[Is genital mutilation in Sweden confirmed now?].
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Child↗
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Results for “Forensic Pathology”
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The effects of skeletal preparation techniques on DNA from human and non-human bone.
The forensic pathologist increasingly relies on the forensic anthropologist to be the consulting expert in human identification. Likewise, if identification is not possible from visual inspection of skeletal remains, the forensic biologist may be called upon to conduct DNA analysis. The possibility of downstream DNA testing needs to be considered when skeletal preparation techniques are employed to deflesh human remains, as they have the potential to strongly impact genetic analyses and subsequent identification. In this study, three cleaning techniques, boiling bone in water, in bleach, and in powdered detergent/sodium carbonate, were tested for their effect on nuclear and mtDNA recovery from a variety of human and non-human bones. A statistically significant reduction in DNA yields occurred in non-human bones cleaned with bleach, and DNA degradation was apparent electrophoretically. The human bones also showed much lower yields from bleach cleaning, while the detergent/carbonate method allowed the largest segments of DNA to be amplified, indicating it may have a less degradative effect on bone DNA than either of the other cleaning processes.
Animals↗
The role of the forensic pathologist in quality assurance and safety of patient care.
During this past half century, there has been remarkable increase in the role of forensic pathologists and medical examiners in the determination of cause and manner of deaths in health care facilities and investigations of quality of patient care. Autopsy data are an essential part of this quality assurance (QA) program in patient care, especially in trauma centers' QA programs. Forensic pathologists participate in evaluating appropriateness of patient care where death occurs during or following therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. Continuous quality improvement programs now extend into data sharing in child and elder abuse, monitoring of defective medical devices and consumer products which contributed to deaths. In recent years, forensic pathologists are increasingly requested directly by family members to conduct private autopsies to provide independent opinions as to quality of patient care. Thus forensic pathologists are contributing expertise to an ever widening circle of influence in prevention of unnecessary deaths with quality assurance programs and peer review processes.
California↗
[Correlation between PMI and DNA degradation of costicartilage and dental pulp cells in human being].
OBJECTIVE: To probe the correlation between the postmortem interval (PMI) and the DNA degradation of costicartilage and dental pulp cells in human being after death, and to seek a new method for estimating PMI. METHODS: The image cytometry was used to measure the DNA degradation under different ambient temperatures (30-35 degrees C, 15-20 degrees C) in 0-15 days after death. RESULTS: The average DNA content of two kinds of tissue was degradated with the prolongation of PMI. But there was a plateau period of 0-4 days for dental pulp cells of human being in 15-20 degrees C. There was a high negative correlativity P<0.01 between the average DNA content and PMI. CONCLUSION: PMI could be estimated accurately according to the DNA degradation of costicartilage and dental pulp cells in human being after death.
Adolescent↗
[Pathomorphology of the endocardium and myocardium in the heart injury].
Light, polarization, luminescent microscopy, phase contrast, special staining methods and scanning electron microscopy were used for studying sections and fragments of the endocardium and myocardium from 123 patients who had died of heart contusion and ischemic heart disease and from 50 rats with experimental heart contusion. The morphological classification of heart contusion and differential-diagnostic table of myocardial alterations due to contusion of the heart and ischemic heart disease are proposed to facilitate pathomorphological diagnosis of heart contusion. The classification of pathomorphological signs in heart contusion is presented.
Adolescent↗
[Modern structure of the pancreatic injuries].
Current structure of pancreatic traumas of peace time is considered. The dynamics, mechanism and characteristics of pancreastic injury are described. Surgical treatment of pancreatic injuries and causes of their inadequate management are analysed. This will contribute to improvement of the quality of treatment of pancreatic injuries and of expert evaluation.
Abdominal Injuries↗
[Estimation of postnatal life duration of the premature newborns by postnatal involution of hemopoietic tissue of the liver].
140 dead fetuses and neonates of 21-40 week gestation were studied with morphometric study of hemopoietic activity of hepatic parenchyma. The correlation-regression analysis has established that hemopoietic activity of the liver in premature neonates reduces exponentially with duration of their extrauterine life. First, there was hyperplasia of hemopoietic tissue of the liver, its involution was observed 19 hours after birth, on the average, reaching maximum to the end of early neonatal period. Basing on the difference of gestation age estimated by the degree of hemopoietic activity of hepatic parenchyma and neonatal mass, a regression model of determination of neonatal period of life of premature babies was developed. The results of the study can be used for practical application in forensic medical examination of perinatal death cases.
Cell Count↗
[Forensic medical characteristics of the injuries inflicted by home-made arbalest].
The classification of arbalests as a representative of the class of missiles is presented. Basic design characteristics of such weapon, wounds and damage to cotton targets from shot distances 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 m are described.
Forensic Ballistics↗
[Forensic medical examination of abrasions in the study of mummified tissues in experiment].
Morphological and biophysical characteristics of abrasions and intact skin were studied during the process of their mummification at temperatures from 40 to 70 degrees C. The time after which the injuries become undetectable because color of the skin and injuries coincides, was determined. Changes in configuration and area of abrasions while drying are described. The rate of mummification and duration of the latter were established by dielectric indices of abrasions and skin at 10 cm wave length.
Forensic Pathology↗
[Establishment of remoteness of the soft tissues trauma by morphological methods].
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Forensic Pathology↗
[Vishnevskiĭ's spots. History of the discovery].
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Forensic Pathology↗
[ABO blood group typing in forensic autopsies].
In forensic science and medicine the ABO system has been a major focus, since the record of this blood system is a very prevalent one and A, B and O(H) antigens on erythrocytes are also associated with other cells and tissues throughout the body and are known to be considerably stable to the such violent conditions as heating or drying. However the determination of the ABO grouping from the body often encounters the difficulty due to haemolytic erythrocytes, and putrefaction, mummification or skeletonization of the body during post-mortem interval. In this presentation I review the merit and demerits of the ABO blood-grouping methods utilized in my division at the forensic autopsies according to the haemagglutination, absorption-elution and histochemical techniques and ABO genotyping method. It is important for ABO grouping to know the distribution of the ABO antigen in the body. I would like to emphasize that the species identification prior to ABO grouping is an important procedure because forensic materials such as from saliva, urine and seminal fluid might be contaminated with the fluid from animals, and DNA extracted from vertebrate species might be amplified with the primer for ABO genotyping and the amplified PCR products might be hybridized to those from human.
ABO Blood-Group System↗
[Natural death in adults: part 1. External examination].
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Autopsy↗
Postmortem monocular indirect ophthalmoscopy.
Postmortem monocular indirect ophthalmoscopy permits examination of the posterior fundus and peripheral retina even if there is less than perfect anterior segment media such as postmortem corneal clouding. Light directed through the decedent's pupil from a bright focal light source illuminates the fundus and reflected light from the retina is then projected out of the eye. An aspheric condensing lens positioned in front of the eye focuses the retinal image at the focal plane of the lens. The real inverted, laterally reversed image comprises a wide field of view permitting evaluation of the decedent's fundus for retinal hemorrhages and other lesions.
Forensic Pathology↗
Computer-aided forensics: metal object detection.
Recently, forensic investigators1 have started using diagnostic radiology devices (MRI, CT) to acquire image data from cadavers. This new technology, called the virtual autopsy, has the potential to provide a low cost, non-invasive alternative or supplement to conventional autopsies. New image processing techniques are being developed to highlight forensically relevant information in the images. One such technique is the detection and characterization of metal objects embedded in the cadaver. Analysis of this information across a population with similar causes of death can lead to developing improved safety and protection devices with a corresponding reduction in deaths.
Autopsy↗
[Forensic-medical assessment of pathomorphological changes in the myocardium in blunt chest trauma with an isolated heart contusion].
A total of 37 autopsy cases were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 17 victims who had died of closed blunt trauma of the chest with isolated heart contusion made by fists, feet in shoes. Group 2 (control) consisted of 20 cases of sudden death of ischemic heart disease because of atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis. Fragments of the heart containing endocardium were studied on the microscope JEIL-SM200 (Japan). Endocardium pathomorphology was represented by relief changes of the endocardium, structural arrangement of separate groups of muscular fibers above the endocardium surface, hemorrhages and blood clots, endotheliocyte desquamation, prelacerations, lacerations and destruction of the endocardium.
Adult↗
[Dielectric parameters of the tissues as additional criteria of postmortem period duration in medical examination of dismembered corpses].
We studied dielectric indices of soft tissues from the parts of the dismembered corpses (skin, fragments of head, trunk extremities muscles) in terms of postmortem period duration. True (epsilon/) and false (epsilon//) parts of dielectric permeability at 10 cm wave length were determined. We obtained the curves characterizing changes in tissue dielectric parameters for 30 days after death. Thus, biophysical parameters of dismembered coupse fragments allow precise dating of death.
Adolescent↗