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PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of lead(II) nitrate and a dithiocarbamate fungicide on the rat lung.

The pulmonary toxicity of two potential environmental pollutants was studied in rats 1, 7 and 30 days after a single intratracheal instillation of lead nitrate and Dithane M-45 (mancoceb), either individually or in various combinations. The cell count, protein, phospholipids and lactate dehydrogenase level were determined in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, as were the protein, phospholipids and acid phosphatase contents in the lung tissue. Lead nitrate and Dithane M-45 induced acute inflammation reactions with different features. The effects of mixtures of lead nitrate and Dithane M-45 were found to be different from those of the individual components.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed2005

Craniofacial and axial skeletal defects induced by the fungicide triadimefon in the mouse.

BACKGROUND: Triadimefon is an antifungal derived from triazole. In in vitro whole-rodent embryo cultures, triazole-derivatives showed specific teratogenic effects at the branchial apparatus. The aim of the present work was to test in vivo triadimefon (FON), in order to verify a relationship between triazole exposure, embryonic abnormalities, and/or fetal malformations. METHODS: Pregnant CD-1 mice were treated with 0-300 mg/kg FON by gavage on day 8 post coitum (p.c.) at 10:00 AM, and sacrificed on day 8 p.c. at 1:00 PM, on day 9 p.c. at 10:00 AM, on day 10 p.c. at 10:00 AM, and at term of gestation (day 18 p.c.). At midgestation, the embryos were processed for specific immunostainings to visualize the hindbrain segmentation (day 8 p.c.) and the neural crest cell migration (days 8 and 9 p.c.). Fetuses explanted at term were all processed for skeletal examination after double-staining of osseous and cartilaginous tissues. RESULTS: At midgestation, the immunostaining of rhombomeres 3 and 5 showed a light scattering of the immunostained areas; the neural crest cell migration was unaffected, but their localization at the branchial arch level was abnormal. At term, several severe malformations were observed at the craniofacial and at the axial skeletal level. Ectopic cartilage was observed at the upper jaw. CONCLUSIONS: Triadimefon is teratogenic. The observed craniofacial malformations could be explained by an alteration of the rhombomeric organization and neural crest migration to the branchial arches; the axial abnormalities could be explained by the abnormal segmental identity specification.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1979

[Determination of residues of the fungicide benzimidazole carbamic acid methyl ester and its metabolites 2-aminobenzimidazole and benzimidazole].

The authors describe a method for extracting and determining benzimidazole carbamic acid methyl ester (MBC) in the presence of its metabolites 2-aminobenzimidazole and benzimidazole. The determination is performed thin-layer and paper chromatographically using visual spot comparison. A sensitive biological method is employed for the detection of MBC. The metabolites are assayed by chemical procedures. The smallest amounts of residues that the authors could detect were: 0.01 p.p.m. of MBC and approximately 0.2 p.p.m. of the metabolites, the recovery rate ranging from 70--85%.

Benzimidazoles↗