Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Hallucinations”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

The hallucination as the unconscious self.

This article describes the symbolic and phenomenological characteristics as well as the experiential process of the schizophrenic hallucination. Considerable attention is paid to insights derived from this type of treatment. Specifically, the concept of primary process is examined as well as the structural nature of the self in the schizophrenic psychosis. An internal three-dimensional model of a patient's unconscious hallucinatory self is presented.

Ego↗
PubMed2003

Coping with voices: selective attention training for persistent auditory hallucinations in treatment refractory schizophrenia.

Attentional difficulties in people with schizophrenia are common and can be disabling. A number of cognitive rehabilitation interventions aim to improve attention span by having patients practice paying attention to various types of stimuli for increasing lengths of time. However, such interventions typically assume that the attention deficit is a form of negative symptom, reflecting a reduced ability to maintain an attentional focus. In the following case study, we describe a cognitive intervention for a patient whose inability to pay attention was the result of persistent, distracting, and disabling auditory hallucinations. The dichotic listening paradigm was modified to enable the patient to repeatedly practice attending to a source of relevant information, while ignoring irrelevant information that was gradually introduced to one, two, and then three spatial locations. A graded technique was used wherein difficulty level (i.e., number of stimulus sources and stimulus intensity) was increased only after near perfect performance was achieved on prior trials. Embedding this intervention within the context of a therapeutic relationship led to clear improvement in task performance over time, with concomitant better attentiveness on the inpatient unit, and an improved ability to engage in interviews at residential settings, leading to subsequent hospital discharge.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

[Charles Bonnet syndrome: visual hallucinations in patients with ocular diseases--case report].

In this article the authors report two cases of Charles Bonnet syndrome, defined as complex visual hallucinations in patients with low vision, and the patient is aware of the unreal nature of the phenomenon. A great number of cases is misdiagnosed due to lack of direct questioning by the physician. Since the emotional distress caused by this disease, the knowledge of its symptoms is essential in the management of these patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Perceptual distortions and hallucinations reported during the course of sleep deprivation.

Subjects worked 30 to 45 min. of each hour for either 48 (n = 2) or 72 hr. (n = 8) without sleep. The frequency of reported visual task-related perceptual distortions and hallucinations showed both a linear increasing component and a strong circadian component. Perceptual distortions were most frequent in the late night-early morning hours (0400) and least frequent in the late afternoon-early evening hours (1600-2000).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Hallucinations that comfort: contextual mediation of deathbed visions.

A sample of 49 accounts of deathbed visions from Barrett's 1926 classic collection were analyzed using the classification scheme for contextual variables proposed recently by Lange, Houran, Harte, and Havens. Consistent with previous research, the contents of the contextual variables operating during these deathbed visions were consistent with the contents of the percipients' experiences. In addition, contextual variables were related to the modalities of the experience, e.g., visual, auditory, and sensed presences, as well as the number of contents, e.g., deceased relatives, angelic beings, and the perception of symbolic borders or limits including water and heavenly gates, as perceived during the dying process. These findings are consistent with the interpretation that deathbed visions are comforting hallucinations and that contextual variables serve to structure these otherwise ambiguous experiences.

Death↗
PubMed1999

Perceptual restoration of missing sounds in a group of hallucinating schizophrenics.

17 subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia and having auditory hallucinations in their case history were compared with 15 control subjects in an experiment on perceptual restoration. A tone pattern was presented, then interrupted by noise, under conditions such that the tone pattern could be heard as going on continuously (restoration). A series of 16 stimuli with a distractor of varying amplitude (noise) were presented. Healthy controls reliably reported restoration in Presentations 9 and 10. Four schizophrenics reported no restoration at all. Three of them reported restoration earlier than controls, and four others reported it later than controls and continued to report the phenomenon after a point at which no healthy controls did. Six other presented an irregular pattern of response to the phenomenon. The results are discussed with respect to the neurophysiological functioning of the auditory pathway and schizophrenic symptoms.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1999

Temporal stability of the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale for high- and low-scoring normal subjects.

It has been documented that many normal people report hallucinatory experiences. The Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale is widely used to investigate differences between subjects who score high or low in hallucinatory predisposition. In this study we addressed the question of whether scores remain stable over time. We selected 19 high-scoring subjects and 17 low-scoring subjects (upper and lower quartile) from a group of 243 undergraduate students who completed the scale. These two groups retook the scale after a period of 3 to 6 weeks. 81% received the same classification, which supports the view of hallucinatory predisposition as a stable trait; however, for 30% of the subjects the mean rating at the second time differed more than 3 SDs from the mean rating at the first time. In addition, the mean rating of 19% of subjects changed enough so they did not receive the same classification, indicating that state characteristics may also affect these scores.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A patient with chronic hepatitis C and a history of abuse of analeptic drugs, who showed hallucination and delusion with interferon administration.

We experienced a case of chronic hepatitis type C accompanied with hallucination and delusion induced by interferon (IFN) therapy positive. The case was a 47-year-old male, whose laboratory data showed positive for anti-Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and elevated transaminase level. He was treated with 6 MU/day of natural-type IFN-alpha (HLBI). Sleeplessness and delusions of persecution developed about 2 months after the start of IFN therapy. The interview of the psychiatrist disclosed that the patient had a history of addiction to drugs, and these psychiatric symptoms were diagnosed as being of "the flashback phenomenon." These side effects were improved after the administration of psychotropics and it was suggested that we had to take care of the development of flashback phenomenon during the treatment of IFN in cases of chronic hepatitis with a history of addiction to drugs.

Delusions↗
PubMed2004

Long-term effects of teaching behavioral strategies for managing persistent auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia.

1. Attendance at a 10-week class designed to teach behavioral management strategies to people with schizophrenia was effective in reducing some of the negative characteristics of auditory hallucinations for 12 months and in reducing anxiety for 9 months after completion of the class. 2. The sustained improvement experienced by class participants was characterized by their voices being less frequent and more mumbled and the participants feeling more in control, less distractible, and less anxious. 3. Participants recommended that other mental health consumers take similar classes to learn how to better manage their voices. 4. Monthly support groups may help participants maintain gains lost during the follow-up period.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Visual hallucinations. The Charles Bonnet syndrome and bereavement.

We describe three cases in which vivid visual hallucinations were experienced by elderly female patients who suffered from ocular disorders. The experiences followed the death of the patients' spouses. We discuss the possible association between the Charles Bonnet syndrome and bereavement.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Hallucinations in children caused by oxolamine citrate.

Twenty reports in Australia, Belgium and The Netherlands have implicated oxolamine-citrate cough-mixtures as a cause of hallucinations in children of less than 10 years of age. Fever is not thought to be a likely alternative explanation. Similar reactions in older children and adults have not been reported and it is possible that the recommended doses for young children are too high. Information about the use of the drug in Australia suggests that such reactions are uncommon, but the information should be interpreted cautiously.

Antitussive Agents↗
PubMed1989

Acute postoperative confusion and hallucinations in Parkinson disease.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether patients with Parkinson disease are at an increased risk for postoperative confusion. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of patients with Parkinson disease who remained in the hospital at least 48 hours after their surgery. Current data were compared with published historical controls. SETTING: Recent medical records of a university-affiliated hospital, Veterans Administration hospital, and community hospital. PATIENTS: Available charts of patients with Parkinson disease who had had surgery in the last 2 years. Patients were excluded if they were disoriented at admission or had serious metabolic disturbances. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Fifteen of twenty-five postoperative patients with Parkinson disease (60%; CI, 39% to 78%) suffered significant acute confusion, and 9 of these patients had documented hallucinations. Neuropsychiatric changes were frequently delayed after surgery. The acute confusional state lasted an average 2.5 days; several patients, however, were discharged before resolution. These disturbances did not appear to be related to type of anti-parkinsonian medication or anesthetic. CONCLUSION: In comparison with historical controls, the relative risk of patients with Parkinson disease having an acute postoperative confusional state is between 2.8 and 8.1. These patients may need environmental supports during the postoperative period.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Delirium and hallucinations in depression: cultural aspects].

Study of depression in North-Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa has shown that, since the seventies, the clinical expression of depression is markedly different from that of depression in the West. Several authors have noted the rareness of guilt themes and the frequency of persecution themes and somatic complaints in depressed Africans, even those living in the West. More recent studies have shown an evolution in depressive symptoms in North-Africa with an increase in guilt and a decrease in persecution and somatic complaints. This shift in symptoms brings the expression of depression closer to that observed in the West. Our study addresses delusional depression: in 73 cases of delusional depression, delusions of guilt were present in 31% of cases, persecution in 48% and hallucinations in 31.5%. A comparison of the sub-groups consulting in 1991 and a second sub-group consulting in 1998 shows a marked increase in guilt (23.5 versus 39%).

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Erotic hallucinations associated with the use of propofol].

A 42-year-old woman underwent outpatient surgery to remove vocal cord polyps. She had a history of depressive syndrome and had previously undergone surgery without complications. Before surgery she received 3.5 mg of midazolam orally. General anesthesia was provided with propofol: one initial bolus of 1 mg/kg followed by an infusion of 6 mg/kg/h. Surgery was uneventful. Upon arrival in the postanesthetic recovery ward, the patient, greatly agitated, accused the orderlies pushing the gurney of forcing her to touch his genitals. Twenty-four hours after surgery she did not remember the incident. Since 1987 various cases of postoperative sexual hallucination have been associated with the use of propofol. Usually the patients are women undergoing minor gynecological procedures and involve male health-care providers in the surgical area. The incidents are characteristically followed by amnesia. This clinical picture has also been described for midazolam and nitrous oxide, but the frequency is higher for propofol owing to its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties (rapidly recovered awareness and lowering of inhibition). Given the legal implications, the presence of someone of the same sex as the patient is recommended when the patient awakens.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Visual hallucinations in mentally healthy persons--the Charles Bonnet syndrome].

Charles Bonnet syndrome is described as complex visual hallucinations that are known to occur in individuals with impaired vision whose emotional and intellectual functions are within normal range. This paper presents a case of a 82 years old woman who experienced an individual hallucinatory episode during three days: seeing, alert and with her eyes open, different figures and images, static and moving in lovely colors that disappeared with closing her eyes and appeared as new with opening it. The diagnostic procedure comprised EEG and ophthalmologic examination. Vitamins and hemorrheologically active therapy were administrated and accompanied with explaining the nature of her problem.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

New-onset delusions and hallucinations in patients infected with HIV.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between HIV-associated psychotic symptoms (i.e., delusions, hallucinations) and demographic, psychopathological and medical variables by comparing patients with and without cerebral opportunistic infections or metabolic encephalopathy. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PATIENTS: 26 patients admitted to hospital with HIV and new-onset psychotic symptoms, defined according to DSM-III-R criteria. OUTCOME MEASURES: A semistructured psychiatric interview using the Psychopathology Assessment Scale (AMDP-4) of the Association for Methodology and Documentation in Psychiatry system. Comprehensive medical assessments, including laboratory tests and computed tomographic scans, were also performed. RESULTS: Patients with cerebral opportunistic infections or metabolic encephalopathy (i.e., "secondary" psychosis, n = 13) were more likely to show disorders of consciousness, disorders of orientation and disturbances of attention and memory than those with no evidence of HIV-related cerebral disease (i.e., "primary" psychosis, n = 13); 10 patients (77%) with cerebral opportunistic infections or metabolic encephalopathy and only 1 (8%) patient without (p < 0.001) were diagnosed with delirium. These associations were stronger for the "secondary" patients with no focal brain lesions than for those with lesions. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that "organic" symptoms of psychosis in those infected with HIV are related to the systemic and cerebral complications of HIV infection rather than to the psychotic process itself.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed2002

Cerebral activity associated with auditory verbal hallucinations: a functional magnetic resonance imaging case study.

Among the many theories that have been advanced to explain the mechanism by which auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) arise, 2 that have received a degree of empirical support are: the hypothesis that AVHs arise from misinterpreted inner speech and the proposal that they arise from aberrant activation of the primary auditory cortex. To test these hypotheses, we were fortunate to be able to study the interesting and rare case of a woman with schizophrenia who experienced continuous AVH which disappeared when she listened to loud external speech. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure the patient's brain activity in the temporal and inferior frontal regions during the AVHs and while the she was listening to external speech. The brain activity of a matched control subject was also recorded under the same experimental conditions. AVHs were associated with increased metabolic activity in the left primary auditory cortex and the right middle temporal gyrus. Our results suggest a possible interaction between these areas during AVHs and also that the hypotheses of defective internal monitoring and aberrant activation are not mutually exclusive. Potential limitations to the generalization of our results are discussed.

Adult↗