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PubMed1999

Migration in a socialist transitional economy: heterogeneity, socioeconomic and spatial characteristics of migrants in China and Guangdong province.

The peculiar features of China's socialist transitional economy, including the coexistence of "plan" and "nonplan" mechanisms, the hukou institution, uneven spatial development, and gendered constraints and opportunities, have brought about a high degree of heterogeneity among population movements. Using the 1990 Census data on reasons for migration, and an empirical analysis of both national patterns and migration in Guangdong, the author documents the socioeconomic characteristics and spatial patterns of major types of migration, focusing on migration for employment in industry and business, male migration due to job transfer, and female marriage migration. The author argues that the multitude of migration types, and the contrasts among them, are products of the combination of state-planning and market mechanisms. The findings highlight institutional explanations for migration, and show that the "plan"/"nonplan" dichotomy is more meaningful that the economic-social dichotomy for understanding population movements in China.

Asia↗
PubMed1991

Asian women workers in Kuwait.

The author examines trends in the roles of immigrant Asian women workers in Kuwait, using data from published censuses and reports and from three national-level surveys conducted in 1977-1979, 1983, and 1986-1987. "The study deals separately with the two major types of migrants: the domestic servants and the clerical and professional (or semiprofessional) workers.... The policies of sending countries and of Kuwait are discussed to reach some conclusions about the likely future patterns of migration of Asian women workers to Kuwait."

Asia↗
PubMed1993

Demographic influences on migration.

"This paper explores the effects of demographic change on migration [within the United States] through an examination of migration rates of different age groups and cohorts over time, and the effect on total migration flows of the ageing of regional populations....[The author concludes that] the human investment framework provides a powerful analytical device for analysing migration decision-making at different stages of the life course. Labour supply pressure is advanced as a significant demographic influence on labour mobility." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND GER)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Sociological analysis of migration of agricultural labourers from eastern to north-western region of India.

The authors examine rural-to-rural migration of agricultural workers from eastern to northwestern India. "The specific objectives of this study were: (a) to identify the socio-economic characteristics of the immigrant farm workers; (b) to explicate the causes of migration; (c) to analyse the impact of migration on the pattern of employment, wages, acculturation and interpersonal relations; and (d) to examine the socio-cultural and economic impact of migration on the migrants' families." Data are from a 1984-1986 survey.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1991

[Trends in interregional migration in Estonia since 1947].

Migration trends in Estonia since 1947 are reviewed. The analysis indicates that the country's age distribution began to change earlier than that of other Eastern European countries. "Immigration started earlier too, first with the influx from the Estonia hinterland into the capital, then, after the second world war, with the gradual common workforce influx from the Republics of the Soviet Union." The author concludes that in-migration, combined with greater migration among younger people, has resulted in increased demographic aging, a trend that has to be taken into account when developing social policy. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Age Distribution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Shaping of the migratory process in northern Mexico, 1930-1990].

"During the third decade of this century Mexican geographical structure began to change notoriously. Due to the strong influence of [the] North American economy, the north of Mexico became progressively one of the most important regions in the country, with the emergence of favorable perspectives of economic growth. Soon it became attractive to migration from the demographically pressed regions of Central Mexico. Thus, the north of Mexico was favored by the presence of qualified workers and a growing population. However, the region was not evenly populated, due to geographic, historic, and socio-economic factors that...[affect] the processes of migration and settlement. Some regions present important changes in their migratory flow, evidenced by the presence of new entities of origin and the disappearance of others." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Americas↗
PubMed1992

Aboriginal migration and labour market programs.

"Despite the potential for government employment policies both to encourage and preclude migration among the Aboriginal workforce, little is known about the impacts of such policies. This paper seeks to construct a base line for identifying these impacts by establishing the spatial structure of labour migration among the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population. It makes use of 1986 Census data to describe the volume and pattern of net and gross flows of working-age Aborigines and Islanders through the national settlement system, distinguishing between movements in remote and closely settled parts of the country. Full determination of the links between policy and migration flows awaits comparison with 1991 Census results."

Australia↗
PubMed1994

The role of migration in labour-market adjustment: the British experience in the 1980s.

"In this paper the role of migration in bringing labour supply and demand into balance (or in mitigating imbalance) in Britain in the 1980s is investigated.... The major trends in migration and unemployment at national and regional scales are outlined, and the key characteristics of job-related migrants are identified. In the main part of the paper the author is concerned with the operationalisation of two contrasting methodological approaches designed to promote a greater understanding of the influences acting on changing migration patterns and the role of migration, alongside other factors in labour-market changes. First, the results from a shift-share approach are discussed; and second, the output from an application of the labour market accounts technique is described."

Demography↗
PubMed1991

Migration selectivity and its consequences on the occupational structure in the Taipei metropolis.

Migrants' destination choices and their consequences are discussed using data for Taipei, Taiwan, and its surrounding areas. "We limit our focus on migration selectivity in terms of occupational structure only.... We try to decompose the migration selectivity and its consequences by streams and moving motivation....[The author concludes that] overall the influence of migration selectivity on occupational structures is still dominated by the selectivity due to job and education needs." (SUMMARY IN CHI)

Asia↗
PubMed1991

The determinants of interdistrict labour in-migration in Pakistan, 1971-1980.

"This article begins by reviewing the previous literature pertinent to labour migration within Pakistan. Next, a migration equation at the aggregate level is specified, based on the expected socio-economic determinants of labour migration and data availability. Regression analysis was used to identify and quantify the determinants of interdistrict migration in Pakistan during the period 1971-1980. The results demonstrate that one of the major determinants of migration into a district was the percent of previous migrants in a district's population. Interdistrict migration was also significantly associated with the socio-economic variables of urbanization, population density, and literacy rates. The research presented here provides evidence that the movement of labour between districts in Pakistan is towards locations of superior socio-economic conditions."

Asia↗
PubMed1994

A dynamic migration model with uncertainty.

The author presents "a dynamic version of the Harris-Todaro migration model where a finite population of infinitely-lived Bayesian agents choose consumption and migration decision rules as a function of their histories. The agents do not know the production functions in the two sectors and learn about them through wage draws that they receive from the stochastic production functions. The government knows the true production functions but is uninformed about the agents' beliefs, and the actual wage draws they observe. The government maximizes its welfare function using wage subsidies in the two sectors, and a migration tax. We solve the agents' dynamics programming problem, and then use the solution to solve the government's dynamic programming problem. We study the effects of government policies on the population distribution, and illustrate the model by numerically solving a particular parametric example."

Demography↗
PubMed1992

Temporary versus permanent population mobility in Melanesia: a case study from Vanuatu.

"Melanesia's urban population tripled from...7 percent of the region's total population in 1955 to 20 percent by 1985. The recency and magnitude of this development...virtually rules out natural population growth as the principal cause behind this process of rapid urbanization and suggests massive internal population mobility as the most likely cause....This article argues that much of the alleged continued predominance of circular mobility owes more to its underlying operationalizations, ways of measurement, and theoretical conceptualizations than reflects contemporary reality. This argument is substantiated by an analysis of recent developments in Vanuatu mobility set in the local and historical conditions of migration from the island of Paama.... Evidence for this mobility change is derived from a comparative analysis of lifetime mobility histories of urban and rural Paamese men and women."

Demography↗
PubMed1989

Occupational mobility of heads of households migrating to Medina.

"The aim of this study is to determine the effect of internal and external migration on the occupational mobility of the heads of households migrating to Medina [Saudi Arabia]....[It] is based on a survey of families in Medina which was conducted by the author in 1986/1987." The results show that "the majority of the migrants were able to achieve positive vocational mobility as a result of their migration. However, there are some distinctions in the extent of this positiveness between Saudi Arabian and non-Saudi Arabian migrants, as well as between urban and rural migrants.... The main factors affecting migration to Medina are difference in income, as well as in the educational level at origin and at destination."

Asia↗
PubMed1993

Rural-urban migration, informal sector and development policies: a theoretical analysis.

"A theoretical model of rural-urban migration has been developed with special reference to the informal sector. The wage rate and employment in the informal sector are determined endogenously. The paper shows the simultaneous existence of open unemployment and informal sector in the urban area in migration equilibrium. The effects of alternative subsidy policies on unemployment and welfare of the workers are studied." The model is intended primarily for use in analyzing trends and policies in developing countries.

Asia↗
PubMed1997

Migration of female construction labourers to Dhaka City, Bangladesh.

The author analyzes migration patterns and processes of female construction workers in Dhaka City, Bangladesh, and considers the impact of this migration. "Interviews...reveal that the major goal of these female migrants, whose mobility and employment have traditionally been restricted, is to take responsibility in the struggle for livelihood.... Success of many migrations is linked with participation in construction work in the city. Employment in such activities is largely by women from male-headed households, indicating male support in the work, followed by females heading their own households."

Asia↗
PubMed1992

[Migratory strategies in the overpopulated Nile Delta region].

The author describes cyclical migration from the densely populated Nile Delta region of Egypt during the 1970s. The trend toward this type of migration emerged as a strategy for coping with a lack of local resources without having to permanently migrate to an urban environment. She concludes that "while emigration [to] the Gulf countries helped greatly in this process...cyclical migration towards the towns brought about a longer-term strategy. It furthered the survival of most agricultural developments and encouraged the expansion of a more and more urbanised social strata." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Africa↗
PubMed1994

Adaptation to a new world: experience of Bangladeshis in Japan.

The author explores aspects of Bangladeshi migration to Japan. "The information base for the study is two major sources: sections on the level and trend of migration, socio-economic characteristics of migrants and their job experiences in Japan are based on a survey of Bangladeshi returned migrants from Japan. Information on their socio-economic adjustment was obtained from personal interviews with migrants who had lived and worked in Japan." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)

Acculturation↗