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PubMed1996

House again passes ban on abortions at military facilities.

Voting 192-225 on May 14, the House defeated an effort to reverse the current prohibition on privately funded abortions at military facilities except in cases of life endangerment, rape, or incest. Introduced by pro-choice Representatives Rosa DeLauro (D-CT), Jane Harman (D-CA), and Mike Ward (D-KY) and mixed record Representative Peter Torkildsen (R-MA), the amendment to the National Defense Authorization Act (HR 3230) would have repealed restrictive language in the statute that governs the Department of Defense (DOD). Floor action on the provision of non-government-funded abortions mirrored Representative DeLauro's failed attempts to strike the onerous provision during the mark-up process for HR 3230, which received final House approval in a 272-153 vote on May 15. The House National Security Committee voted 26-20 against removing the abortion restriction on May 1, six days after a similar 11-5 vote by the Subcommittee on Military Personnel. The near ban on abortion services has been in effect since December of last year, when the DOD spending bill was implemented; President Clinton signed the legislation permanently encoding the restriction into law in February (see RFN IV/22, V/3-4). Upon taking office in January 1993, President Clinton had issued an executive memorandum directing the Secretary of Defense to reverse the ban on the performance of non-lifesaving, privately funded abortions at military facilities, which had been instituted through agency action in mid-1988 (see RFN II/3, IV/13). The DOD authorization statute has prohibited the use of federal funds for abortions except in cases of life endangerment for more than a decade.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1997

A campaign against violence: USAID / Kenya funds "Breaking the Silence".

From November 25 to December 10, 1996, USAID/Kenya supported 16 days of activism against gender violence. Called "Breaking the Silence," this annual national campaign was aimed at raising awareness of the rising level of violence against women in Kenya. At meeting places around the country, the campaign, organized by the Coalition on Violence Against Women/Kenya and partially funded by USAID/Kenya, brought together hundreds of participants for a dialogue about gender-based violence. Speakers sought to debunk the myths surrounding violence, including the tendency to blame the victims of gender violence. Victims of violence described their treatment at the hands of abusers. Information brochures discussing domestic battery, wife killing, incest, and other forms of violence against women were distributed. USAID/Kenya has provided funding for this coalition since 1995.

Africa↗
PubMed1978

House subcmte. tightens abortion language.

Medicaid would help pay for abortion in fewer circumstances under the fiscal 1979 Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), appropriations bill approved May 4, 1978, by the House HEW Appropriations Subcommittee than it did in 1978. The new language would permit the funding only if the mother's life would be endangered if the pregnancy were carried to term. Current law permits abortion payments for this reason; if pregnancy results from rape or incest, or if the birth would cause the mother severe and long-lasting physical damage. Behind the scenes pressure probably will be applied to resolve the issue quickly this year since all House members are up for reelection and do not want to have such a sensitive issue intruding on their campaigns. 1 strategy being discussed is the inclusion of riders that would directly or indirectly provide federal funds for abortions in other appropriation measures such as funding for the Defense Department and federal employees health benefits. The House will have to contend with Senator Brooke (R-Massachusetts) ranking minority member on the Senate HEW Appropriations Subcommittee, who is determined to stand firm in favor of liberal abortion funding. With only minimal opposition for his Senate seat this year, Senate staffers say Brooke is not concerned with the possibility of abortion becoming a major campaign issue. It was Brooke who forced the House's hand last year and obtained a more relaxed abortion curb, much to the chagrin of the Carter Administration. The White House, with the President's popularity at a low ebb, would prefer not to be put in a position of taking sides publicly although it prefers the strict curbs. Carter is currently deciding which House members to assist during the campaign and such a no-win issue would only serve to complicate matters. He will have enough of a problem reconciling health spending increases without the added burden of abortion.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1994

Federal court holds first live evidentiary hearing on mandatory delay since Casey.

Four days beginning on June 20, U.S. District Court Judge Nancy Edmunds heard testimony and argument in Northland Family Planning, Inc. vs. Engler, a challenge to Michigan's 1993 mandatory 24-hour delay and biased counseling law. Scheduled to take effect on April 1, the statute was temporarily blocked by Judge Edmunds on March 18--eight days after two dozen women's health care providers and advocates filed suite (see RFN III/5). The hearing this week on plaintiff's request for a preliminary injunction marked the first time since the U.S. Supreme Court's 1992 decision in Planned Parenthood vs. Casey that Witnesses have appeared in federal court to testify about the likely impact of such a measure. In the wake of Casey, an abortion restriction is unconstitutional if it poses an "undue burden" on a woman's right to choose abortion. Nationally renowned experts and clinic directors testified this week that the Michigan law is unnecessary to ensure informed consent for abortions and will particularly disadvantage battered women, rape and incest survivors, women carrying anomalous fetuses, and women who need abortions for severe medical and psychological conditions. CRLP attorneys Eve Gartner and Priscilla Smith represented plaintiffs during the hearing. Mandatory delay and biased counseling laws are currently in effect in Kansas, Mississippi, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Utah; only Mississippi requires women to travel twice to a women's health care provider: once for the mandated information and a second time at least 24 hours later for the abortion.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1994

Minnesota court overturns ban on Medicaid coverage for abortion.

Hennipin County District Court Judge William Posten issued a decision on June 16 striking down Minnesota's near ban on abortion coverage for low-income women. Ruling in Women of the State of Minnesota vs. Haas-Steffen, Judge Posten found that the state Constitution's rights of privacy and equality are more protective of women's reproductive choices than the corresponding federal rights. Holding that "the state's selective funding of childbirth over abortion impinges on an indigent woman's fundamental right to decide for herself whether to continue or terminate her pregnancy," the state district court permanently enjoined enforcement of the measure. Minnesota must now cover all medically necessary abortions for women receiving Medicaid. For more than 15 years, the statutes and regulations invalidated by Judge Posten have limited abortion coverage to cases of life endangerment or reported rape or incest. State officials have indicated that they will seek a stay and expedited review of Judge Posten's decision from the Minnesota Supreme Court. Filed on March 8, 1993, the Minnesota case is one of 5 such lawsuits brought by CRLP. Last December, in a similar case, the West Virginia Supreme Court struck down that state's ban on Medicaid coverage for abortions. Similar CRLP cases are still pending in Florida, Texas, and Montana. Plaintiffs--a class of Minnesota Medicaid-eligible women seeking abortions, Dr. Jane Hodgson, Pro-Choice Resources, Women's Health Center, Midwest Health Center for Women, and Meadowbrook Women's Clinic, on behalf of themselves and the women they serve--are represented by CRLP's Simon Heller, Janet Benshoof, and Lenora Lapidus, along with Minnesota attorney Linda Ojala.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1999

Social basis of deviant sexual behaviour: a historical perspective.

Sexual perversions are often a product of civilized life. Most societies permit some degree of deviant sexual behaviour as a relief from stress of routine life. Criteria for labelling such behaviour have changed over a period of time. There have been instances of normalizing deviant sexual behaviour by formation of pressure groups by the deviants e.g. homosexual clubs, particularly in Western countries. Attitude of church on masturbation & homosexuality has fluctuated from forbidding these activities to accepting these as harmless acts. Extra marital sex, premarital sex, homosexuality, fellatio, masturbation have been reported from almost all societies. Swinging and mate-swapping is more prevalent in the West. Social factors associated with deviant sexual behaviour are discussed. Incest lobbies have come up in U. S. Prostitution has also been there in all societies since antiquity. Earlier, prostitutes enjoyed a relatively higher social status. Their degradation started with the dawn of Christianity. In 1960s there was sexual revolution in U. S. with emphasis on free sex. There is evidence of slowing down of sexual revolution with the advent of AIDS. Safe-sex and fidelity are now being emphasized.

History, 21st Century↗
PubMed1975

[A method to calculate the plausibility of paternity using blood group results of any relatives (author's transl)].

A calculation program is described by means of which the frequency of any type of relationship in cases of disputable descent (questionable partenity, maternity, parenthood, brother- and sisterhood) using blood group results, can be calculated. Within the scope of forensical practice, the program is above all important in cases in which the alleged father and/or mother of the child is deceased, where however, blood group results of other relatives are at disposal, and also in cases of suspected incest - when the alleged father of the child is at the same time father or brother of the child's mother, and, finally, in cases where two men who are related to one another are considered as possible fathers. The program can also be applied to search cases.

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMed2002

In focus. Has patient autonomy gone to far? Geneticists' views in 36 nations.

We surveyed genetics professionals, patients, and the public about rights to information, to requested services, and to parenthood, posing difficult cases found in practice. In all, 2906 genetics professionals (63%), 499 primary care physicians (59%), 476 North American genetics patients (67%), 394 French patients (51%), 593 German patients (65%), and 988 members of the American public (99%) returned anonymous questionnaires. Results suggest a trend toward increased respect for patient autonomy since an earlier survey in 1985; in most nations more would perform prenatal diagnosis for a couple with 4 daughters who desire a son. A minority (35% in U.S., 14% elsewhere) would perform PND for a deaf couple who want a deaf child, but most (94% in U.S., 62% elsewhere) would do prenatal paternity testing in the absence of rape or incest. About half (51%) would support a woman with fragile X who wants children. The trend to respect patient autonomy was greatest in the U.S. and was least evident in China and India. In general, responses to these cases illustrate a shift away from population or eugenic concerns to a model of genetics focused on the individual.

Abortion, Eugenic↗
PubMed2003

Sexual offender containment: use of the postconviction polygraph.

Victims of sexual assault are unlikely to report the crime. For many sexual offenders, then, their sexually deviant behavior remains largely unknown except for crimes that result in arrest or notification to social services. Little is known about the offender's past behavior and little will be known about the offender's future abusive behavior. It is within this context that the containment approach for managing sexual offenders becomes critical to protecting future victimization by known offenders. This paper describes the need to incorporate information learned from the postconviction polygraph examination into intense treatment and criminal justice supervision. Age of onset and frequency and variety of deviant behavior are known risk factors, probably because they reflect the extent to which deviancy is part of the offender's lifestyle. Treatment and supervision plans must incorporate this information, along with the risk presented by these offenders to very specific age and gender groups. This study of data collected on disclosures made by 180 convicted sexual offenders (most were convicted of crimes against children) during the course of four different treatment/polygraph programs found that 39% had a history of sexually assaulting adults, 31% had sexually assaulted both male and female victims, 36% had engaged in bestiality, and two-thirds of the incest offenders had assaulted victims outside the family. Complete information is necessary for treatment providers and supervising officers to develop meaningful and relevant treatment and supervision plans, and for imminent, situational risk factors to be managed and contained.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Sexual contacts between psychotherapists and patients. A review of recent American literature].

According to research in the USA, most psychotherapists reported sexual attraction to one or more of their patients during their career. Only a small minority, however, engaged in sex with their patients. There is a subgroup among offenders (i.e. repeaters) whose views on therapist-patient sex are distorted and grossly at variance with standard professional ethics. Nine of ten patients who have been involved in sex with their therapists are harmed by it. The clinical problems they present resemble those of incest and rape victims. In terms of prevention it seems worthwhile to train students and psychotherapist trainees in ethics and in how to handle sexual feelings. Efforts to rehabilitate offenders have met with little success so far. Prevalence of doctor-patient sex does not seem to differ across most clinical medical specialties.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The fertility of trisomy 21 sufferers. One case (author's transl)].

A case of pregnancy in a patient with trisomy 21 with birth of a hypotrophic infant, with a normal caryotype but multiple malformations. This case illustrates the limitations on antenatal diagnosis by amniocentesis. Study of the literature confirms the unfavourable foetal prognosis as a result of the risk of transmission of the chromosomal abnormality and, secondly, the prevalence of incest.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Under-use of emergency contraception for victims of sexual assault.

BACKGROUND: Approximately 700,000 women in the reproductive age group are victims of sexual assault in the United States per year. Between 1% and 5% of sexual assaults result in pregnancy, for a total of 32,000 pregnancies per year. Of these, 14,000 are aborted because of incest or rape. OBJECTIVE: To determine the percent of emergency departments in the state of Pennsylvania offering routine counseling and provision of emergency contraception to victims of sexual assault. Secondary objectives were to compare provision practices for Catholic versus non-Catholic hospitals, and to compare these practices with other services, such as sexually transmitted disease prophylaxis and sexual assault counseling. METHODS: A 15-item survey instrument was designed to determine the volume of sexual assault patients seen per year, routinely offered services, and emergency contraception protocols. Three telephone callers administered surveys, using a pre-designed script for each call. RESULTS: Of the 165 eligible hospitals, 125 (76%) replied. Less than half (42%) of all hospitals routinely offer emergency contraception counseling, and 16% of the hospitals did not offer any counseling regarding emergency contraception. CONCLUSION: Provision of emergency contraception to victims of sexual assault is inconsistent and insufficient. It is important that sexual assault patients not be further victimized by a system that fails to meet their needs.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Freud's Jocasta and Sophocles' Jocasta: clinical implications of the difference.

Evidence is presented that the Jocasta Sophocles depicted in Oedipus Rex is significantly different from the Jocasta of Freud's synopsis of the play. Sophocles' Jocasta prefers her son to her husband and this preference results in parricide and incest. The clinical implications of this difference are discussed in relation to a group of patients whose mothers resembled Sophocles' Jocasta. The analysis of one such patient is briefly presented. All these patients had difficulties at work and in their psychosexual development. It is argued that these difficulties resulted from the mother's attitude interfering with the dissolution of the Oedipus complex and that quite severe pathology does not necessarily mean pre-oedipal conflicts.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Psychic consequences on the elderly of sexual abuse in their youth].

Three women, aged 64, 65 and 60 years, who were admitted for psychopathology revealed for the first time that they had been sexually abused as a child by a relative. The first woman sought help following the death of her husband, the second after her daughter was raped, and the third suffered from increasing cognitive impairment. Through therapy, they learned how to process their history of incest. In psychiatric patients, the prevalence of sexual abuse in their youth varies from 5-45% in different studies, depending on the definition of sexual abuse. Two Dutch studies of elderly psychiatric inpatients found a prevalence of 16% sexual abuse in 32 male and female patients and 8% in 110 female patients, respectively. Sexual abuse may have a great, lifelong impact on the victims. Many psychiatric and psychological consequences are found in adult populations, but no study has yet included the elderly. All clinicians should be aware that signs and symptoms in the elderly might be related to sexual abuse.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Legal protection for abused Finnish women].

Many women with injuries resulting from criminal assault are examined by physicians at community health centres in Finland, without any differentiation being made between such injuries and injuries and trauma in general. Most of the victims do not seek medical treatment, and only a few of the 5,000 patients examined annually at forensic medicine departments are related to assault or incest. This suggests that the victims are usually cared for in some other way without a report being made to the police or contact with a physician.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Group therapy with sexually molested children.

It should be stressed that the young children's group was only a part of the overall treatment approach that forms the family context of the Child Sexual Abuse Treatment Program. Because the therapists also work with entire families, they have come to accept that the child is not the only victim. Often the mothers and fathers in this program were themselves victims of sexual assaults when they were children, and have carried this victim roles with them into adulthood. A child growing up in this family system will learn the victim role well. Her denial and/or fear of sexual aggression, as well as her role models for parenting, will perpetuate the cycle and make the sexual abuse of her own children a distinct possibility. The play therapy treatment seeks to break this cycle and restore the young child victim's self-respect by teaching new skills and providing different role models. The therapy seeks to help her tap her own power to become an adequate adult. Such therapeutic "undoing" or self-reconstruction is a long process which probably takes as many paths as there are victims. Adults victimized as children frequently report periods of repression and denial, and it is likely that direct treatment of the child victim, when the incest comes to light, mitigates against development of such repression. The natural healing process must be respected. The child needs time to integrate the experience and its painful aftermath. Changing and healing do not take place all at once, or after one period of intervention. Therefore one important aspect of such therapeutic work is to give the child victims the tools to reach out for help and support in the future, when the pain of this early childhood experience may once again be an obstacle to growth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Child murder committed by severely mentally III mothers: an examination of mothers found not guilty by reason of insanity. 2005 Honorable Mention/Richard Rosner Award for the best paper by a fellow in forensic psychiatry or forensic psychology.

Forensic hospital records of 39 severely mentally ill mothers adjudicated Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity for filicide (child murder by parents) were analyzed to describe characteristics preceding this tragedy and to suggest prevention strategies. Almost three-quarters of the mothers (72%) had previous mental health treatment. Over two thirds (69%) of the mothers were experiencing auditory hallucinations, most frequently command hallucinations, and half (49%) were depressed at the time of the offense. Over one third (38%) of the filicides occurred during pregnancy or the postpartum period, and many had a history of postpartum psychosis. Almost three-quarters (72%) of the mothers had experienced considerable developmental stressors, such as death of their own mother or incest. Maternal motives for filicide were predominantly "altruistic" (meaning murder out of love) or "acutely psychotic" (occurring in the throes of psychosis, without rational motive). Psychiatrists should perform careful risk assessments for filicide in mothers with mental illnesses.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sexual abuse of minors].

The author gives a definition of sexual abuse on minors, emphasizing its more frequent occurrence inside the family (incest) than outside. He describes the countertransference reactions induced by this type of abuse, especially in professional teams who tend to put each other in a position of rivalry. Next, he sketches the pathogeny of sexual abuse, the clinical signs and the long term effects. The author deduces what should be the first signs of sexual abuse and proposes a pattern of diagnosis. Finally, he explains a management model, of the crisis and the follow-up of this difficult situation.

Adolescent↗