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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

An initial radiation safety needs assessment of Costa Rica: the South Texas Chapter of the Health Physics Society's strategic planning appraisal for participation in the "Radiation Safety Without Borders" initiative.

In response to the Health Physics Society's recent 'radiation safety without borders" initiative, the South Texas Chapter of the Health Physics Society selected Costa Rica as its partner country of choice. To develop an understanding of the radiation safety needs of this country, the fall 2001 University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health Environmental Radiation and Radioactivity class was tasked with the assignment of assessing the possible radiation safety needs and concerns for this country. The assignment culminated in a class presentation to the membership of the South Texas Chapter during its annual fall meeting. Using library and web based resources, tile students reviewed a number of public health and radiation-related topics. Life expectancies were found to be equivalent to the United States, even though significant differences in per capita health expenditures were noted. Costa Rica exhibited lower population mortality rates from major causes such as cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms, and external sources. Maternal and infant mortality rates were found to be much higher in Costa Rica than in the United States. Naturally occurring radiation sources such as uranium deposits were not identified as apparent major radiation issues of concern, although ultraviolet radiation exposures are consistently high. Several recent events in the country and the region involving patient overexposures suggest that concerns are likely focused on ensuring the proper use and maintenance of healing arts radiation equipment. The lack of available information on radioactive waste disposal suggests that waste handling also may be an issue warranting attention. The exercise proved to be very educational for the students, and the information gathered will serve to focus the Chapter's efforts when technical exchanges are initiated. The importance of linking this initiative to other existing programs within the country is also discussed.

Costa Rica↗
PubMed1995

[Orders of veterinarians of the Ottoman Army].

This article deals with orders for veterinary duty in the Ottoman Army. Although there were various kinds of decorations for the doctor, there was only one for the veterinarian. In addition, there were two kinds of farrier orders. The scarcity of veterinary decorations were probably due to the fact that the duty was considered a manual trade rather than a scientific discipline. Instruction of veterinary medicine in school was started in the second half of the nineteenth century. The pictures of the decorations presented in this article were taken from the album compiled by Bogos Efendi, the chief jeweller of Sultan Abdülmecid and kept in the Topkapi Palace Museum Library.

Awards and Prizes↗
PubMed2006

An interactive three-dimensional virtual body structures system for anatomical training over the internet.

The Visible Human digital datasets make it possible to develop computer-based anatomical training systems that use virtual anatomical models (virtual body structures-VBS). Medical schools are combining these virtual training systems and classical anatomy teaching methods that use labeled images and cadaver dissection. In this paper we present a customizable web-based three-dimensional anatomy training system, W3D-VBS. W3D-VBS uses National Library of Medicine's (NLM) Visible Human Male datasets to interactively locate, explore, select, extract, highlight, label, and visualize, realistic 2D (using axial, coronal, and sagittal views) and 3D virtual structures. A real-time self-guided virtual tour of the entire body is designed to provide detailed anatomical information about structures, substructures, and proximal structures. The system thus facilitates learning of visuospatial relationships at a level of detail that may not be possible by any other means. The use of volumetric structures allows for repeated real-time virtual dissections, from any angle, at the convenience of the user. Volumetric (3D) virtual dissections are performed by adding, removing, highlighting, and labeling individual structures (and/or entire anatomical systems). The resultant virtual explorations (consisting of anatomical 2D/3D illustrations and animations), with user selected highlighting colors and label positions, can be saved and used for generating lesson plans and evaluation systems. Tracking users' progress using the evaluation system helps customize the curriculum, making W3D-VBS a powerful learning tool. Our plan is to incorporate other Visible Human segmented datasets, especially datasets with higher resolutions, that make it possible to include finer anatomical structures such as nerves and small vessels.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1991

Role of the medical museum in teaching medical students.

We describe the Educational Museum of Modern Medicine of Kawasaki Medical School of Kurashiki, Japan, and its use in medical education. The extraordinary speed of recent medical advances confronts medical educators with many difficulties. With the aim of improving medical education at our school, we have imposed some roles of medical education, especially regarding pathology, on the medical museum, because it has attracted students to a greater extent and facilitated their independent learning in a more fruitful way than the audiovisual materials previously available in our library. We hope to provide some insights for the improvement of medical education and lead to enthusiastic discussion of this matter.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1995

A very special Osler inscription.

In the Rare Books Room of the Mayo Clinic Library is a book, Sir Thomas Browne's Religio Medici, which may contain the earliest extant book inscription penned by Sir William Osler. Dr. John Graner reports that Osler gave the book to one of his closest friends when he attended McGill medical school in 1870. Not only does the book possess great historic value, says Graner, but also it symbolizes a unique friendship.

Canada↗
PubMed1988

A study of benefits offered volunteer clinical faculty.

The School of Health Related Professions (HRP) at State University of New York at Buffalo offers its volunteer clinical faculty (VCF) a number of benefits and privileges. These VCF are professionals who train students but do not receive monetary compensation for doing so. A study was conducted to determine what benefits/privileges are valued and used most, the impact and use of tuition waivers (TWs), and other benefits the VCF would desire. A survey was sent to 383 VCF, and 233 (61%) responded. The results showed that VCF valued, in order of priority: TWs, University library privileges, faculty parking, photocopying service, clinical faculty awards, use of recreational facilities, and faculty discounts. The data revealed that 42% of the respondents had used TWs, and the study demonstrated that TWs promote the University's graduate programs. The data supported the contention that TWs play a significant role in recruiting and rewarding VCF. As a result, University financial support for TWs was not eliminated. The feasibility and cost of implementing other incentives for VCF participation, suggested by the VCF, will be investigated by the School of HRP in the future.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Extending continuing education to rural area nurses.

In response to the educational needs of rural Midwest nurses, several federal grants have been administered cooperatively by the continuing education (CE) departments of Creighton University School of Nursing and the University of Nebraska College of Nursing. This article focuses on the developmental process and outcomes of the last two of eight modules designed for rural nurses. The modules were presented as separate 1-day offerings and then made available as library loan items that included written and audiovisual materials. At the conclusion of the final grant period, a 2-day "Teach-the-Trainer" seminar was held that not only made all previously developed resources available to rural nurse volunteers, but also provided practical experience in teaching techniques. Participants' pre- and post- "Comfort Scales" were computed and revealed a general increase in their "comfort" of presenting the modules on their own (e.g., requesting CE credit, determining audiovisual use, and using handouts).

Curriculum↗
PubMed1989

Designing and implementing a computer learning center in a college of medicine.

This report describes the approach taken at the Penn State College of Medicine to develop a central Computer Learning Center (CLC) and the use characteristics during the first 21 months of operation. A task force was created to establish the CLC, and a 12-month timetable was used from initial planning until the CLC was operational. In the first 21 months of operation, the CLC use increased linearly from 48 users per month to 388 users per month. More than half of the users were medical students, with the remainder distributed among faculty, staff, graduate students, nursing students, and medical residents. The growth of CLC use and the diversity of computer-assisted applications have occurred due to its central location within the medical center library and to CLC operation being shared by the library and the Department of Educational Resources.

Computer User Training↗
PubMed1980

Preschool and school programme in humanizing children's hospital stay.

Introducing the article, the author emphasizes the importance of preschool and school instruction of the hospitalized children. Although this education and instruction programme differs in many particularities from that in normal schools, it should adhere to the same principles regarding the content and organization of the educational process and promote collaboration between the teaching staff in regular schools and teachers in hospitals. "Play therapy' is only one of the aspects of this activity and it is our task as pediatricians to provide a satisfactory number of full-time preschool and school teachers on the ward. Good planning in this field is of utmost importance. Suitable facilities for playing and learning are necessary, as well as toys, books and other possibilities for handcraft skills. Appropriate staff rooms should be provided for the hospital teaching staff. Today, the idea of hospital education and instruction programme is accepted and teachers and preschool teachers already work in some pediatric hospitals. Our task is, however, that kindergarten and school find their place in each children's hospital. This should also be enacted by law.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Precision targeting of teacher burnout using network-informed ecological momentary interventions.

Teacher well-being affects classroom functioning and workforce stability, yet generic digital programs rarely use person-specific affect dynamics to select support. This cluster-randomised trial evaluated whether micro-interventions selected from high expected influence (EI) nodes in teachers' contemporaneous affect networks produced larger changes in burnout-related EI and everyday happiness than content-matched random allocation. The objectives were to estimate allocation effects on changes in estimated network summaries and happiness, evaluate network change as a statistical mediator, examine personality moderation, and benchmark simpler allocation rules. A two-arm cluster randomised platform trial was conducted in 84 public schools across four urban districts in H Province. After a 14 day baseline of ecological momentary assessment (EMA), person specific partial correlation networks were estimated for happiness, exhaustion, detachment, efficacy and rumination. An optimisation engine prioritised three brief micro-intervention types per teacher according to baseline EI, while the active control received the same library without network information. EMA continued for 8 weeks; Bayesian multilevel models, permutation-based mediation, and benchmarking analyses were applied. EI-based targeting produced larger reductions in the composite EI-change index than active control (mean difference 0.11, 95% credible interval 0.08 to 0.14) and higher week 7 EMA happiness (4.4 points on a 0 to 100 scale, 95% credible interval 2.7 to 6.0), with a positive arm by week slope difference of 0.62 points per week (95% credible interval 0.39 to 0.85). Model-based mediation estimates were consistent with approximately one half of the happiness difference being statistically associated with change in the composite EI-change index (average conditional mediation estimate 3.5 points, 95% credible interval 2.0 to 5.2). Benchmarking showed smaller gains under severity, threshold, or group-level centrality rules. Effects were stronger among teachers higher in conscientiousness. The findings indicate that integrating EMA, network modelling, and EI-driven optimisation yields measurable gains beyond content-matched exposure, providing a proof of concept for district-scale precision mental health that requires prospective implementation testing. Replication in additional regions, expanded node sets, and longer follow up are warranted to assess durability and generalisability.

Female↗
PubMed1998

Diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association.

OBJECTIVE: To deal with public and professional concern regarding possible overprescription of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications, particularly methylphenidate, by reviewing issues related to the diagnosis, optimal treatment, and actual care of ADHD patients and of evidence of patient misuse of ADHD medications. DATA SOURCES: Literature review using a National Library of Medicine database search for 1975 through March 1997 on the terms attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, methylphenidate, stimulants, and stimulant abuse and dependence. Relevant documents from the Drug Enforcement Administration were also reviewed. STUDY SELECTION: All English-language studies dealing with children of elementary school through high school age were included. DATA EXTRACTION: All searched articles were selected and were made available to coauthors for review. Additional articles known to coauthors were added to the initial list, and a consensus was developed among the coauthors regarding the articles most pertinent to the issues requested in the resolution calling for this report. Relevant information from these articles was included in the report. DATA SYNTHESIS: Diagnostic criteria for ADHD are based on extensive empirical research and, if applied appropriately, lead to the diagnosis of a syndrome with high interrater reliability, good face validity, and high predictability of course and medication responsiveness. The criteria of what constitutes ADHD in children have broadened, and there is a growing appreciation of the persistence of ADHD into adolescence and adulthood. As a result, more children (especially girls), adolescents, and adults are being diagnosed and treated with stimulant medication, and children are being treated for longer periods of time. Epidemiologic studies using standardized diagnostic criteria suggest that 3% to 6% of the school-aged population (elementary through high school) may suffer from ADHD, although the percentage of US youth being treated for ADHD is at most at the lower end of this prevalence range. Pharmacotherapy, particularly use of stimulants, has been extensively studied and generally provides significant short-term symptomatic and academic improvement. There is little evidence that stimulant abuse or diversion is currently a major problem, particularly among those with ADHD, although recent trends suggest that this could increase with the expanding production and use of stimulants. CONCLUSIONS: Although some children are being diagnosed as having ADHD with insufficient evaluation and in some cases stimulant medication is prescribed when treatment alternatives exist, there is little evidence of widespread overdiagnosis or misdiagnosis of ADHD or of widespread overprescription of methylphenidate by physicians.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Excess capacity: markets regulation, and values.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the conceptual bases for the conflicting views of excess capacity in healthcare markets and their application in the context of today's turbulent environment. STUDY SETTING: The policy and research literature of the past three decades. STUDY DESIGN: The theoretical perspectives of alternative economic schools of thought are used to support different policy positions with regard to excess capacity. Changes in these policy positions over time are linked to changes in the economic and political environment of the period. The social values implied by this history are articulated. DATA COLLECTION: Standard library search procedures are used to identify relevant literature. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Alternative policy views of excess capacity in healthcare markets rely on differing theoretical foundations. Changes in the context in which policy decisions are made over time affect the dominant theoretical framework and, therefore, the dominant policy view of excess capacity. CONCLUSIONS: In the 1990s, multiple perspectives of optimal capacity still exist. However, our evolving history suggests a set of persistent values that should guide future policy in this area.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1986

The computer as a tool for learning.

Experimenters from the beginning recognized the advantages computers might offer in medical education. Several medical schools have gained experience in such programs in automated instruction. Television images and graphic display combined with computer control and user interaction are effective for teaching problem solving. The National Board of Medical Examiners has developed patient-case simulation for examining clinical skills, and the National Library of Medicine has experimented with combining media. Advances from the field of artificial intelligence and the availability of increasingly powerful microcomputers at lower cost will aid further development. Computers will likely affect existing educational methods, adding new capabilities to laboratory exercises, to self-assessment and to continuing education.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed2005

Factors associated with academic radiology research productivity.

PURPOSE: To determine factors associated with research productivity among all university radiology departments in the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS: As an observational study, this was exempt from institutional review board approval. All 47,299 radiology articles from 1996 through 2003 that were indexed in the National Library of Medicine MEDLINE database were studied. Each article was assigned a "publication impact" score based on the impact factor of its source journal. These citations were then matched, along with National Institutes of Health (NIH) extramural grant, residency, fellowship, faculty, and geographic data, to 109 individual medical school radiology departments. Raw citation count was used to measure research quantity, and aggregate publication impact was used to measure quality. Regression analyses were used to compare the relationship between the study variables and research quality and quantity measures on the departmental and individual faculty level. RESULTS: Finalized statistical models accounted for 75%-88% of variance in productivity. NIH funding had a significant and positive association with all measures of research productivity (P < .001), with one article associated with 167,980 dollars in funding and one publication impact unit associated with 83,271 dollars in funding. Large resident program sizes (P < .001) and the presence of fellows (P = .007) also had a significant association. Geographic region, salary, and faculty characteristics had no detectable association. Extrapolations based on these results estimated the cost of annual global radiology research at 907 million dollars, with the U.S. component at at least 417 million dollars. NIH funding accounted for 45% of the U.S. component. CONCLUSION: NIH funding, resident program size, and fellow characteristics are significantly associated with academic research output.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed2002

[Dental fluorosis: epidemiological fiction?].

OBJECTIVE: To review the scientific literature concerning dental fluorosis and to evaluate its occurrence among children attending public schools in the city of Curitiba, which is in the state of Paraná in Brazil. METHODS: We reviewed the international literature on fluorosis that was published between 1998 and 2001, focusing on systematic critical reviews that were listed in such electronic bibliographical sources as MEDLINE, LILACS, the Cochrane Library, and Sci-ELO Public Health. In addition, in 2000 we carried out a cross-sectional study with 12-year old schoolchildren (n = 1,494) in Curitiba. RESULTS: Our literature review found that there is still much controversy regarding the benefits associated with fluoride supplementation and the impact of fluorosis. In our cross-sectional study with the Curitiba schoolchildren, we found a fluorosis prevalence of 23% for grade 2, 3, 4, or 5 on the Dean index. The observed fluorosis had little impact on the biopsychosocial health of the children studied, as shown by the multivariate logistic regression analysis. The analysis showed that the presence of fluorosis was not significantly associated with dissatisfaction with tooth color. However, there was an association between the independent variable of place of residence (sanitary district within Curitiba) and fluorosis (P = 0.00), in both the bivariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our results, we concluded that dental fluorosis is not now a crucial epidemiological problem for the population studied in Curitiba. Any initiatives to control fluorosis should take into account the population's perception of the problem. Nevertheless, it is still extremely important to monitor the levels of fluoride in drinking water.

Brazil↗
PubMed1994

[The establishment of the museum of Hôpital Saint-Louis: chronological milestones and important elements].

Created in 1865, by Alphonse Devergie, physician and head of one of the medical departments in Saint-Louis hospital, the first iconographic collection of the museum was made by water-colours, photographs from the atlas by Hardy and Montméja. Financially supported by the assistance Publique in Paris, thanks to the interest of its manager, Armand Husson, the museum was then enriched by the wax moulages produced by Jules Baretta, from 1867 onwards. Due to the development of the collection, the erection of a specific building was soon regarded as a necessity. The attention given to the project, by Bourneville, City Councellor in Paris, made it possible. First managed by Charles Lailler, physician in Saint-Louis, the museum was definitely located, with the medical library (later called Bibliothèque Henri Feulard), in an independent building, inaugurated August 5th 1889 on the opening of the first International Congress of Dermatology and Syphilology. This new museum, still existing in its original condition, was a part of the restoration of the international influence of the French school of dermatology.

Dermatology↗
PubMed1992

Composite resident work week.

During a 4-week period, all residents in the Wright State University School of Medicine Department of Surgery residency program were required to keep a log of their daily activities. Times were collected for the following resident activities: patient rounds, work-ups, laboratory data review, consults, meetings with attending physicians or patient families, phone calls, teaching conferences, medical student teaching, library time, clinics, attendance at codes, emergency department visits, on-call time, medical records committee meetings, and time scrubbed. The composite average weekly hours by resident year were 83.4 hours [postgraduate year (PGY)-1], 78.4 hours (PGY-2), 60.2 hours (PGY-3), 79.6 hours (PGY-4), and 80.9 hours (PGY-5). More than 50% of the resident work week cards were for less than 80 hours. Three activities (patient rounds, time scrubbed, and on-call) accounted for the majority of the residents' hours, but the average week, deleting educational and administrative hours, was less than 80 hours for all residents.

General Surgery↗