A case study on medical image analysis exemplifies the particular needs of ultra-short jobs.

Databases as Topic↗
PubMed2005

Designing and Evaluating Home-Based, Just-in-Time Supportive Technology.

At MIT, a multi-disciplinary team of researchers is studying how to create pervasive computing environments for the home. We are developing technologies and design strategies that use context-aware sensing to empower people with information by presenting it at precisely the right time and place. Contrary to many visions of future home environments in the literature, we advocate an approach that uses technology to teach as opposed to using technology primarily for automated control. We have constructed a "living laboratory" that will provide a unique, flexible infrastructure for scientifically studying the power of pervasive computing for motivating learning and behavior change in the home. This facility, called the PlaceLab, is being used to study technology for creating homes that are supportive.

Biomedical Technology↗
PubMed1994

A business case for health informatics standards.

The acceleration of health informatics standards development has both value to health care delivery as well as economic value to the nation's economy. This paper describes the business case for standards development to enable development and implementation of computer-based patient record systems.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1998

Standards to support development of terminological systems for healthcare telematics.

The Technical Committee on "Medical Informatics" of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN/TC251) is supporting developers of terminological systems in healthcare by a series of standards. The dream of "universal" coding system was abandoned in favor of a coherent family of terminologies, diversified according to tasks; two ideas were introduced: (1) the "categorical structure", i.e. a model of semantic categories and their relations within a subject field and (2) the "cross-thesaurus", i.e. a system of descriptors to build a systematic representation (called here "dissection") for each terminological phrase, coherent across diverse terminologies on a given subject field. The goal is to assure coexistence and interoperability (and reciprocal support for development and maintenance) to three generations of systems: (1) traditional paper-based systems (first generation); (2) compositional systems built according to a categorical structure and a cross-thesaurus (second generation) and (3) formal models (third generation). Various scenarios are presented, on the exploitation of computer-based terminological systems. The idea of "operational meaning" of terminological phrases within administrative and organizational contexts and the idea of "task-oriented details" are also introduced, to justify and exploit design constraints on terminological systems.

Europe↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Informatics of public health management in the Udmurt Republic].

The paper outlines the structure and basic directions of activities of the Information Computer Center (ICC) of the Ministry of Health in the Republic of Udmurt. ICC develops of software for polyclinics, hospitals, counting offices, clinical units and other divisions of therapeutical and prophylactic institutions.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed2005

Teaching medical informatics skills during a clinical clerkship.

Medical students use many forms of medical electronic resources (MER) during clinical clerkships. Such resources may be inaccurate, irrelevant or inappropriate, yet most medical students do not receive guidance on the use of MER. During the earliest clinical clerkship we gave a series of seminars and assignments on the use of MER. These were well accepted and were followed by increased knowledge in the use of MER.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMed1994

The application of future technologies to medical informatics.

Physician: "Condyloma, Toxoplasmosis, Blepharoplasty, and Fibroadenoma." Technoguru: "Pardon?" Physician (referring to "PCDR, Physician's Computer Desk Reference): "Carrier Sense Multiple Access, Spread Spectrum, Application Programming Interface, and Clustered Indexes." Technoguru: "Oh, now you're talking! How many do you want?" Until such time as computer scientists holding degrees in medicine become de rigueur, there will inevitably be conversations such as these. A pediatrician friend once told me that he could teach me in 30 days what I would need to know to handle 95 percent of the cases he sees. To handle the other 5 percent would still require 8 years of postgraduate medical education. The corollary for the application of technology is that I can teach you how to use a personal computer, and even to do a little programming, but to build a robust, mission-critical system for a production health care environment, well, back to school you go.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed2002

Secure communication and co-operation of distributed Electronic Patient Records.

Electronic Health Records (EHR) are moving towards the core application of health information systems. Enabling informational interoperability of shared care environment including EHR, structure and function of components used have to follow open standards and publicly available specifications. This comprises also methods and tools applied. Security services needed have to be an integral part of architecture and operation of the specified and implemented components. Starting with basic architectural paradigms the Magdeburg Medical Informatics Department was involved in at the early nineties, the secure behaviour of components has been derived. For establishing the required trustworthiness, security models have been introduced and presented in the paper. Beside communication security services based on standardised Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and security token such as Health Professional Cards (HPC), policy-defined application security services such as authorisation, access control, accountability, etc., of information recorded, stored and processed must be guaranteed. In that context, appropriate resource access decision services have to be established. As the HARP project result, a component-based EHR architecture has been specified and demonstrated for enforcing fine-grained security services by binding certificates to application components, by the way enforcing policies.

Computer Security↗
PubMed1997

Virtual shelves. II: A unified catalog for a heterogeneous collection.

We describe a unified catalog of traditional and digital resources in medical informatics, using standard cataloging principles (AACR2), schemes (LCC), and coding formats (USMARC). The unified catalog integrates the bibliographic records of physical items in the heterogeneous collection with the bibliographic records of network accessible digital items, using prescribed cataloging formats to new effect. The unified catalog is collections-based. We do not use the MARC 856 field to specify the network location of a digital item. The location of a digital item is determined by mapping its call number through a location guide to a network address. This mapping is strictly isomorphic to the way the shelf location of a physical item is determined within the bounds of a controlled collection.

Book Classification↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The applications of informatics in ophthalmology].

The paper reports on the applications of information science in Romania in ophthalmology, and mainly in glaucoma, in the diagnosis of: degenerative affections of the fundus oculi, uveitis, strabismus, in functional exploration of the chromatic sense, ergo-ophthalmology, pupillary reflex and forms of the pupil, etc. The Romanian made computers Felix, Independent, Coral, Cobra, etc. were used.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A primer on aspects of cognition for medical informatics.

As a multidisciplinary field, medical informatics draws on a range of disciplines, such as computer science, information science, and the social and cognitive sciences. The cognitive sciences can provide important insights into the nature of the processes involved in human- computer interaction and help improve the design of medical information systems by providing insight into the roles that knowledge, memory, and strategies play in a variety of cognitive activities. In this paper, the authors survey literature on aspects of medical cognition and provide a set of claims that they consider to be important in medical informatics.

Cognition↗