Nurses and chemical dependency. The Board of Nursing's disciplinary role.
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The substance abuser brings his problems to the workplace. Ninety-five percent or more of all individuals experiencing alcohol-or drug-related problems are either employed or the spouse or dependent of someone who is working. It is clear we are facing a problem which transcends the boundaries of the workplace. The result in the workplace, of course, is increased costs, lower productivity, more accidents on the job, but most importantly additional suffering for the individuals involved. It is important to remember that neither GM, the UAW, nor the IUE can be expected to accept responsibility for those individuals who have the ability to control their own "wellness" and productivity. Any joint union-management substance abuse program can only be a catalyst to help individuals confront their problems. Along with the other groups and institutions concerned with these problems, GM, in cooperation with the UAW, IUE, and the other unions that represent our employees, is trying to help individuals with addictive diseases confront and obtain treatment for their problems. We believe our programs are moving in the right direction and will continue to make progress.
In a prospective drug-testing program, individuals whose job classifications have been defined as sensitive are placed in a selection pool. Periodically, individuals are chosen from this pool for drug testing. Random selection is a fair and impartial approach for this because each individual has an equal chance of being selected. Random selection also serves to reinforce the deterrent potential of a drug-testing program because individuals in the pool never know when or if they will be selected. This uncertainty discourages drug usage because of the risk involved in being selected and tested. A random selection process generates a Poisson distribution of probabilities that can be used to predict how many times an individual will be selected during a specific time interval. This information can be used to model the selection part of a drug-testing program to determine whether specific conditions of testing are met. For example, the probability of being selected a given number of times during the testing period can be minimized or maximized by varying the frequency of the sampling process. Consequently, the Poisson distribution and the mathematics governing it can be used to structure a drug-testing program to meet the needs of any given situation.
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The objective of the EAP effectiveness study was to determine the effectiveness of the EAP counseling services. The results demonstrate that employees who received help from the company's EAP subsequently improved their work performance. Although these results cannot be generalized to other EAPs, the results are encouraging and point toward a need for more research in this area.
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Employment should constitute an agreement between the parties, and policies should be written to benefit the productive employee rather than merely to curb potential abuses.