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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Factors affecting delivery of bile to the duodenum in man.

Studies utilizing balloon-occludable T or duodenal tubes in subjects with and without gallbladders were undertaken to identify the contribution of the gallbladder, the sphincter of Oddi, and bile salts to the delivery of bile to the duodenum. Patients with and without a functional sphincter of Oddi and with and without a gallbladder were compared. The presence of a functional sphincter of Oddi in duodenal tube patients reduced bile salt output by more than 67% from that observed in T-tube patients. When cholecystectomized and normal patients were compared using the duodenal tube, peak bile salt output was significantly increased in normal subjects, reflecting gallbladder contraction, but total bile salt output was not significantly increased suggesting that the gallbladder has a minor role in bile delivery. Exogenous infusion of cholecystokinin produced much more stable bile secretion than did endogenous release of cholecystokinin by intraduodenal infusion of essential amino acids. This rhythmic release of bile after endogenous cholecystokinin release was related to the concentration of bile salts in the intestinal lumen. Thus, delivery of bile to the duodenum is wave-like and is predominantly controlled by the sphincter of Oddi.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Posterior truncal vagotomy and anterior curve superficial seromyotomy as an alternative for the surgical management of chronic ulcer of the duodenum.

In this study, the value of anterior superficial seromyotomy and posterior truncal vagotomy without a supplemental gastric drainage procedure was assessed in patients operated upon for ulcers of the duodenum. The results revealed that this technique is a simple, safe and effective procedure for the management of patients with chronic ulcers of the duodenum. Indeed, it was shown that there was no mortality, a minimum of early morbidity and satisfactory results in terms of the effect on gastric secretory studies and the influence on gastric emptying capacity. Thus, significant reduction on the mean B. A. O. and M. A. O. preoperative values, negative postoperative insulin test results, complete absence of gastric stasis and a mean normal gastric emptying time in isotope gastric emptying studies was demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Electrogenic transport of glucose in the normal upper duodenum. II. Unstirred water layer and estimation of real transport constants.

The thickness of the unstirred water layer in the normal upper duodenum was measured in 11 healthy volunteers. We used the technique of simultaneous intestinal perfusion and measurement of the corresponding transmucosal potential differences (pd). The unstirred layer was calculated from the half time required to establish an Na+ diffusion potential across this layer. At a flow rate of 17 ml/min the thickness was 351 +/- 13 microns (mean +/- 1 SEM). The level increased significantly as the flow rate was reduced. The results were used to calculate estimates of the real transport constants, which describe the carrier-mediated electrogenic transport of glucose in the normal upper duodenum. Pdrealmax was calculated to be 1.1 +/- 0.15 mV, Jrealmax 6.6 nmol/cm2 X sec, and Krealm 25.8 mM. The origin of the transport-related potential change during glucose absorption was examined. It is suggested that about 60% of the total measured potential response may be attributed to a Na+ diffusion potential across the intestinal unstirred water layer.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Morphology of the liver and duodenum in excluded small intestine].

The results of light microscope and ultrastructural examinations of the liver and duodenum when the small intestine was excluded from the food passage. Along-side with liver steatosis and focal hyperplasia of endocrine cells, an unknown type of cell elements was discovered in duodenal glands most likely related to the humoral regulation of the functional activity of the digestive organs. The leading role of disregeneratory processes in cyst formation in the stomach and duodenum is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the duodenum in cancers of the gastrointestinal tract].

In an autoptic study the coincidence of carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) of the duodenum was studied histologically. Out of sixty cases of carcinomas in the gastrointestinal tract not one case of concomitant NLH in the duodenum could be demonstrated, nor in the first section of the jejunum, which was examined for comparison's sake. A connection between NLH and carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract, as pointed out in the literature, could not be confirmed through this study.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[The duodenum : a psychosomatic organ? (author's transl)].

A pressure-captor tube was inserted into the duodenum close to the ampulla of Vater in 15 surgical patients. The authors present a selection of 12 pressure curves under different circumstances : sleep, awake, meal, psychological agression, physical agression, pharmacological agression. The curves indicate that the duodenum reflects a psychosomatic structure in terms of its motricity, which could explain various aspects of gastric or biliary pathology.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Crohn's disease of the duodenum associated with acute acalculous cholecystopathy].

Since the initial description of Crohn's disease (CD) located in the distal ileum, great number of cases has been observed, and we know that this disease can occur in any part of the digestive tube, from mouth to anus. The duodenal involvement is rare and no more than two hundred cases have been observed. A case of Crohn's disease located in the duodenum, with a severe acalculus cholecystitis, without intestinal involvement is presented. Radiological study showed a stenotic process in the first, second and third duodenal portion, later on confirmed by endoscopy. This was confirmed at surgery, when a gastrojejunostomy with truncal vagotomy, cholecystectomy, besides duodenum and liver biopsies were performed. The patient is asymptomatic four years after surgery. It is considered that bile reflux, resulting from involvement of Vater papilla by CD, is responsible factor of the biliary pathology.

Cholangiography↗
PubMed1978

[Primary cancer of the duodenum].

8 patients with primary carcinoma of the duodenum were operated upon: 3 pancreatoduodenal resections were carried out upon 3 patients. 1 patient underwent duodenectomy, the rest were mitigating and exploratory interventions. There were no fatal outcomes after radical interventions. The authors believe that radical operations for carcinoma of the duodenum allow to look forward to a longlasting cure.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Vascularization of the submucosal and mucosal membranes of the 1st and 2d portions of the duodenum in the adult].

The vascularization of the mucosal and submucosal layers of the first and second duodenal segments of adult man is studied in 12 duodenums, in which the vascular system has been injected with gelatinous india ink. The submucosal layer of the duodenum constitutes a true vascular crossroad of two anastomotic networks, one arterial, the other venous, which morphology is completely superimposable. It differs from the jejunum and the ileum because the existence of the Brünner's glands in the submucosa which are vascularized by an important and characteristic capillary network. The arteries of the mucosa are tributary of the submucosal network. They leave precapillary arterioles which reach the Lieberkühn's glands, the Brünner's gland of the mucosa and the duodenal villi. There, they give rise in three capillary networks which are anastomosed at the base of the villi and within the lamina propria. The venous drainage of the mucosa flows into the submucosal venous network.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A quantitative study on the myenteric plexus of the distal end of the duodenum and the proximal part of the jejunum.

4 necropsy specimens taken from adult individuals were used in order to estimate the density of nerve cell bodies of the myenteric plexus in the last distal 5 cm of the duodenum and the proximal 5 cm of the jejunum (including the duodenojejunal flexure), that were subdivided into parts of approximately 1 cm and stained by Giemsa's method according to Barbosa (1970). Except for the first 2 parts, an increase of the neuron number was observed toward the duodenojejunal flexure, the greatest being at this point, and then decreasing progressively. The first duodenal parts, which corresponds approximately to the intersection of the mesenteric artery with the duodenum, showed the same neuron density as the duodenojejunal flexure. In this paper the 2 parts with higher neuron density were related to functional sphincteric zones, previously described.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Molecular and transport effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in rat duodenum.

The saturable component of transmural calcium transport in rat duodenum is transcellular, dependent on vitamin D, and can be evaluated by in situ gut loops or everted sacs. Vitamin D action at the molecular level can be studied by analyzing the response in terms of calcium-binding protein (CaBP; Mr congruent to 9000) biosynthesis to exogenous 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2-D3). In vitamin D-replete animals, the CaBP response occurs within 1 h of intraperitoneal injection when the animals have been fed a high-calcium diet (III), but in 7 h if the animals have been fed a low-calcium diet(I). The latter response appears to be transcriptional, whereas the former seems posttranscriptional. In vitamin D-deficient animals, exogenous 1,25-(OH)2-D3 evokes a CaBP response that occurs 7-8 h after treatment and is transcriptional in nature. Calcium uptake by isolated duodenal cells can be stimulated by prior in vivo treatment with 1,25-(OH)2-D3. Peak response times parallel those found with CaBP biosynthesis, i.e., 3 h in cells from vitamin D-replete animals fed diet III, 7 h in cells from vitamin D-replete animals fed diet I, and 12 h in cells from vitamin D-deficient animal. Cycloheximide treatment appears to inhibit these responses. Moreover, everted sacs from vitamin D-replete animals fed diets III and I show an early and a delayed transport response, respectively. Studies with brush border membrane vesicles prepared from rat duodenum have shown calcium uptake to be vitamin D-dependent. Part of this uptake involves binding to the inner aspect of the membrane and may involve a high-affinity CaBP. Thus a major component of the action of vitamin D in stimulating calcium transport appears to involve protein synthesis. The time and molecular nature of these responses depend on the calcium intake and vitamin D status of the animals. A model of calcium movement through the intestinal cell is included.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effect of chronic aspirin ingestion on epithelial proliferation in rat fundus, antrum, and duodenum.

We studied the effect of chronic aspirin ingestion on gastroduodenal epithelial proliferation by feeding rats aspirin in the drinking water. A control group of rats received plain water. At the end of 4 wk, [3H]-thymidine was given intravenously to label proliferating cells, and the rats were killed 1 h later. Sections of fundus, antrum, and proximal duodenum were processed for light autoradiography. We found that chronic aspirin ingestion stimulated epithelial proliferation in fundic mucosa but had no effect in the antrum. In the duodenum, aspirin increased proliferation in the lowest four crypt-cell positions, which most likely indicates an increase in stem-cell production. None of the tissues contained evidence of inflammation or ulceration. The proliferative effects of aspirin may help explain the previously observed phenomenon of mucosal adaptation in the rat after repeated exposure to aspirin. Further, if human gastroduodenal epithelium responds in a similar manner to chronic aspirin exposure, the effects on proliferation may explain in part the distribution of aspirin-associated ulcers.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Urgent X-ray examinations of new-born babies II. Duodenum-colon (author's transl)].

This paper describes those examinations of new-born babies most often indicated as being urgent in cases of mechanical obstruction of the duodenum and small and large intestines. The initial examination is in all cases an abdominal radiograph, which indicates the next diagnostic procedure. Once a direct or indirect picture of an obstruction in the duodenum or small intestine has been attempted, an irrigoscopy without fluoroscopy is indicated for further clarification of these changes. Even in cases of invagination, fluoroscopy becomes unnecessary with careful air insufflation. If the initial clinical condition is questionable or the abdominal general radiograph unclear, a contrast medium enema is to be recommended as an alternative method.

Colon↗
PubMed1982

[Injuries to the duodenum].

Literature data on 294 patients with injuries of the duodenum and 24 personal observations were analyzed in order to reveal the localization and character of the injuries, surgical interventions, complications and outcomes of damages of this organ. Injuries of the duodenum, especially of its retroperitoneal portions, were found to be more frequent. Reserves for improving results of the treatment were shown to be in better diagnosing and performing operations with minimum amount of anastomoses, careful drainage of the retroperitoneal space, aspiration of the gastro-intestinal content.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Dose-effect relationship of glucagon on the stomach, pylorus and duodenum].

The effect of glucagon on the stomach, pylorus and duodenum was evaluated within the first 30 minutes p.i. Glucagon was administered intravenously in a dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 1 mg. The hypotonic effect was greater on the duodenum than on the stomach. The dose response of the pylorus was not uniform. It was possible to point out a direct relationship between the intensity and duration of the hypotonic effect and the administered dosage.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Retroperitoneal injuries of the duodenum].

8 observations over a closed trauma of the retroperitoneal portion of the duodenum are presented; 3 patients out of them sustained combined traumas. Only in 2 cases the rupture of the peritoneal portion of the duodenum was suspected before operation. In 4 patients the diagnosis was established in time of laparotomy, in 2 cases the rupture was recognized at the repeated laparotomy. As a rule each operation terminated in a drainage of the retroperitoneal space through the lumbar region.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Tuberculous stenosis of the duodenum].

A 51-year-old man came to hospital admission one year after the first occurrence of upper abdominal pain, nausea, fever, melaena and discrete symptoms of inflammatory disease, X-ray examination of the chest, colon and ileum were normal. Sonography and computertomographic examination showed a mass in the pancreatic head region. Diagnosis was established by endoscopy and examination of bioptic material, showing ulcerating and stenosing tuberculosis of the duodenum with caseating, tuberculoid granuloma and acid stabile bacilli. Tubercle bacilli of the human type could be demonstrated in bacterial culture. Granuloma of epitheloid cells could also be found in the liver. Drug therapy with tuberculostatic drugs brought about complete healing of the macroscopical lesions within 4 weeks. In patients with stenosing processes of the duodenum tuberculosis should also be taken into account as a rare cause of this condition.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1981

A rabbit model allowing access to portal vein, vena cava, aorta and duodenum without anesthesia.

In studies of hepatic first-pass elimination of drugs gastric emptying, intestinal absorption and metabolism may be factors difficult to control. Direct access to the portal vein and to the duodenum without the need for anesthesia could overcome this problem. A rabbit model was, there for, developed with chronically implanted catheters in the portal vein, the aorta, the vena cava and the duodenum but necessitating a left nephrectomy. Hepatic and renal function before and 14 days after the operation showed no significant differences with respect to serum GOT, GPT, K, Na, Cl, PO4, urea-N, and creatinine levels. Arterial catheters were functioning for an average of 55, venous catheters for 49 and portal catheters for 59 days. Autopsy revealed no major pathology. This model permits the separate study of hepatic and intestinal first-pass effects in unanesthetized and unstressed rabbits.

Anesthesia↗