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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Characterization of the maize Globulin-2 gene and analysis of two null alleles.

The most abundant proteins present in maize (Zea mays L.) embryos are saline-soluble globulins. A Mr 45,000 globulin component, designated GLB2, is encoded by the Glb2 gene. A cDNA clone corresponding to Glb2 was used as radiolabeled probe to examine the expression of Glb2 in developing embryos and other maize tissues. Glb2 transcripts accumulate during embryo development and are not detectable in germinating kernels. Glb2 transcripts are found only in the developing embryo, and not in endosperm, seedling, or unfertilized ears. Analysis of globulin profiles in embryos homozygous for either a previously described null allele, Glb-2-0, or a novel null allele, Glb2-N1, revealed that these embryos lack not only the GLB2 protein but also globulins of lower molecular mass which may represent processed forms of GLB2. Southern blot analysis of DNA from Glb2-0/0 and Glb2-N1/N1 plants in which a Glb2-specific clone is used as probe indicates that the two null alleles are genetically distinct.

Alleles↗
PubMed1988

Denaturation by heat, sodium dodecyl sulphate and dithiothreitol of globulins and phaseolin from dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

The electrophoretic pattern of the untreated common bean globulin cv. Flor de Mayo had 7 protein fractions ranging from 620 to 120 kilodaltons (kd). The last molecular weight corresponds to the monomeric form. One of the objectives of the present work was to establish a comparison among denaturation by heat, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and dithiothreitol (DTT). At pH 6.0, two bands were resistant to heat treatment, after SDS treatment of the untreated globulin several bands disappeared and two new bands with 26 and 15 kd appeared. DTT did not change the electrophoretic pattern, due to the small quantity of free SH groups in the globulin. At pH 6.0, phaseolin is partly resistant to heat denaturation due to aggregation in an acidic environment. Isoelectrofocusing (IEF) and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) separated phaseolin into 10 protein fractions. The hypothesis is that phaseolin or globulin aggregation is due to the charge difference of fractions.

Dithiothreitol↗
PubMed1985

Novel application of quantitative immunoassays for screening seed globulins of cowpea varieties.

Using antibodies raised in rabbits, radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are standardized for cowpea (var. Pusa Barsati) seed globulins. The RIA, when used to screen three stages of seed development, reveals that maximum globulins are detected at 28 days after flowering. When three different varieties of cowpea are assayed for their globulin content by RIA and ELISA, it is observed that the Bold Grain cowpea has the highest amount of related globulin as compared to two other varieties, namely Pusa Phalgun and Asparagus Bean.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMed1975

Quantitative serum levels of pregnancy associated alpha2-globulin in patients with benign and malignant tumours.

Pregnancy associated alpha2-globulin estimations were made in the serum of 100 tumour-cases. This characteristically pregnancy protein could be found in 63 p.c. of the tumour cases. The number of positive sera was higher, than in normal controls. The serum level of pregnancy associated alpha 2-globulin was between 1 and 10 mg p.c. in 34 cases, between 11 and 20 mg p.c. in 19 cases and value above 20 mg p.c. could only be found in 10 patients. This alpha2-globulin positivity could be seen more frequently in female than in male patients. Role and significance of alpha2-globulin is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Stored cysteine proteinases start globulin mobilization in protein bodies of embryonic axes and cotyledons during vetch (Vicia sativa L.) seed germination.

Inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide during vetch seed germination, did not prevent globulin breakdown as indicated by a decrease in vicilin- and legumin-specific immunosignals on Western blots. Protein bodies isolated from embryo axes and cotyledons of dry vetch (Vicia sativa L.) seeds using a non-aqueous method were found to be free of cytoplasmic and organellar contaminations. Lysates of these purified protein bodies were capable of degrading globulins; this process was blocked by the cysteine proteinase (CPR) inhibitor iodoacetic acid. Protein bodies contained the papain-like CPR2 and CPR4, and the legumain-like CPR VsPB2. In vitro assays showed that albumin extracts from protein bodies degraded oligopeptide substrates in the PepTag-Assay and degraded the legumain substrate N-benzoyl-asparaginyl-p-nitroanilide. We conclude that, during germination, globulin mobilization is initiated by stored CPRs in protein bodies of embryonic axes as well as cotyledons, and that de-novo-formed proteolytic enzymes mainly mediate bulk degradation of stored globulin in cotyledons after germination.

Benzoylarginine Nitroanilide↗
PubMed1998

Characterization of a 7S globulin-deficient mutant of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill).

We attempted to characterize a soybean mutant lacking the 7S globulin (beta-conglycinin) subunits, alpha, alpha' and beta. The results of Southern and northern blot analyses indicated that the deficiency is not caused by a lack of, or structural defects in, the 7S globulin subunit genes, but rather arises at the mRNA level. Despite the independent inheritance of the two loci containing the alpha-and alpha'-subunit genes and the organization of the multi-gene families encoding these subunits and the beta-subunit, a single recessive gene controls the null trait of the mutant. This, taken together with the above results, leads to the assumption that the mutant gene encodes a common factor that regulates the 7S globulin subunit genes. Transient expression of glucuronidase from the promoters of the alpha'- and beta-subunit genes was detected in the mutant cotyledons. The results of gel mobility shift assays using the 5'-flanking regions of the alpha'- and beta-subunit genes failed to detect a deficiency of nuclear factors interacting with these regions. We propose that a seed-specific mechanism of expression of 7S globulin genes might be involved in chromatin organization, and that such an organization might not work normally in the mutant. The possibility that transcript stability is lowered in the mutant is not excluded.

Antigens, Plant↗
PubMed2002

Renal failure after anti-D globulin treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a disorder of rapid destruction of antibody-coated platelets. Anti-D immune globulin has been used for treatment of ITP in the United States since 1995. Initial studies identified no significant side effects of treatment. However, a recent report highlighted occasional episodes of intravascular hemolysis after anti-D immune globulin. We describe two children with ITP who developed acute renal failure (ARF) after treatment with anti-D immune globulin and also analyze ten additional cases of ARF reported to the manufacturer, Cangene Corporation, through postmarketing surveillance. All episodes of ARF were associated with intravascular hemolysis. Four patients required dialysis. Patient age ranged from 1 to 82 years, but those requiring dialysis were all under age 15 years. Several patients with ARF had preexisting creatinine elevation. Three of the patients with ARF had serologic evidence of acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Renal biopsy in one patient showed acute tubular necrosis, with findings consistent with pigment nephropathy. Anti-D immune globulin, used to treat ITP, may be associated with intravascular hemolysis and resultant ARF. Renal function should be monitored in patients with evidence of intravascular hemolysis. Children and adolescents may have increased risk of ARF requiring dialysis.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed2005

Functionality of succinylated Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa HBK) kernel globulin.

One of the possible ways to improve the utilisation of defatted Brazil nut kernel flour, a by-product of oil extraction industries, is to improve its functional properties by chemical modification as it possesses very modest functional characteristics. Succinylated Brazil nut kernel globulin at 55.8%, 62.4% and 72.0% level showed a positive effect on functionality. The solubility of acylated globulin was improved above pH 4.0 but was reduced in the pH range of 3.0-4.0. Water absorption (1.96-4.00, 4.12, and 4.21 ml/g protein), oil absorption capacity (1.44-2.72, 2.80 and 2.94 ml/g protein) and apparent viscosity of the succinylated globulin increased with increase in the level of succinylation. The extent of modification also influenced emulsifying capacity, which showed a decrease at pH 3.0, but was increased at pH 5.0,7.0 and 9.0. Highest emulsion activity (approximately 63.0%) was observed at pH 3.0, followed by pH 9.0 and pH 7.0 and, least (about 11.8%) at pH 5.0. Emulsion stability also followed similar behaviour as that of emulsion activity. The improved functional properties of succinylated Brazil nut kernel globulin could be explored in a variety of food formulations such as high protein drinks, soups, bakery and meat products as well as in salad dressings and mayonnaise as an emulsifier.

Absorption↗
PubMed1984

Thirty years of supplying the missing link. History of gamma globulin therapy for immunodeficient states.

Man has been injecting himself with gamma globulin for almost 100 years. As a result, both the benefits and the hazards of such therapy have been convincingly demonstrated. For 30 years physicians have realized that one group of patients must receive regular injections of this material to avoid death from overwhelming bacterial infections. The health of subjects with congenital or acquired hypogammaglobulinemia is directly related to the successful administration of adequate amounts of immunoglobulin G (IgG). Three phases are easily recognizable when examining the history of how physicians have accomplished such replacement therapy. Initially, therapy was limited to frequent and painful intramuscular injections of concentrated immune serum globulin. In some patients, the administration of monthly infusions of fresh plasma from "buddies" supplied a better approach. Now, the elusive goal of having a concentrated form of gamma globulin suitable for intravenous administration has been reached. Such preparations are revolutionizing the treatment of human immune deficiencies and expanding the therapeutic potential of gamma globulin itself.

Agammaglobulinemia↗
PubMed1990

Postinjection kinetics of antepartum Rh immune globulin.

The disappearance kinetics of a standard dose of 300 micrograms of Rh immune globulin given at 28 weeks' gestation was investigated. Ten Rh-negative unsensitized women were given 300 micrograms of Rh immune globulin at 28 weeks and blood samples were drawn at weekly intervals until delivery. Sera were titrated with Ror red blood cells in a saline solution-antiglobulin method. Titers ranged from 1 to 4 by the first week after injection. In nine of 10 patients the titers were zero at 49 to 70 days after injection. With R2R2 red blood cells and LISS, papain, polybrene, or a combination of methods, Rh immune globulin could still be detected until delivery in four of the nine patients. Because these serologic methods can detect 5 ng/ml anti-D, five of 10 subjects may not have been protected for 8 to 29 days before delivery. This study indicates that a titer of less than or equal to 4 is expected for passively acquired anti-D during pregnancy, and that antepartum administration of Rh immune globulin may not always produce detectable passive antibody for as long as theoretically predicted.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin binds to human prostatic cell membranes.

Specific binding sites for human testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin have been found on human prostatic cell membranes. Scatchard analysis reveals both a high and a low affinity binding site for [125I]testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin. The high affinity site is specific for testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin, whereas the low affinity site also binds human corticosteroid-binding globulin and human transferrin.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1977

The role of gamma-globulin in composition of macroamylase.

A macroamylase complex has been artificially generated by combining purified pancreatic and salivary alpha-amylase solutions with physiological amounts of human gamma-globulin. This complex was only partially dissociable at pH 3.5. Salivary alpha-amylase was shown to have higher binding affinity to gamma-globulin than the pancreatic alpha-amylase. Small amounts of macroamylase complex were also formed after the addition of purified salivary or pancreatic alpha-amylase to normal serum. This effect was more distinct when salivary alpha-amylase was added. Electrophoretic examination of serum proteins from subjects with macroamylasemia showed a significant increase of gamma-globulin fraction. Seromucoid of these subjects was also above normal range. Electrophoresis of serum glycoproteins yielded raised values of the fraction moving with gamma-globulin.

Amylases↗
PubMed1979

Vitamin D binding globulin phenotypes in liver disease.

The binding properties towards vitamin D metabolites of plasma from individuals with the three common Gc-globulin phenotypes, Gc-1, Gc-2 and Gc-2-1, have been found to be identical. In patients with liver disease there is a good correlation between the levels of Gc-globulin andalbumin in plasma. In addition the Gc-globulin levels correlate well with the ability of plasma to bind 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. Patients with the Gc-2-1 phenotype showed a significantly smaller depression in plasma Gc-globulin than those with the Gc-2 and Gc-1 phenotypes. The relation of these findings to the pathogenesis of disorders of calcium metabolism in liver disease is discussed.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1993

Near-infrared spectroscopic determination of serum total proteins, albumin, globulins, and urea.

We have determined total protein, albumin, globulins, and urea in unmodified human serum using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The distinctive NIR spectrum of the individual protein fractions allowed unique spectroscopic models to be derived for each fraction using multiple linear least-squares regression (MLR). A more sophisticated partial least-squares (PLS) regression analysis was necessary to fully extract the relevant spectral information for urea. The serum protein data sets consisted of 235 calibration samples and 85 prediction samples. The total protein calibration yielded a multiple correlation coefficient (R) of 0.986 and a standard error of calibration (SEC) of 1.7 g/L. For the validation data set, a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.985 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 1.7 g/L were obtained. For albumin, the values were R = 0.982 and SEC = 1.2 g/L for calibration and r = 0.984 and SEP = 1.1 g/L for prediction. Calibration results for globulins were R = 0.916 and SEC = 2.1 g/L; validation results were r = 0.885 and SEP = 2.2 g/L. The sum of the separately estimated albumin and globulin fractions agreed well with the total protein estimate. For urea, the calibration model (n = 422) provided an R = 0.994 and SEC = 0.7 mmol/L and the validation results (n = 208) were r = 0.993 and SEP = 0.8 mmol/L. The within-day and between-day precision values (CVs) were respectively, 1.2 and 1.3% for total protein, 1.7 and 1.1% for albumin, 1.5 and 1.3% for globulins, and 8.3 and 5.5% for urea.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1983

Heterogeneity of alpha 2u-globulin gene products in different translational systems, plasma and urine.

alpha 2u-Globulin, an androgen dependent rat urinary protein, displays considerable microheterogeneity. To explore whether this microheterogeneity of alpha 2u-globulin in male rat urine is related to the heterogeneity at the level of the genes encoding this protein, or whether it is due to post-translational processing we studied the alpha 2u-globulin mRNA translation products in rabbit reticulocyte and Xenopus oocytes. Comparison of the alpha 2u-globulin species produced in these two heterologous systems with those observed in plasma and urine indicates that the heterogeneity of this protein in urine is mainly due to heterogeneity at the level of the corresponding mRNAs.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1989

Associations of abdominal adiposity, fasting insulin, sex hormone binding globulin, and estrone with lipids and lipoproteins in post-menopausal women.

The associations of abdominal adiposity, fasting serum levels of insulin, and sex hormones with blood lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins A-I and B were studied cross-sectionally in 75 healthy, postmenopausal white women. In univariate analyses, abdominal adiposity (increased waist-to-hip girth ratio) and fasting insulin concentrations were negatively and significantly associated (P less than 0.05) with plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.47 and -0.38, respectively) and apolipoprotein A-I (r = -0.37 and -0.36), and positively associated with log triglycerides (r = 0.54 and 0.33) and apolipoprotein B (r = 0.43 and 0.22). Sex hormone binding globulin was positively and significantly associated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.32) and negatively associated with log triglyceride (r = -0.45) and apolipoprotein B (r = -0.36). Estrone was positively and significantly associated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.27), apolipoprotein A-I (r = 0.23) and negatively associated with low density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.24) and apolipoprotein B (r = -0.25). Total estradiol, free estradiol, free testosterone, and total testosterone were more weakly associated with the lipid measures. In multivariate analyses, abdominal adiposity remained significantly associated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol, log triglycerides, apolipoproteins A-I and B after adjustment for sex hormone binding globulin, estrone, and insulin concentrations. Insulin remained associated only with apolipoprotein A-I after adjustment for abdominal adiposity, estrone, and sex hormone binding globulin. Sex hormone binding globulin remained marginally associated with log triglyceride (P = 0.07) after adjustment for the remaining three factors. Estrone remained significantly associated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abdomen↗
PubMed1985

Transcortin and alpha 2u-globulin messenger RNA activities during turpentine-induced inflammation in the rat.

Previously we have shown that the serum concentration of transcortin and alpha 2u-globulin markedly decreases during turpentine-induced inflammation. In the present study transcortin and alpha 2u-globulin mRNA from healthy rats and from animals with inflammation was translated in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. Female rats had higher levels of translatable transcortin mRNA than male animals and the level of mRNA for transcortin and alpha 2u-globulin decreased rapidly during inflammation. These results indicate that the sex difference in the serum level of transcortin and the changes in serum transcortin and alpha 2u-globulin during inflammation are mainly determined by differences in the mRNAs in the liver.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1990

Relative binding affinity of norgestimate and other progestins for human sex hormone-binding globulin.

The relative binding affinity of norgestimate for human sex hormone-binding globulin was compared with that of its metabolites and other progestins by measuring their abilities to displace [3H]testosterone from this carrier protein in vitro. Norgestimate and its 17-deacetylated and 3-keto metabolites did not significantly displace [3H]testosterone from sex hormone-binding globulin at concentrations up to 10,000 nM, whereas gestodene, levonorgestrel, and 3-keto desogestrel displaced [3H]testosterone from sex hormone-binding globulin with IC50 concentrations of 23.1, 53.4, and 91.0 nM, respectively. Since it is believed that a progestin may exert androgenic effects by displacing testosterone from sex hormone-binding globulin, thereby increasing circulating levels of free, active testosterone, these data are consistent with the results of preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating the selective progestational activity of norgestimate.

Binding, Competitive↗