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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Improved mathematical model of the wear of the cup articular surface in hip joint prostheses and comparison with retrieved components.

This paper presents an analytical model of the cobalt-based alloy-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear coupling. Based on a previous model in which the cup wear volume over a gait cycle (WG) was calculated under the simplifying assumption of an ideal rigid coupling, the current version proposes a more realistic wear simulation. All three components of the hip loading force were considered for the contact pressure calculation and all three components of the hip motion were taken into account for the sliding distance calculation. The contact pressure distribution was calculated on the basis of the Hertzian theory for the elastic contact of two bodies with non-conforming geometrical shapes. The wear factor was taken from hip simulator wear tests. The calculated WG is 67 x 10(-6) mm3 for a standard reference patient. The parametric model simulations show that WG increases linearly with the patient weight, femoral head diameter and surface roughness. It increases non-linearly to a maximum and decreases to an asymptotic value with increasing cup/head clearance and with cup isotropic elastic modulus. The cup orientation in the pelvis affects only slightly the total amount of WG whereas it is the dominant factor affecting the shape of the wear distribution. The iso-wear maps show paracentral patterns at low cup inclination angles and marginal patterns at higher inclination angles. The maximum wear depth is supero-posterior when the cup is in neutral alignment and supero-anterior at increasing anteversion angles. Complex patterns with a combination of paracentral and marginal wear were obtained at specific clearance values and cup orientations. The results of the simulations are discussed in relation to the wear distribution measured on the articular surface of 12 UHMWPE components retrieved from failed hip joint prostheses, after a period of in situ functioning.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1977

[Dysplasia and pseudodysplasia of the infantile hip joint (author's transl)].

The natural course of "dysplasia" of the hip diagnosed between the age of two and ten months was followed in 47 children. If the dysplasia diagnosed by radiographs was not combined with a clinical instability of the hip dislocation never occurred although no therapy- except abduction exercise - was given. The radiological signs of dysplasia regularly disappear after the child has learned to walk. Three different kinds of dysplasia are described. Dysplasia may be a residual sign of neonatal instability which became stable with or without treatment. Pseudodysplasia is the effect of faulty X-ray technique or X-ray interpretation. In dysplasia with no known instability in the history it may be the residual sign of a neonatal instability which was not diagnosed or it may be a variation of development of the hip joint during the first year of life. Since dysplasia without clinical instability does not progress and will never end with a dislocation there is no indication for therapeutic measures in a stable hip with radiological signs of dysplasia during the first year of life. The treatment of unstable hips diagnosed between the third and the twelfth month of life may be dangerous due to epiphyseal damage by immobilisation.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

Clinical effectiveness of antibiotic-impregnated cement spacers for the treatment of infected implants of the hip joint.

It is difficult to treat an infected implant of the hip joints, as it requires long-term treatment and eventually may lead to amputation or arthrodesis, involving immeasurable physical and psychological suffering for the patient. We utilized antibiotic-impregnated cement spacers for 17 infections after total hip arthroplasty and bipolar arthroplasty with good clinical results. We thoroughly removed any foreign material and formed an antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer into a shape similar to that of the implants. This enabled high-concentration antibiotics to act on the infected sites. It also can prevent leg-length discrepancy and atrophy of bones or muscles. Although cement spacers have been reported to have problems regarding shape and strength, we achieved good results with cement spacer molds in the present study. All revision surgeries were performed using a two-stage procedure. No infection has recurred at a mean follow-up of 3 years 2 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Early and late results after Colonna arthroplasties of the hip-joint (author's transl)].

In 10 years the authors have carried out 107 Colonna arthroplasties of the hip-joint. Results could be followed up in 98 patients, of whom 56 were - at the time of operation-less than 5-year-old, 42 holder. Among the early operations results were good and satisfactory in 60 per cent, in the late operations 50 per cent. They found that the quality of the result depended largely on the age of the patient, pre-operative traction and additional osteotomy. They recommend this operation for patients with neglected CDH or for those in whom closed reduction did not succeed and operations after Pemberton or Salter cannot be carried out any more.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Canine intersegmental hip joint forces and moments before and after cemented total hip replacement.

Intersegmental forces and moments (i.e. resultant free body forces and moments computed at the joint centers) were studied in canine hindlimbs before and after cemented total hip replacement (THR). Five large, adult, mixed-breed dogs were selected. Their gait was recorded (while leash-walked) before surgery using high-speed cinematography and a force plate. Cemented total hip replacement was unilaterally performed on each dog. Gait was again recorded at one and four months after surgery. Segmental properties (mass, center of mass, and mass moment of inertia) of the hindlimbs were experimentally determined, and an inverse dynamics approach was used to compute intersegmental forces and moments in the sagittal plane. Significant reductions in intersegmental joint forces and moments were observed in the operated hindlimb one month after surgery, although kinematic gait parameters were unaltered. Decreases of 77.0% for vertical forces, 61.9% for craniocaudal forces, and 66.2% for extension moments were determined. Four months after surgery, the joint forces and moments had returned to their preoperative values. This experiment demonstrates that the dynamics of normal walking can be restored in a canine model by four months after THR. It also shows that kinetic (rather than kinematic) parameters are more descriptive of antalgic gait in the canine.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Normal values of the hip joint for the evaluation of X-rays in children and adults.

X-ray measurements of the hip joints of children, with special reference to the acetabular index, suggest that the upper standard deviation of normal comprises the borderline to a critical zone where extreme values of normal and pathologic hips were found together. Above the double standard deviation only severe dysplasias were present. Investigations of the shaft-neck angle and the degree of anteversion including the wide standard deviation demonstrate that it is very difficult to determine where these angles become pathologic. It is more important to look for the relationship between femoral head and acetabulum. A new measurement--the Hip Value is based on measurements of the Idelberg- Frank angle, the Wiberg angle and MZ-distance of decentralization. By statistical methods, normal and pathological joints can be separated as follows: in adult Hip Values, between 6 and 15 indicate a normal joint form; values between 16 and 21 indicate a slight deformation and values of 22 and above are indications of a severe deformation, in children in the normal range the Hip Value reaches 14; values of 15 and up are pathological.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1997

The influence of the reciprocal hip joint link in the Advanced Reciprocating Gait Orthosis on standing performance in paraplegia.

The effect of reciprocally linking the hip hinges of a hip-knee-ankle-foot orthosis on standing performance was studied in a comparative trial of the Advanced Reciprocating Gait Orthosis (ARGO) and an ARGO in which the Bowden cable was removed (A_GO). Six male subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI) at T4 to T12 level participated in the study, which was conducted using a single case experimental design. Standing balance, the ability to handle balance disturbances (standing stability), and the performance of a functional hand task during standing were assessed in both orthosis configurations in the order A_GO-ARGO-A_GO-ARGO. No significant differences with respect to standing performance were found for the two orthosis configurations. However, the results indicate that the crutch force needed for maintaining balance during various tasks, especially for quiet standing with two crutches, may be much higher in the orthosis without Bowden cable. Therefore, it is very likely that the reciprocal hip joint link in the ARGO provides a substantial and clinically relevant reduction of upper body effort required for standing under functional conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Hip joint disease in psoriatic arthritis: risk factors and natural history.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the natural history of hip joint disease in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and identify clinical risk factors for its early identification. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 504 patients with PsA according to ESSG criteria were studied. Mean follow up was 5.7 years (range <1-45). Mean age at onset of psoriasis was 32 years and of PsA, 39 years. The most common pattern of PsA at onset was oligoarticular (49%) and at the latest examination, polyarticular (65%). Sacroiliitis or spondylitis was diagnosed in 94 (18.7%) patients. RESULTS: 32 (6.3%) patients developed psoriatic hip arthropathy, and of these, 26 (81%) also had sacroiliitis or spondylitis. In 7/17 (41%) patients the hip became affected within 1 year after the onset of PsA. Hip disease occurred more often in younger patients. Sex, pattern of peripheral arthritis, duration of psoriasis before arthritis affected the distal interphalangeal joints, dactylitis, or enthesitis were not associated with the risk of hip disease. Seventeen patients were followed up and nine required hip arthroplasty. Sixteen (50%) first had arthroplasty within 5 years after the onset of hip pain. CONCLUSIONS: Psoriatic hip arthropathy occurs infrequently in PsA and is associated with earlier onset of arthritis and psoriatic spondylitis. Bilateral hip involvement and rapid progression to hip arthroplasty are common.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Pneumococcal infection of a prosthetic hip joint.

A case of late haematogenous pneumococcal infection of a prosthetic hip joint is presented. In view of the relatively benign nature of pneumococcal arthritis, the patient was treated with parenteral antibiotics and surgical drainage without removal of the prosthesis. This was followed by complete resolution.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Biomechanical study of load transfer of the pubic ramus due to pelvic inclination after hip joint surgery using a three-dimensional finite element model.

We studied load-stress distribution in the pelvis using a three-dimensional finite element model. The results showed that the load-stress on the pubic superior ramus was high in the normal pelvic position without sagittal or coronal inclination following that of the acetabulum in the pelvis. The load-stress on this area was not affected by sagittal pelvic inclination, but it was affected significantly by coronal pelvic inclination. The superior pubic load-stress on the side of the longer leg was higher than that on the opposite side. The tensile stress on the pubic ramus on the side of the longer leg significantly increased compared with compressive stress. We had a patient who had an insufficiency fracture of the pubic ramus on the side of an overcorrected leg after hip joint surgery, so we examined the cause of it. Although insufficiency fractures of the pubic superior ramus are caused by various static and kinetic factors, the alternation of coronal pelvic inclination is an especially important factor in such fractures after hip joint surgery.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip↗
PubMed1983

The normal width of the adult hip joint: the relationship to age, sex, and obesity.

The articular cartilage thickness of the weight-bearing segment of the hip joint, in standard pelvic radiography, of 240 male and female subjects between the ages of 45-84 years was measured in a random sample of a Jerusalem population. The average value was approximately 4.0 mm and no sex or age difference was found. There was no correlation either between joint width and body build as estimated by the weight to height ratio. It is thus concluded that a narrow joint space should not be expected either in elderly or obese subjects other than as a concomitant finding of arthritic change.

Age Factors↗