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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Lowest ever CD4 lymphocyte count (CD4 nadir) as a predictor of current cognitive and neurological status in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection--The Hawaii Aging with HIV Cohort.

Low CD4 lymphocyte count was a marker for neurological disease in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1); but is now less common among patients with access to highly active antiretroviral therapy. In this study, the authors determine the reliability of self-reported CD4 nadir and its predictive value for neurological status. The authors identify a high degree of reliability (r = .90). After adjusting for age, current CD4 count, and duration of HIV-1, CD4 nadir relates to a current diagnosis of HIV-associated dimentia (HAD) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.395 (1.106-1.761), P = .005) and distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN) (OR: 1.479 (1.221-1.769, P < .001).

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1998

Adiposity and blood pressure in a multiethnic population of women in Hawaii.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the amount and distribution of fat among White, Japanese, Filipino and Hawaiian women and to investigate associations between measures of adiposity and serum cholesterol and blood pressure. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of adiposity, serum cholesterol and blood pressure of 421 volunteer women of White (N = 137), Japanese (N = 144), Filipino (N = 74) and Hawaiian (N = 66) ethnicities, age 25-35 years. Anthropometric measures (weight; height; subscapular, bicep, tricep, suprailiac and calf skinfold thickness; waist, hip and mid-upper arm circumferences), grip strength, serum cholesterol and blood pressure. RESULTS: Hawaiian women had the highest levels of adiposity by all measures. Asian women (especially Filipinos) had higher subscapular skinfold thicknesses than did Whites and, for the same value of body mass index (BMI), had a greater percentage of body fat. BMI was the strongest correlate of systolic blood pressure, while subscapular skinfold thickness was the strongest correlate of diastolic blood pressure. Blood pressure varied by adiposity but not ethnicity. No measures of body fat were associated with serum cholesterol. CONCLUSION: Higher body fat measures, especially BMI, were associated with higher systolic blood pressure. However, higher subscapular skinfold (upper body) thickness was also associated with higher diastolic blood pressure. Subscapular fatness appears to be especially important among women of Asian ethnicity, Filipino women in particular.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Risk of selected birth defects with prenatal illicit drug use, Hawaii, 1986-2002.

The literature on the association between prenatal illicit drug use and birth defects is inconsistent. The objective of this study was to determine the risk of a variety of birth defects with prenatal illicit drug use. Data were derived from an active, population-based adverse pregnancy outcome registry. Cases were all infants and fetuses with any of 54 selected birth defects delivered during 1986-2002. The prenatal methamphetamine, cocaine, or marijuana use rates were calculated for each birth defect and compared to the prenatal use rates among all deliveries. Among all deliveries, the prenatal use rate was 0.52% for methamphetamine, 0.18% for cocaine, and 0.26% for marijuana. Methamphetamine rates were significantly higher than expected for 14 (26%) of the birth defects. Cocaine rates were significantly higher than expected for 13 (24%) of the birth defects. Marijuana rates were significantly higher than expected for 21 (39%) of the birth defects. Increased risk for the three drugs occurred predominantly among birth defects associated with the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, oral clefts, and limbs. There was also increased risk of marijuana use among a variety of birth defects associated with the gastrointestinal system. Prenatal uses of methamphetamine, cocaine, and marijuana are all associated with increased risk of a variety of birth defects. The affected birth defects are primarily associated with particular organ systems.

Adult↗