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PubMed1978

[Insane offenders. Forensic psychiatry and criminal jurisprudence].

Care and treatment of mentally abnormal offenders constitute a special problem for the traditional penal system as well as for conventional psychiatric services. Persons who are not responsible for their criminal acts need more rather than less security. In this paper 348 criminal offenders were analyzed according to type of offence and diagnosis. This population constitutes 3.11% of all psychiatric in-patients in Austrian psychiatric hospitals. In order to improve possibilities of research and at the same time make custody and release better manageable it is suggested to establish special institutions for mentally abnormal offenders. Special attention is also paid to the problem of suicide and self-injuring of prisoners and especially to personality changes ("functional psychosyndrome") due to chronic imprisonment in cases of long-term criminal inmates.

Austria↗
PubMed1983

[The insanities of Zola. François Mouret and the H. Tellenbach melancholy type. Endocosmogenesis, existence, literature].

H. Tellenbach described in 1961, in the melancoly, a "typus melancholicus" characterized by: the category of order, a work fervour, the importance of duty, the altruism. The category of order dominates in spatial distribution and in temporalisation. If space is reduced (includence) and temporalisation backword (remanence), the typus melancholicus can fall into melancoly. Zola published in 1874 "La conquête de Plassans", fourth volume of the Rougon-Macquart. The personnage of François Mouret presents many features of the typus melancholicus. The psychosocial situations and different pressions bring progressive transformation of space and time. So the typus melancholicus goes to a pre-melancholic state and after to a melancholic state.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Concept of insanity in classical Greece].

This paper offers a picture of Greek views on madness and its therapy from Homer to Plato. In Homeric poems the main model of mental illness is that of a sort of possession of the sick man by a demon or divinity. This view is a common pattern in all primitive or archaic cultures. Correlative with it is a magic therapy, and both Illiad and Odyssey show several instances of treatments of mental diseases by conjuration and prayer. This conception lasted for a long time, mainly in the popular Greek mind, and connected with it there are certain types of religious cults as Corybantic and Asclepius. During V and IV centuries B.C. two new models of madness and its treatment are developed. The first is the somatic and natural model characterized by Hippocratic writings, and the second is Plato's philosophical one. Both oppose themselves each other, and none of them has an influence upon the other. The historian of psychiatry will be surely more interested on such themes as Socratic mayeutic, the Platonic dialectic itself, Aristotle's rhetoric and his interpretation of tragic catharsis. All these subjects, not being directly related with madness therapy, are however concerned with the modern view on it.

Drama↗
PubMed1981

Mania, crime and the insanity defense: a case report.

A case has been presented of a young manic depressive man whose first contact with a mental health professional was in connection with a criminal act performed during a manic episode. Information that is often not available or inadequate, especially a comprehensive family history, enabled the author to infer the presence of the illness at the time of the crime. An extended follow-up allowed the diagnosis to be confirmed, treatment to be instituted and reasonable certainty to be attained that the crimes occurred only as a manifestation of or in conjunction with the active phase of the illness. The obstacles to accurate diagnosis in such cases and their appropriate management are discussed in hopes of heightening the awareness of readers to the possibilities of such unsuspected cases in their midst.

Adult↗