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PubMed1984

Isospora belli enteritis in three homosexual men.

Isospora belli is an uncommon cause of diarrhea in man. Like the closely related Cryptosporidium, the organism causes disease that may be more severe and chronic in patients with underlying immune deficiency states. We describe three male homosexuals with Isospora enteritis. Each had several months of diarrhea. All three patients had lymphopenia and two had profound T cell helper-suppressor ratio reversal. In addition, two of the patients admitted to oral-anal contact, a practice associated with the acquisition of parasites and other enteric pathogens in the homosexual population. We suggest that Isospora belli may be a sexually transmitted pathogen which should be considered in the diagnosis of homosexual patients with diarrhea.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1993

An outbreak of hepatitis A among homosexual men in Melbourne.

OBJECTIVE: To describe an outbreak of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection that occurred in Melbourne in 1991. DESIGN: (i) We reviewed Health Department Victoria surveillance data from 1989 to 1991 (primary surveillance) and identified all notified cases of HAV infection with an onset of illness between 1 January and 31 December 1991 (secondary surveillance data). (ii) We studied HAV seroprevalence in Melbourne among homosexual men attending gay venues. RESULTS: (i) In the two years 1989-1990 there were only 55 notifications of HAV infection to Health Department Victoria, with a male:female ratio of 1.2:1. Of the 495 notifications for 1991, 407 (82%) were male, of whom 210 (52%) were known to be homosexual. Many reported sexual and social contact at Melbourne's gay venues and with the Sydney gay community. (ii) Of men attending gay venues, 27% had serological evidence of past infection with HAV, compared with 45.8% in a 1981 Melbourne study. CONCLUSION: The outbreak of HAV infection in Victoria largely affected homosexual males in their sexually active years. Contact with the Sydney gay community was commonly reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Thrombocytopenia in homosexual patients. Prognosis, response to therapy, and prevalence of antibody to the retrovirus associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Thirty-three homosexual patients with thrombocytopenia (mean [+/- SE] platelet count, 50 000 +/- 7000/mm3; range, 7 to 135 000/mm3) have been followed for a mean period of 20 +/- 2 months. Six patients have developed the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 1 to 37 months after the diagnosis of thrombocytopenia. Six patients spontaneously reverted to normal platelet counts 5 to 27 months (median, 10 months) after the diagnosis of thrombocytopenia, in the absence of splenectomy and while not receiving corticosteroids. Sixteen of seventeen patients had a moderate to excellent response while on corticosteroid treatment. Ten of ten patients had an excellent response to splenectomy which has persisted. Fifteen patients did not require treatment for their thrombocytopenia. Thirteen of fourteen patients had antibody against the retrovirus associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, as did 4 of 12 homosexual controls without thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia in homosexuals is part of the complex related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Human T-lymphotropic virus type III in high-risk, antibody-negative homosexual men.

A cohort of 215 asymptomatic homosexually active men from a Boston community health center are being prospectively followed to assess the natural history of the human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) infection. To determine if certain asymptomatic persons who are HTLV-III antibody negative may be viremic, an algorithm was developed that defined high-risk characteristics (a sexual partner with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS]; more than 100 homosexual partners; or leukopenia, lymphopenia, neutropenia, or thrombocytopenia). Of 33 asymptomatic homosexual men who did not have antibody to HTLV-III and whose cases have not been previously reported, 2 had HTLV-III recovered from their lymphocytes. Clinical, behavioral, and hematologic data from seronegative persons did not distinguish between those with negative or positive viral cultures. Asymptomatic carriage of HTLV-III in high-risk seronegative persons underscores the need to base preventive educational strategies and behavioral modification on the assessment of risk factors and not solely on the results of HTLV-III antibody screening.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Increased incidence of Hodgkin disease in homosexual men with HIV infection.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma among homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). DESIGN: Cohort study with computer-matched identification of participants with the Northern California Cancer Center registry. Population rate comparisons were made with data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry. PARTICIPANTS: The 6704 homosexual men in the San Francisco City Clinic Cohort study. MEASUREMENTS: Incidence of Hodgkin disease, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, HIV infection, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); calculation of sex and age-adjusted standardized morbidity ratios and attributable risk. RESULTS: Eight cases of Hodgkin disease and 90 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma were identified through computer matching among cohort members residing in the San Francisco Bay area from 1978 through 1989. Among the HIV-infected men, the age-adjusted standardized morbidity ratio was 5.0 (95% CI, 2.0 to 10.3) for Hodgkin disease and 37.7 (CI, 30.3 to 46.7) for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The excess risk attributable to HIV infection was 19.3 cases of Hodgkin disease per 100,000 person-years and 224.9 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma per 100,000 person-years. CONCLUSION: An excess incidence of Hodgkin disease was found in HIV-infected homosexual men. Additional well-designed epidemiologic studies are needed to determine whether Hodgkin disease should be considered an HIV-related malignancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

National case-control study of Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men: Part 1. Epidemiologic results.

To identify risk factors for the occurrence of Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men, we conducted a case-control study in New York City, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Atlanta. Fifty patients (cases) (39 with Kaposi's sarcoma, 8 with pneumocystis pneumonia, and 3 with both) and 120 matched homosexual male controls (from sexually transmitted disease clinics and private medical practices) participated in the study. The variable most strongly associated with illness was a larger number of male sex partners per year (median, 61 for patients; 27 and 25 for clinic and private practice controls, respectively). Compared with controls, cases were also more likely to have been exposed to feces during sex, have had syphilis and non-B hepatitis, have been treated for enteric parasites, and have used various illicit substances. Certain aspects of a lifestyle shared by a subgroup of the male homosexual population are associated with an increased risk of Kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocystis pneumonia.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2000

HIV infection and sexual behaviour among homosexual and bisexual men in Bratislava.

OBJECTIVE: To determine sexual behaviour and HIV prevalence in a sample of homosexual and bisexual men in Bratislava. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Participants were recruited at gay discotheque in Bratislava in February and June 1996. Saliva samples were collected for testing the presence of anti-HIV antibodies and a questionnaire regarding sexual practice was completed. RESULTS: In the study 170 men (1st discotheque) and 124 men (2nd discotheque) were enrolled. The prevalence of antibodies against HIV was 5.4% and 1.6%, respectively. A group of 119 attenders (mean age: 25 years) was voluntarily questioned about their sexual lifestyle and related behaviour. Sexual orientation of participants was following: 66.4% homosexuals, 20.2% bisexuals, 13.4% others. Most responders were single and did not ever been married (86.55% vs. 12.6%, respectively). The figures of sexual intercourse were: steady partners: 45.38%, non-steady partners: 49.58%. More individuals were using condoms (70.58% vs. 15.97%, respectively), while only 28.57% were using them by each chance sexual intercourse. 6.7% responders suffered from an other STD and 3.36% were intravenous drug users. CONCLUSION: The HIV prevalence (5.4% and 1.6%) was relatively low. Considering the high prevalence of unsafe sexual practice further spread of HIV infection among homosexual men in Slovakia is to be expected.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Chromosomal defects in 34 male homosexuals, half of them with HIV antibodies.

Most of the research about viral interactions with human chromosomes was done during the sixties and early seventies and very few was performed after the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) appearance as an epidemic in the eighties. The objective of this work was to estimate if particular chromosomal changes follow the infection of homosexual males by HIV and to determine if the lifestyle, habits, sexual practices, of our sample of male homosexuals predisposes them to chromosomal abnormalities at a higher rate than the background level of cytogenetic damage the general population has. This was a double blinded case-control study, 17 individuals positive for HIV antibodies (HIV+) detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and confirmed by western blot (WB) were the cases, and 17 individuals negative for HIV antibodies (HIV-) the controls. These men were a very homogeneous population in terms of age, social status, lifestyles, drug abuse, sexual practices and education. Blood was collected between September 1988 and October 1989. Fresh whole blood was cultured in duplicate for 72 hr. Cell harvest followed conventional methods. Once all cell cultures were gathered, the tubes were picked up at random and air dried chromosome preparations were trypsin-giemsa banded (GTG) after overnight incubation at 60 C degrees. The percentage of gaps and breaks these men had was not different from the reported for the general population, nor were there significant difference among both groups (O.R. = 1.8) in items of amount of chromosomal fragility. The distinction among them was at the level of the specific chromosomal sites where the gaps and breaks located, being sites at 2p21 and at 3p21 four times more frequent among HIV+. These probably represent viral modification sites on chromosomes which are known to look like non-staining gaps which are caused by the virus or viral products. This presumption is supported by an earlier report of repeated breaks at 3p21.1, in fact this was the most common lesion site in this study of chromosomal aberrations of male homosexuals and the authors even considered the probability of "a new type of chromosome marker". Furthermore, years later the CKR5 structural gene was mapped to human chromosome 3p21. This gene codes for the chemokine receptor 5 (CKR5) protein which serves as a secondary receptor on CD4+ T lymphocytes for certain strains of HIV-1. It is possible that this gene was being transcribed in HIV+ men and the consequent "staggering" of DNA contributed to the production of gaps and breaks at 3p21.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Association of human immunodeficiency virus and anal human papillomavirus infection among homosexual men.

BACKGROUND: A previous study of men with proctitis, proctocolitis, or enteritis showed an association of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Because anorectal abnormalities may confound an observed association between anal HPV DNA and HIV seropositivity, the present study was undertaken among consecutive homosexual men seeking HIV serologic testing who were unselected for anorectal symptoms. METHODS: Consecutive homosexual men underwent a standardized interview, physical examination, and collection of specimens for HIV serologic testing and detection of anal HPV DNA. RESULTS: Anal HPV DNA was detected in eight (31%) of 26 HIV-seropositive men and in 10 (8%) of 119 HIV-seronegative men (odds ratio, 5.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 30.1, adjusted for history of sexually transmitted disease, current anorectal symptoms, and age). When men with anorectal symptoms were excluded from the analysis, anal HPV DNA was detected in 27% of seropositive men compared with 8% of seronegative men (odds ratio, 4.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 13.4). There was no difference between HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative men with respect to distribution of type of HPV DNA. Men with group II or III and group IV HIV disease were 4.1 and 10.9 times, respectively, more likely than HIV-seronegative men to have anal HPV DNA detected. CONCLUSIONS: Because HIV-seropositive men appear to be at increased risk for the detection of anal HPV DNA, the natural course of anal HPV infection should be compared among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative homosexual men.

Anus Diseases↗
PubMed1992

Natural history of anal cytologic abnormalities and papillomavirus infection among homosexual men with group IV HIV disease.

Previous studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of anal cytologic abnormalities as well as anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among homosexual men with group IV HIV disease. However, the natural history of these changes in this population has not yet been studied. To this end, 37 homosexual men with group IV HIV disease attending an outpatient HIV clinic were followed at approximately 9-month intervals for an average of 17 months, using anal cytology, anoscopy, anal biopsy, and anal HPV DNA hybridization. During the study, the proportion of the 37 subjects with anal cytologic abnormalities increased from 27 to 65%. The proportion of subjects with any grade of anal intraepithelial neoplasia rose from 8 to 32%, with high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia increasing from 0 to 16%. The proportion of subjects with anal HPV infection increased from 60 to 89%, and infection with multiple HPV types was noted in at least 48%. We conclude that a large proportion of homosexual men with group IV HIV disease develop anal cytologic abnormalities, including anal intraepithelial neoplasia, over a short period of time. Together with a rapidly increasing incidence of anal cancer among single, never-married men in the San Francisco Bay area, these results suggest that these men may be at significant risk of development of anal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Total and specific IgE in sera of HIV positive and HIV negative homosexual male (regulation of IgE synthesis in HIV infection).

In the course of HIV infection "atopic" symptoms can often be experienced (atopic dermatitis, asthmatic like symptoms in upper respiratory tract, sensitivity to drugs). Total IgE increase has been detected which is in inverse correlation with CD4 positive lymphocytes. Using semi quantitative and quantitative methods total and specific IgE levels of 30 HIV positive and 30 HIV negative homosexual men without atopic anamnestic data and symptoms have been determined. The age matched control groups were of 30 atopic men with active symptoms and 30 healthy, HIV negative heterosexual men. Determination of CD4, CD8 positive number of lymphocytes as well as B-2 microglobulin have been carried out. Total IgE level of HIV positive and HIV negative homosexuals was higher than that of the healthy controls and lower than that of the "atopic" controls. Specific IgE-s have been found more often in HIV positive and HIV negative homosexuals than in the normal controls. The correlation among CD4 and CD8 positive lymphocytes, and B-2 microglobulin level and total IgE level was not significant.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2003

[A study on the estimation of the size of male homosexual population].

OBJECTIVE: To study the practical survey method on estimating the size of male homosexual population. METHODS: Nine male homosexual gathering spots were selected and three methods as division method, capture-mark-recapture method and multiplier method were applied in counting the numbers of homosexual men in one city in Sichuan province. RESULTS: Number of counting through division method was 877 and the three numbers through capture-mark-recapture method were 1408, 1207 and 949 respectively. However, appropriate data was not obtained by multiplier method. CONCLUSIONS: Division method was easy to operate with its high credibility, but costly. Capture-mark-recapture method was less costly less both in capital and time, and the results could be testified to each other. Multiplier method should be modified before applied to obtain reliable information.

China↗
PubMed2004

[Dramatic increase in lymphogranuloma venereum among homosexual men in Hamburg].

Classical sexually transmitted diseases, including syphilis and gonorrhea, have recently increased significantly among homosexual men in Hamburg. During the last year we also observed an increase in patients with lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) at the ifi-institute in Hamburg. In 2003, we identified 4 homosexual patients with LGV in different clinical stages. None of the patients has traveled outside Germany. Three of these patients were HIV-infected. In all cases Chlamydia trachomatis was identified by SDA (strand displacement amplification) in genital swabs or lymph node aspirates. In three cases sequencing of ompA PCR products was performed and in each instance revealed the C. trachomatis serovar L2. Other important genital pathogens were excluded by specific PCR tests, bacteriological and serological tests. LGV should be included in the differential diagnosis of anogenital and oral erosions, especially in homosexual patients and HIV-infected patients. Novel nucleic acid amplification tests can be used for the rapid and reliable diagnosis of LGV by identifying Chlamydia trachomatis.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Between law and psychiatry: homosexuality in the project of the Swiss penal code (1918)].

In 1942 the Swiss penal code depenalises homosexual acts between agreeing adults under some conditions. The genesis of the penal article shows that it was constructed before the First World War and bears marks of the forensic theories of the turn of the century. Both by direct contacts and the authority of its eminent figures, Swiss psychiatry exerts an unquestionable influence on the depenalisation. The conceptualisation of homosexuality is also strongly influenced by the German psychiatric theories and discussed in reference to Germanic law. By the penal article, the Swiss lawyers and psychiatrists link the homosexual question with the determination of the irresponsibility of criminal mental patients and degeneracy.

Forensic Psychiatry↗
PubMed2006

[Homosexuality and adolescence. A primary health care center holistic view].

In spite of the fact that homosexuality has existed since time immemorial, homosexuality continues to be a taboo topic for many people. When time comes for a youth to reveal his/her sexual identify to his/her family many young homosexuals experience duress during this process which may have physical and psychological consequences for those youths. Therefore, it is important that all primary health care team members be capable to identify this process in order to apply the most appropriate measures.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Hepatitis A among homosexual men--United States, Canada, and Australia.

Although male homosexual activity has been reported as a risk factor for hepatitis A, the frequency with which homosexual activity was reported by persons with hepatitis A was less than 10% during 1982-1989 (CDC unpublished data, 1990). However, in June of 1991, CDC received reports from several cities in the United States, Canada, and Australia of an increase in hepatitis A among homosexual men during the first 6 months of 1991. This report summarizes data from each of these cities.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Seroepidemiologic and behavioral characteristics of a group of HIV-Ab positive homosexuals].

The present study was designed to demonstrate the role of homosexuality in transmission of HIV infection. The results, in cases showed by authors, suggest that the homosexuality is not significative for transmission in HIV infection. Whereas it is significative (56.52%) in transmission of syphilis. The study has demonstrated that homosexuals are not disposed very much to the use of sexual prevention.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗