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Results for “Maxillofacial Development”

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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Effects of mandibular growth patterns on the development and configuration of the face in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Radiographic cephalometry has been used for the assessment of the effects of mandibular rotation and of posterior growth displacement of the temporomandibular joint on the development of the face and on overjet in 43 patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate between the ages of 10 and 15 years. Rotation acted mainly on vertical facial measurements and on the position of the lower jaw. The degree of posterior displacement of the temporomandibular joint exerted an influence on the position of the mandible, on the difference between the functional length of the upper and lower jaw, and on the occlusion of incisors. The direction of growth of the mandible as a whole represented the result of a combination of changes produced by the rotation of the jaw and by the degree of posterior displacement of the temporomandibular joint. The most favourable conditions for development were a combination of the neutral type of rotation with a more pronounced posterior displacement of the temporomandibular joint.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Regulation of face and limb development: genetic aspects].

The review presents recent and earlier data on genetic regulation of different morphogenetic events in diverse organisms, mainly human, murine, avian and Drosophila ones. Without repeating the numerous names of genes in these organisms, one may summarize that the sets of genes involved in the regulation of development of facial and limbal structures in different organisms are rather similar, at least overlapping to a considerable degree.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Respiratory and deglutition pathology in malocclusion].

The Authors, in this work, describe the ripercussions fixed by the pathology of the first respiratory organs and of the deglutition both at expense of maxillo-facial development and at systematic-level; by beginning from physiologic mechanisms, the most frequent causes of the oral respiration and the atypic deglutition are analysed.

Deglutition Disorders↗
PubMed1987

[Role and significance of the branchial system in cervico-facial morphogenesis].

The so-called "branchial" embryonic organization is in fact that of the part of the embryo subjacent to the anterior, encephalic portion of neural tube. It presents, in addition to its typical aspects, historically of importance, other more pertinent aspects related to its segmental character, its mode of development and its morphologic limits. Synthesis of all data is now possible due to recent precision of the origin of branchial muscles and the participation of ectomesochyme in its development. Findings indicate the predominant place and deep significant of this organization in overall embryonic development, for which it represents a determinant phase in itself, independent of evolutionary potential that can be possibly attributed to its vascular components.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of E-cadherin during craniofacial development.

The cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin is assumed to play an important role in organogenesis and histogenesis. We have analyzed the presence of E-cadherin during normal and disturbed craniofacial development with respect to palate and tooth formation by immunohistochemistry using a rat monoclonal antibody (DECMA-1) and by in situ hybridization using an oligonucleotide probe. Cleft palate was induced by retinoic acid (RA) treatment of pregnant dams. Normal and RA-treated fetuses of gestational days 14-18 were examined. E-cadherin was present in epithelia of both ectodermal and endodermal origin, including developing teeth and epithelia of the palate as well as respiratory and oral epithelia. The expression level of E-cadherin increased with age and differentiation. In normal fetuses, at day 18, the expression was higher in the epithelia of the oral cavity than in the forming nasal cavity. The expression pattern of E-cadherin implies that this molecule has a role during normal development of the epithelia of the craniofacial complex.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Exposure to passive smoking and other predictors of reduced nasal volume in children 7 to 12 years old.

The purpose of this study was to assess the nasal volume and the cross-sectional areas of the nose in 7 to 12 year old children, and to identify factors that may influence those parameters. Specifically we investigated the effect of passive smoking at home, body mass, presence of allergies, and history of removal of the tonsils, controlling for the age, gender and race of the child. Fifty-four children participated in the study. Five consecutive nasal measurements were taken from each nostril in one visit, using the acoustic reflection technique (acoustic rhinometry). The nasal volume and the cross-sectional area were computed from the nasal readings. We observed that the minimal cross sectional area is located at the laminal valve, which has been considered one of the main anatomical structures that affect the regulation of breathing in the anterior part of the nose. We also concluded that body mass and exposure to environmental tobacco by-products play a significant role in determining reductions in a child's nasal volume. The clinical significance of such a finding and its effect to the normal craniofacial development of a growing child may force parents to reconsider smoking while at home.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early orthopedic treatment for Class III skeletal pattern.

An eight-year-old female, Class III due to maxillary retrusion with brachyfacial growth pattern was treated with a functional regulator appliance (FR-3). By initiating treatment at an early age, developing skeletal imbalances were corrected. At postretention six years she had balanced profile and stable functional occlusion.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1989

Developmental changes in the facial soft tissues.

Short-base stereophotogrammetry was used to study differential growth and development of the soft tissues of the face. Thirteen facial parameters were measured at ages 9, 11, 13, 15, and 16 years on 170 facial contour maps selected from a mixed longitudinal study of 26 boys and 26 girls. Each parameter was measured three-dimensionally, and its developmental progress at the earlier stages was expressed as a percentage of its value at 16 years of age. Standing height development was assessed in the same way. Three parameters that measured soft tissues surrounding the eyes grew little but were very advanced in their development, following a "neural" pattern. The remaining facial parameters grew more but were less advanced, and standing height was least advanced. There appeared to be three separate patterns of development, "neural," "facial," and "skeletal." Girls were, in general, smaller than boys, but their development was more advanced when measured as a percentage of size at 16 years compared with boys.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The allometric growth of the skull. General mode and prediction of facial growth.

Analysis of skull growth in three dimensions indicates that the process is precise and ordered. It can be logarithmically represented as an expansive process taking place in straight lines. This permits prediction of future shape by forward projection of lines derived from at least two records taken at an early age. Although these longitudinal studies have been carried out in animals, the similarity between human and animal cross-sectional material suggests that the mode of growth of the human skull follows the same principles. It should be possible, with the development of more accurate recording techniques suitable for analysis in three dimensions, to project the future shape of the human skull with a substantial degree of accuracy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A histological study of tissue response to simulated cleft palate surgery at different ages in beagle dogs.

The response of maxillary tissues to mucoperiosteal manipulation at different ages was studied microscopically early after operation and at maturity. Thirty-two Beagles were divided into three experimental groups, a sham-operated group and a control group. At the age of 6, 16 or 25 weeks in the experimental groups an elliptical mucoperiosteal flap was excised in the midsagittal region of the palate, relaxation incisions were made and the mucoperiosteum was elevated and closed in the midline leaving two areas of denuded bone adjacent to the teeth. The animals were killed 1, 2 or 3 weeks after the operation or at the age of 37 weeks and serial sections of the jaw tissues were examined. Two weeks after the operation, scar had formed, its lack of elastic fibres indicating a more rigid type of tissue. The palatal bone showed rapid trabecular deposition. Cervico-palatal and apico-buccal bone resorption in the alveolar socket indicated medial tipping of the teeth. The different soft tissue composition persisted until maturity. In the areas where scar tissue had developed, attachment by means of Sharpey's fibres from the mucoperiosteum to the palatal bone was found at the age of 37 weeks. Thus the different mechanical properties of scar tissue adjacent to the teeth and its attachment to the palatal bone may influence the growth and development of dento-alveolar structures.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2005

Breathing mode influence in craniofacial development.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in facial proportions of nose and mouth breathing children using cephalometric analysis. STUDY DESIGN: Transversal cohort. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Sixty cephalometric radiographs from pediatric patients aged 6 to 10 years were used. After otorhinolaryngological evaluation, patients were divided into two groups: Group I, with mouth breathing children and group II, with nose breathers. Standard lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained to evaluate facial proportions using the following measures: SN.GoGn, ArGo.GoMe, N-Me, N-ANS, ANS-Me and S-Go; and the following indexes: PFH-AFH ratio: S-Go/N-Me; LFH-AFH ratio: ANS-Me/N-Me and UFH-LFH ratio: N-ANS/ANS-Me. RESULTS: It was observed that the measurements for the inclination of the mandibular plane (SN.GoGn) in mouth breathing children were statistically higher than those in nasal breathing children. The posterior facial height was statistically smaller than the anterior one in mouth breathing children (PFH-AFH ratio). Thus, the upper anterior facial height was statistically smaller than the lower facial height (UFH-LFH ratio). CONCLUSION: We concluded that mouth breathing children tend to have higher mandibular inclination and more vertical growth. These findings support the influence of the breathing mode in craniofacial development.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1993

The aetiological factors in Class III malocclusion.

This retrospective, cephalometric study was undertaken in an attempt to identify the aetiological features which may be associated with a Class III malocclusion in the growing child. Four-hundred-and-ninety-five lateral cephalometric radiographs (210 control and 285 Class III films) formed the basis of the study. All subjects were Caucasian: the material was divided into four age groups, and males and females were examined separately. Comparisons were made between control and Class III children in each of these eight subgroups. Class III children showed differences in facial morphology in all facial areas examined, when compared with their control peers. The cranial base angle was more acute, the maxilla shorter and more retrusive, whilst the mandible was longer and more prominent. This was due in part to a more ventral position of the mandibular articulation. The proclined upper incisors were as far forward within the face in the Class III group as in the controls, but the retroclined lower teeth were even more labially placed. The range of individual variation was wide and few Class III children exhibited all characteristic features. Both control and Class III male faces showed their greatest increments of growth between 14 and 17 years of age: in control females, facial growth had ceased by this time, but in the Class III group, development remained active. The Class III female face seemed to have a tendency towards horizontal development, whereas the males exhibited a more vertical growth pattern.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Premaxillary-maxillary suture asymmetry in a juvenile Gorilla. Implications for understanding dentofacial growth and development.

A specimen of juvenile gorilla was found that had the premaxillary-maxillary suture coursing between the lateral deciduous incisor and deciduous canine on one side of the jaw, but between the central and lateral deciduous incisors on the other; in the latter, the suture also separates the alveolus of the lateral deciduous incisor from the crypt of the growing successional lateral incisor. Rather than dismiss this exception to the traditional dictum of tooth identification--which is based on the position to teeth relative to this suture--as some inconsequential anomaly, an attempt is made to understand how this can occur within the confines of present understanding of dentofacial growth and development and developmental theory. An hypothesis relating tooth and tooth class identification is presented in the context of ectomesenchymally predifferentiated stem progenitors and subsequent tooth class proliferation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Regulatory issues during early craniofacial development: a summary.

During neurulation, craniofacial structures derived from the first branchial arch are determined to become maxillary, mandibular, and tongue formations. At least four interdependent developmental processes become integrated: (1) allocation of cells into specific lineages (perhaps during gastrulation); (2) regulation of time-dependent differential regulatory and structural gene expressions; (3) positional information resulting in pattern formations; and (4) morphogenesis, histogenesis, and cytodifferentiation. This review highlights progress toward understanding when, where, and how the one-dimensional genetic information encoded within DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is sequentially expressed into the embryonic craniofacial complex. Specifically, how might intrinsic autocrine and/or paracrine regulatory factors control the developmental program for early first branchial arch morphogenesis, histogenesis, and cytodifferentiation. Rules learned from normal development should be useful toward advancing the diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of congenital craniofacial malformations.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Development of intracranial relations in patients aged 10 to 18 years with clefts of the lip and palate, using cluster analysis.

The investigation is based on a longitudinal cephalometric investigation of lateral teleroentgenographic pictures of male patients with a complete unilateral cleft of the lip and palate. Using cluster analysis the authors investigated the relationship of 75 craniofacial characteristics of size, shape and position during the time interval from 10 to 18 years of age. The main objective of the work was to characterize the development of intracranial relations during the pubertal spurt and compare the final condition in adulthood with a control group. The angle of the cranial base and its effect on the position of the mandibular joint did not change during the investigation period. The relationship between the rotation of the mandible and the inclination of the upper alveolar process with the protrusion of different parts of the skeletal profile also remained constant. Up to adulthood, the rotation of the mandible developed independently of the sagittal intermaxillary relations. The relationship between the sagittal intermaxillary relations and other parts of the face did, however, change. Before the onset of puberty it was influenced most by the reduced length of the maxilla. The inadequacy of maxillary growth was balanced during this period by a change in the shape and position of the mandible. Its adaptative capacities could not compensate later for this uneven development of the jaws potentiated by the pubertal growth spurt. Due to this the intermaxillary relations deteriorated at the end of development in the majority of patients. The association of the restricted vertical maxillary growth with its retroposition was manifested only in adulthood. Intracranial relations of the control group differed from those in the group with clefts. Sagittal intermaxillary and dental relations were not associated in healthy men. As individual probands were not linked by any restriction of growth or development, no close relationship developed between the shape characteristics of the lower jaw, which is the main compensatory adaptative mechanism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Growth changes in the nasal profile from 7 to 18 years of age.

Lateral head cephalograms of 17 male and 23 female subjects, aged 7 to 18 years, were evaluated for age changes in morphology and position of the nose with reference to the pterygomaxillary vertical plane. The study was confined to persons with normal facial profiles, normal overjets, and Class I molar relationships. Four linear and two angular dimensions were measured. Statistical analysis included the calculation of medians, Q ranges, proportion of growth completed at each age expressed as a percentage of the size of the variable at 18 years, and a pairwise correlation matrix. The results indicated that (1) increments in nose height, depth, and inclination are essentially complete in girls by 16 years of age, while continuing to increase in males up to and beyond 18 years; (2) the ratio of upper to lower nose heights remains at approximately 3:1 from 7 to 18 years in both sexes; (3) the ratio of nose depth to sagittal depth of the underlying skeleton changed from 1:2 at 7 years in both sexes to 1:1.5 in male subjects and 1:1.6 in female subjects at 18 years; (4) although upper nose inclination was similar for the two sexes, lower nose inclination was slightly larger in female subjects, especially after the age of 10 years; (5) persons with greater increments in nose depth than in nose height, or in nose depth than in the sagittal depth of the underlying skeleton, develop larger upper nose inclinations. The impact of nasal growth changes on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning was emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Guidance of eruption for general practitioners.

The principle of early treatment through well-planned extraction of primary teeth followed by removal of permanent teeth has stood the test of time. The objective of this article is to develop some simple guidelines for general dental practitioners to perform 'guidance of eruption' in malocclusion with severe crowding.

Cephalometry↗