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PubMedDate not supplied

Variant serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus isolated from commercial layer and broiler chickens.

Twenty infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) field isolates obtained from commercial layer and broiler chickens in 1987 and 1988 were serotyped using the virus-neutralization (VN) test. Six different previously unrecognized variant serotypes were identified from a total of seven isolates from layer chickens. Only two isolates, both from Maine, were the same variant serotype. Variant serotypes also were recovered from layer flocks in Illinois and Washington and the province of Ontario, Canada. Two different variants were isolated from the same multi-age layer complex in Connecticut. Only one of 13 broiler chicken isolates was found to be a new variant serotype, that being from birds reared in Delaware. Cross-protection studies in specific-pathogen-free chickens indicated that vaccines containing the Holland, L-1, or Connaught strains of Massachusetts (Mass) combined with Arkansas produced a broader spectrum of immunity against challenge with the layer variants than Mass (Holland) alone or Mass (L-1) + Connecticut. All vaccines tested produced solid immunity (greater than or equal to 80% protection) against the broiler variant virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Sports injuries and adolescent athletes.

A one-year study was undertaken investigating adolescent sports injury experiences at a major sports clinic in the state of Delaware. A total of 619 athletes sustained 870 injuries, for an overall injury rate of 1.4 injuries per athlete. The largest number of injuries was recorded in football (40.2 percent), followed by boys' soccer, wrestling, baseball and girls' basketball. Severity of injury was measured by the number of days lost per injury. Cheerleading had the highest average days lost per injury (28.8), followed by girls' basketball, wrestling, boys' cross-country and girls' tennis. Inflammation, fractures and dislocations comprised 50.6 percent of all the injuries, while 50.5 percent of the injuries were located in the knee, thigh, and shoulder. Twenty-seven of the 870 injuries required surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Malignant external otitis and mastoiditis associated with an IgG4 subclass deficiency in a child.

We have presented the first child in Delaware with malignant external otitis associated with IgG4 deficiency. Our patient needed three courses of intravenous antibiotics and twice required mastoidectomy, but has recovered completely following the restoration of the natural barrier between the internal and external ear, using a fascial graft from the large temporalis muscle. Some hearing deficit remains.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Echocardiographic evaluation of fetal arrhythmias.

When during routine prenatal care, the auscultation++ of the fetal heart beat reveals an abnormal rate or rhythm, two things are needed: 1) the accurate diagnosis of the arrhythmia, and 2) the hemodynamic impact of the rhythm disturbance on the fetus. In Poland, external cardiotocography is the most widely Supported in part by the American Heart Association, Delaware Affiliate, Grant = 41161 available diagnostic system used by obstetricians, but it records only the mean heart rate or the instantaneous heart rate. Cardiotocography is therefore useful only in identifying tachycardia or bradycardia. The most frequent tape of fetal arrhythmia is an irregular rhythm, especially premature contractions (1, 15, 18). We believe that any disturbance in fetal cardiac condition should be evaluated more fully by fetal echocardiography.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1990

Criteria-based evaluation of group 3 level memory telefacsimile equipment for interlibrary loan.

The Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery, and Union List Task Force of the Health Sciences Libraries Consortium (HSLC)--with nineteen libraries located in Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Hershey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware--accepted the charge of evaluating and recommending for purchase telefacsimile hardware to further interlibrary loan among HSLC members. To allow a thorough and scientific evaluation of group 3 level telefacsimile equipment, the task force identified ninety-six hardware features, which were grouped into nine broad criteria. These features formed the basis of a weighted analysis that identified three final candidates, with one model recommended to the HSLC board. This article details each of the criteria and discusses features in terms of library applications. The evaluation grid developed in the weighted analysis process should aid librarians charged with the selection of level 3 telefacsimile equipment.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1990

Gestational and familial risk factors for childhood astrocytoma: results of a case-control study.

Gestational and familial risk factors were investigated for their association with astrocytoma, the most frequently occurring brain tumor in children. A case-control study of 163 matched pairs was performed. Cases under 15 years of age at diagnosis in 1980-1986 were identified through the tumor registries of 8 hospitals in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware. Controls were selected by random digit dialing and were matched to cases for age, race, and telephone area code and exchange. Maternal antinausea medications increased the risk of childhood astrocytoma [OR (odds ratio) = 2.0, P = 0.04]. Cured meat consumption during pregnancy was more common among cases (OR = 1.9, P = 0.07), and a significant trend with increasing frequency of consumption was observed (P = 0.04). Results for gestational exposure to marijuana (OR = 2.8, P = 0.07) were of borderline significance. Gestational exposure to neurally active medications, alcohol, and tobacco were not risk factors. There was a significant trend for cases to be of higher birth weight (P = 0.03). Mental retardation (OR = 3.0, P = 0.04) and cancer (OR = 1.7, P = 0.02) in a relative of the child significantly increased the risk of astrocytoma. Significantly increased risks were observed for brain tumors in relatives of children 0-4 years of age at diagnosis (OR = 6/0, P = 0.04). A significant protective effect was observed for maternal history of miscarriage or stillbirth (OR = 0.5, P = 0.01). The results of this study suggest that some gestational and familial factors may increase the risk of childhood astrocytoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Serologic survey for Borrelia burgdorferi antibody in horses referred to a mid-Atlantic veterinary teaching hospital.

Blood samples obtained from 13 of 100 (13%) and 6 of 91 (7%) horses at the George D. Widener Hospital for Large Animals in the months of June and October, respectively, had antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi as determined by ELISA. Horses from the states of New York, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania were seropositive for B burgdorferi. The frequency of antibody response in horses from New Jersey was greater (P less than 0.05) than the frequency of antibody response in horses from Pennsylvania or that of horses from the other states combined. Statistically significant difference was not found when a comparison was made between horses with serotiter and open diagnosis of neurologic or musculoskeletal disease and horses with negative serotest results and open diagnosis of neurologic or musculoskeletal disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Results of a brief survey on the prescribing practices for monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants.

Four hundred eighty-five psychiatrists in Pennsylvania and Delaware responded to a survey of prescribing practices for the monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressants. Although the low response rate (34%) limited the generalizability of the results, the similarity between respondents and the total sample surveyed argued against gross sampling bias. The authors found that only a minority of psychiatrists (25%) prescribe MAOIs regularly, despite a relatively low rate of reports of serious sequelae from hypertensive crises or other side effects. They also found that a substantial number of psychiatrists who regularly prescribe MAOIs also report prescribing high doses and combining therapy with tricyclics, lithium, neuroleptics, and psychostimulants. These findings have implications for postmarketing research on psychotropic drugs.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1990

Spinal cord injury: a ten-year report.

In the past 10 years, the RSCICDV has had a unique opportunity to serve and expand the bounds of knowledge regarding this most devastating injury. The RSCICDV has collaborated with other model SCI systems in research regarding the incidence of respiratory complications, the value of removing bullet fragments lodged within the spinal canal, the survival/cause of death following spinal cord injury, the cost of spinal cord injury care, and the recovery of motor strength after quadriplegia. Key on-site research efforts have focused on preventing deep vein thrombosis and in documenting the course of motor recovery after spinal cord injury. The identification of electrical stimulation plus low dose heparin as a prophylaxis has been a major breakthrough in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis. The documentation of motor recovery after injury has led to the designation of Thomas Jefferson University as a federally-funded National Rehabilitation Research and Training Center in Neural Recovery and Functional Enhancement (1988-1993). It cannot be stressed enough, however, that the accomplishments of the Regional Spinal Cord Injury Center of Delaware Valley would have been quite impossible without the cooperation and support of the many physicians who have referred their patients to this regional center program. Continuing and expanding this cooperative effort should result in even greater achievements for persons with spinal cord injury in the years to come.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1989

Rabies surveillance, United States, 1988.

The primary purpose of the annual report on rabies surveillance is to assist local and state public health officials in the planning of rabies control programs and to guide health professionals in evaluating the need for rabies postexposure prophylaxis in patients who are exposed to animals that may be rabid. In 1988, a total of 4,724 cases of animal rabies were reported by 47 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, similar to the total (4,729) for 1987. No human cases of rabies were reported. The South Atlantic, South Central, North Central, and Middle Atlantic states reported 81% of the cases. Pennsylvania, Texas, California, Maryland, and Virginia each reported over 300 rabid animals. Delaware (61 cases), New Mexico (15), Alaska (34), Connecticut (8), and South Carolina (127) each reported an increase in animal rabies cases greater than or equal to 100% in 1988 compared with 1987. Smaller but significant increases also were reported from Florida (66% increase), Pennsylvania (68%), and Georgia (40%). Eighty-eight percent of rabies cases were in wild animals, and 12% were in domestic animals. Skunks, raccoons, and bats accounted for 82% of all rabid animals. Cats became the most commonly reported domestic species for the first time since reporting to CDC began in 1960. The most effective methods of reducing the number of people exposed to rabies are to educate the public to avoid unfamiliar, especially wild, animals and to vaccinate susceptible pets against rabies. Rabies vaccination programs should target cats as well as dogs. Two cases of imported canine rabies emphasized the need to educate travelers of the risk of canine rabies in developing countries. Caution should be used when pets are imported from these countries.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Eastern equine encephalitis in Quebec and Connecticut, 1972: introduction by infected mosquitoes on the wind?

In 1972 there were outbreaks of eastern equine encephalitis in the Eastern Townships, Quebec, Canada and in Connecticut, USA. Climatic data including Northern Hemisphere synoptic charts were examined. The findings indicate that the virus could have been brought to Lac Brome by infected mosquitoes carried on surface winds from Meriden, Connecticut, on the night of August 22-23, 1972. The distance of 400 km would have been covered in 14-16 h at a speed of 25-30 km h-1 and at a temperature of 15 degrees C and higher. The first case was recorded 13 days later on September 5, 1972. The outbreak at Meriden, Connecticut started on August 21, 1972. On August 7, 1972 southwesterly winds blew along the Atlantic coast at heights up to 1.5 km. Infected mosquitoes could have been carried on the wind from Cape May, New Jersey, Delaware-Maryland-Virginia peninsula, North Carolina or Georgia. Flights would have been at 17 degrees-20 degrees C and lasted 5-6, 9-10, 14-16 and 20-26 h depending on the origin. The arrival on August 8, 1972 coincided with a cold front moving from the northwest through Connecticut. Culiseta melanura is regarded as the mosquito species most likely to have been involved in the transmission of infection.

Air Movements↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathogenicity and cross-protection of pigeon paramyxovirus-1 and Newcastle disease virus in young chickens.

Avian paramyxovirus-1 (PMV-1) isolates from Delaware racing pigeons were compared with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in pathogenicity and cross-protection studies in young chickens. The pathogenicity of pigeon PMV-1 isolates was more closely related to mesogenic (Roakin) NDV than to lentogenic (La Sota) or velogenic (Texas GB) NDV strains. Pigeon PMV-1 produced 100% mortality in 1-day-old NDV-susceptible chickens following intratracheal and intracerebral inoculation. Laboratory tests often used in conjunction with chicken pathogenicity procedures for patho-typing NDV gave conflicting results. Pigeon PMV-1 isolates produced large clear plaques (up to 3.5 mm) in chicken-embryo-fibroblast cultures. Chicken embryo mean death times were considerably greater for pigeon PMV-1 (88 and 109 hr) than for Roakin (66 hr) and Texas GB (48 hr). B1 strain NDV and pigeon PMV-1 produced complete cross-protection in challenge studies in chickens. Extensive cross-reaction between pigeon PMV-1 and NDV occurred in hemagglutination-inhibition tests using polyclonal antisera. However, pigeon PMV-1 and NDV were readily distinguishable using a NDV monoclonal antibody, 2F12.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Aedes albopictus in the United States: rapid spread of a potential disease vector.

Aedes albopictus, the Asian "tiger mosquito," was found in Houston, Texas, in 1985. Aedes albopictus is primarily a forest edge inhabiting species that has readily adapted to the container habitats produced by humans. Although not yet incriminated in the spread of any disease in the Americas, it has been repeatedly implicated in epidemic dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever transmission in Asia. It is a competent laboratory vector of La Crosse, yellow fever and other viruses, and can transovarially transmit at least 15 viruses. In 1986, Ae. albopictus was found in many other Texas counties, and in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, and Tennessee. In 1987, infestations were discovered in Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and North Carolina. Aedes albopictus and other exotic species were intercepted in shipments of used tires entering the United States from Asia. All such tires must now be free of mosquitoes before entering the country. Control over the movement and storage of tires, a strong source reduction program, and intensive public education can solve the albopictus problem.

Aedes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration cytology of the pancreas. A retrospective study of 73 cases.

Retrospective review of pancreatic fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy specimens collected with computed tomographic guidance from 73 patients between 1980 and 1985 at the Medical Center of Delaware was performed to determine the accuracy of the procedure in our hands and to identify possible problem areas for cytologic diagnosis. When compared with clinical data or tissue diagnosis, FNA had a sensitivity for the detection of pancreatic carcinoma of 67.7%. The predictive value of a negative result was only 23.1%. When compared to the cytologic diagnosis made at the time of review, FNA had a sensitivity of 100%, but a single false-positive case was identified. In addition to the majority of probable pancreatic ductal carcinomas, a hepatoma and a lymphoma were detected. Cases of primary pancreatic carcinoma were classified by cytologic features, but all groups had dismal three-to-six-month median survivals, regardless of the degree of tumor differentiation. Survival times were similarly low for patients with negative pancreatic FNAs. The low patient survival times, regardless of FNA diagnosis, support the value of avoiding laparotomy in these patients and confirm the high false-negative rate of the procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Assaults against psychiatrists in outpatient settings.

Questionnaires were sent to 3800 psychiatrists in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware to investigate assaults against psychiatrists in outpatient settings. Ninety-one questionnaires were returned: 32 psychiatrists reported serious assaults (gun or knife), and 59 reported less serious assaults (object or physical attack). Significantly more personal injury and property damage resulted from the less serious assaults. Coping strategy was significantly related to the type of assault; positive verbal intervention was the most effective. Thirty-one (36%) of 87 respondents stated that they had moderate to strong feelings before the attack that the patient was potentially violent. Experienced psychiatrists were as likely to be victims of assault as were inexperienced psychiatrists. Forty-eight (59%) of 81 psychiatrists continued to treat the patients who had assaulted them. Only 20 (23%) of 87 psychiatrists had security arrangements at the time of the assault. The authors present four case vignettes which typify the different types of assaults, interventions, and outcomes.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Medical and drug risk factors associated with neuroblastoma: a case-control study.

A matched case-control study of prenatal risk factors for neuroblastoma was conducted, including 104 cases diagnosed over the period 1970-79 in the Greater Delaware Valley. Significantly elevated odds ratios (ORs) were associated with maternal use of a neurally active drug during pregnancy (OR = 2.83), sex hormone exposure 3 months prior to or during pregnancy (OR = 2.25), frequent alcohol consumption during pregnancy (OR = 9.0), and maternal use of diuretic drugs during pregnancy (OR = 5.75). Significantly more case mothers than control mothers reported use of hair coloring products during pregnancy (OR = 3.0). No association was found between cigarette smoking, coffee consumption, or medical irradiation and case-control status.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identification of O,O-dialkyl-S-methylphosphorodithioate residues in fish.

O,O-Dialkyl-S-methylphosphorodithioates were found in Mississippi River buffalo fish caught near several chemical plants and oil refineries in Hartford and Wood River, IL. These chemicals, which have not been previously recognized as environmental or food contaminants, were identified and quantitated by a procedure similar to the AOAC multiresidue method for organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides, using gas chromatography (GC) with flame photometric detection (FPD). The key to their identification was a GC/FPD retention time pattern that was virtually the same as that for the diazomethane reaction products of a commercial zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate motor oil additive. GC/mass spectrometry (MS) showed that the compound producing the largest GC/FPD peak contained butoxy groups. The identification of this compound as O,O-di(2-methylpropyl)-S-methyl-phosphorodithioate (Compound C) was confirmed by GC/MS analysis by comparison with the authentic material. The buffalo fish contained 0.15 ppm Compound C and 0.5 ppm total O,O-dialkyl-S-methylphosphorodithioates. Subsequent analyses of fish from other areas showed that these contaminants were not limited to the Hartford-Wood River area. Lower residue levels of Compound C, ranging from 0.01 to 0.05 ppm, were found in fish from the Mississippi River at Sauget, IL, and from the Delaware River and Newark Bay in NJ.

Animals↗